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Chapter 1. Site description
1.1 Organization/process/products
S.C MITAL STIL S.A Roman is located in Roman-Iasi road, km 333, with the
headquarters in 246 Stefan cel Mare Street, Roman, Neamt county, in the Siret river basin,
between Codrun and Simionesti villages and the railways Roman-Suceava. The absolute height
of the platform location is +208.60 m above Black Sea.
The company is registered with the Trade Register no. J27/88/1991, fiscal code R
2057240, IBAN RO 06 RNCB 3710000000 100001, Roman branch opened at BCR.
The evaluated target neighborhoods are:
North: Codrun and Simionesti villages;
South: Roman city;
East: S.C. ELEROM S.A - highway E 85 ( Bucharest-Suceava);
West: Codrun village.
Surface of the site is 1629031 m2:
Built area = 508376 m2;
Inside surface = 953253 m2;
Outside surface = 167402 m2; Landfills = 37500 m2;
Green spaces = 75000 m2
The entrance on the site is through the gate from Roma-Iasi road, at km 333, Codrun
village. The emplacement is protected by a precast concrete fence with barbed wire on three
layers, aprox. 2 meter height.
The main activity of the company is the production of iron and steel tubes - NACE Code
272. The primary activity is the production of tubes (pipes) and fittings. Steel plant operationalprocesses are divided into a number of sequential parts as follows:
- Stieffel rolling process (mills 16", 6" two lines);
- Pilger rolling process (mill 20");
- auxiliary operation for hot rolling;
- finishing of tubular material;
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- the Extreme Line pipe manufacturing.
The main activity is producing and selling seamless steel pipes, hot rolled, cold rolled or
drawn and import-export activity.
As a secondary activity it could be mentioned the marketing of steel castings and
machined parts.
Other related activities are listed as follows:
- Transport activities;
- Metrology activities;
- Department of laboratories;
- Administrative services;
- Maintenance and repair;
- Investments and direct labor;- Production and distribution of thermal agents (hot water and steam consumption
society);
- Transport and distribute electricity, gas and oxygen;
- Technical assistance;
- Design and operating systems;
- Research design, consultancy;
- Marketing, advertising;
- Raw materials and auxiliary supply.
As finished products, the company manufactures carbon steel pipe hot rolled, cold rolled
or drawn, and by-products rolling tools, spare parts.
1.2 Site characterization
1.2.1 Soil and topography of the site area
Codrun village is situated in the south-west of the platform Moldovan. This area is
meadow and is formed of medium coarse sands.
Along the arms of Moldova, the ex riverbeds are paved with coarse material, trapped in a
discontinuous matrix of coarse sands, and they are covered by alluvial soils. In the Moldavian
Platform, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Neozoic formations are encountered. Due to combined
actions of factors and pedogenetic processes, there is a coating of different soils, like:
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cambic chernozem;
illuvial clay mold;
luvic brown soil;
alluvial soil.1.2.2 Ground water
Downward waters - they are located in the superior layers of earths bark, connected with
surface water and rainfall. These waters can be groundwater located in the surface aquifer
or surface water, located above the ground water and with temporary character.
Upward waters - they are trapped in deep aquifers, between impermeable layers, being in
a long time connection with surface water.
On the site, ground water is situated in a 2-5 m depth. The level of ground water is notstable because of rainfall.
1.2.3 Surface water
The main river in the area is Moldova, with its affluent, Morii. The minor bed of the
Moldova river is welded, paved with boulders and gravel. The bed is very unstable because of
fluid flow.
The annual flow is 34.7 m3/s (1950-1991), and the extremely monthly average is as
follows: 7.63 m3/s in January and 64.08 m3/s in May.
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Chapter 2. Identification of sources of pollution and contaminants
2.1 Process description
In S.C. MITAL STIL S.A, the main activity is the production of iron and steel tubes and
core business is the production of steel pipes. Besides the main activity, the society can perform
other 118 activities.
The main activity is the production and marketing of seamless steel pipes, hot rolled, cold
rolled or drawn, as well as import export activities. As a secondary activity it may be mentioned
the selling steel castings and processed cutting parts.
As finite products, the company creates Tevin of carbon steel hot rolled, cold rolled or
drawn, and sub - products rolling tools, spare parts.
The production activity is structured in 7 sections of production, workshops annex,
wastewater storage materials and finished products.
In terms of flow technology organization, there are seven sections:
a) Section mill 16" - it is equipped with a hot rolling line type Stieffel to manufacture pipes
with external diameter between 168-406 mm, using as raw material steel billets carbon and low
alloy;b) Section mill 6"/1,2 - which has two lines running hot rolling type Stieffel to manufacture
pipes with outer diameter 89-168 mm range, using as raw material steel billets - carbon and low
alloy and a line of hot rolling mill gearbox to manufacture pipes with outside diameter ranging
from 34 -89 mm, using as raw material taken from the mill Stieffel rough pipes 16";
c) Section mill 20"- which has operated a hot rolling line Pilger, to manufacture pipes with
external diameter between 273-508 mm, using steel ingots as raw material and low-carbon steel;
d) Section drawer - which has operated a line of cold rolling and cold drawn bench for
manufacturing pipes with outer diameter between 6-245 mm;
e) Section material tubular finish (FMT) which performs all operations tubular finishing
materials for special purpose;
f) 4 households recycled industrial water;
g) The station for neutralizing acidic waters from pickling and phosphating;
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h) The station for chromic waters detoxification;
i) Domestic waste water treatment plant.
Reporting to the nominal production capacity, then the quantities of the delivered goods
in 2003 are:
- for Section mill 20 : 129 000 t/yr;
- for Section mill 16 and FMT: 325 332 t/yr;
- for Section mill 6: 108 798 t/yr.
In addition to the production departments and insurance there are also utilities,
maintenance, repairs, insurance tools, service and service, warehouses, laboratories,
administrative body.
Description of the main rolling processes
Stieffel rolling process (rolling mills 16", 6") is conducted with some steps as follows:
1. The preparation of raw materials requires the raw material to be checked in terms of
appearance, the dimensional deviations and the perpendicularity of the ends cutback before
loading into the furnace. Cutting is performed on batch and dimension, with oxyacetylene flame
on the block backer support
2. Billets tickets weighing it is done on a BT 15-2 type platform weighing.
3. Heating billets tickets it is carried out in a rotary hearth furnace at a temperature of
1100-1300C. The heating agent is methane gas.
4. Drilling it is achieved by a helical lamination on a stopper and it is done between two
cylinders with inclined axes and which rotate in the same direction. The result is a hollow body
with a thick wall, called blank.
5. The DUO rolling it runs between two DUO cylinders, comprising 2, 3 or 4 sizes,
according to the outer diameter of pipes, which is laminated on a DUO plug.
6. Smoothing rolling this operation is intended to smooth the outer surface defects and
internal pipe wall thickness and uniformity.
7. Calibration of pipes it is carried out by calibrated mill, with 7 rolling stands, on which
the outer diameter is calibrated.
8. Cooling of pipes it is naturally made by stopping the pipes on two cooling beds.
9. Straightening of pipes it is done using a hyperbolic roller machines.
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10. Slicing of technological ends using special machines.
11. Control and reshuffle surface defects are removed by polishing using mobile
pneumatic grinders,
12. Marking it is carried out using nitro paint, by spraying using a compressed air gun
and a printed pattern on which the product characteristics are inscriptioned.
Pilger rolling process (rolling mill 20") consists in the hot plastic deformation by
polygonal ingots forging on a mandrel.
1. Raw materials preparation the raw material is the polygonal ingots with a diameter
between 450-650 mm and a length of 1600-2000 mm. Following the visual inspection, the
surface defects are removed by chiseling, grinding or peeling appropriate.
2. Weighing of ingots it is done with a scale place under the roller train.3. Heating of ingots it takes place in the rotary hearth furnace, at temperatures of 1250-
1300C, using methane gas as fuel.
4. Mechanical removal of zunder from the ingots it is achieved with a gear machine that
copy the ingot profile.
5. Drilling of ingots it is done with the drilling press with vertical frame of 1500 MN,
from which results a rolling glass.
6. Elongation of glasses the elongating mill runs a spiral rolling on the glass between
three rollers, at an angle of 120, where the breakdown of the bottom of the cup occurs, resulting
the blank.
7. Zunder removing using water pressure the pressure of the cold water (160-250 bar)
makes the zunder layer to break and fall.
8. Threading and Pilger rolling the pilger mandrel is introduced into the blank. The
Pilger rolling is a sequential deformation in pilgrim step.
9. Nipping of technological heads it is done with saws.
10. Weighing of pipes - it is done with a scale place on the flow under the roller train.
11. Pre-heating of pipes the pipes are heated in a tunnel furnace at 800-850C, using
methane gas.
12. Calibration of pipes the hot calibration is done with a single reversible DUO caja,
with a longitudinal rolling in 3-5 passes.
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13. Cooling of pipes is made naturally, by stopping the pipes on a bed with chains.
14. Operations that allow obtaining 530-610 mm diameter pipes:
- heating of pipe ends in the chamber furnace at the bore bed;
- suppression of pipe ends;
- heating of pipe;
- widening of pipe;
- straightening of pipe:
- debiting of suppressed ends.
2.2 Identification the sources of pollution
2.2.1 Water pollution sources
The wastewater sources are described in table no.1. Rainwater is collected and evacuated
together with technological wastewater and sanitary sewage in Moldova river. Before the
evacuation, the water is treated in the own wastewater treatment plant of the company.
Table no.1. - Water pollution sources
No.Pollution
source
Water generating
technological processSpecific pollutants
1 Section mill 16
-billet debiting
-billet heating
-defective blank heating
-billet rolling
-pipe testing
-maintenance
-zunder washing
-particulate matter
-calcium
-oil products
-extractable substances
-iron
2 Section mill 6/1
-billet heating
-blank heating
-billet, blank rolling
-pipe testing-accumulator charging
-maintenance
-billet debiting
-particulate matter
-calcium
-oil products
-extractable substances-iron
-sodium
-sulfates3 Section mill 6/2 -billet heating
-blank heating
-billet, blank rolling
-particulate matter
-calcium
-oil products
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-pipe testing
-accumulator charging
-maintenance
-billet debiting
-extractable substances
-iron
-sodium
-sulfates
4 Section mill 20
-ingot heating
-steel pipes hardening
-pipe warming
-steel pipes hardening
-pipe warming at the
under-reamer bed
-pipe rolling
-chemical treating
-maintenance
-particulate matter-calcium
-oil products
-extractable substances
-iron
-sodium
-sulfates
-nitrates
-zinc
-pH-total P
2.2.2 Air pollution sources
Section mill 20
- Source rotary hearth furnace: here it takes place the ingot heating, with a consumption of
methane gas of 6620 Nmc/h. The source specific features are: height 25.7 m, diameter 2600 mm,
flow 180,000 mc/h. Discontinuous source: 2700 h/yr. Major emitted pollutants: particulate
matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NO2, NO3), sulfur dioxide.
- Source tunnel furnace with recuperator boiler: methane gas consumption 2640 Nmc/h.
The specific features of the source are: height 23 m, diameter 1600 mm, flow 90,000 mc/h and
28,000 mc/h. The source is discontinuous. The major emitted pollutants are: particulate matter,
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NO2, NO3), sulfur dioxide.
- Source stainless steel T.T. line tunnel furnace - methane gas consumption 125 Nmc/h.
The source specific features are: height 21.27 m, diameter 780 mm, flow 2 x 11,200 mc/h. The
source is discontinuous. The major emitted pollutants are: particulate matter, carbon monoxide,
nitrogen oxides (NO2, NO3), sulfur dioxide.
- Source lacquer installation - The source specific features are: height 13 m, size 400 x
400 mm, flow 35,500 mc/h. The source is discontinuous. The major emitted pollutants are:
aliphatic hydrocarbons.
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For 2700 h/yr, the total emissions from this departament are: particulate matter 4.3 t, CO
50.38 t, NOx 38.3 t.
Diffuse sources are manual polarisations, pendulating, polarisations from mechanical
workshops, interior and exterior polarisation installations.
Section mill 16
- Source rotary hearth furnace with recuperating boiler it is a point source of pollution,
where the billet balls heating takes place. The used fuel is methane gas (5000 Nmc/h). There are
two stacks with the following characteristics: height 63 m and 31.5 m, respectively, diameter 2 x
2.8 m, flow 15,000 mc/h and 58,000 mc/h, respectively. It is a discontinuous source and operates
4100 h/yr. The major emitted pollutants are: particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides
(NO2, NO3), sulfur dioxide.
- Source tunnel furnace blank reheating smoke stack (in conservation) - methane gasconsumption 1400 Nmc/h. The source specific features are: height 28 m, diameter 600 mm, flow
10,200 mc/h. The source is discontinuous (4100 h/yr). The major emitted pollutants are :
particulate matter, CO, NOx, SO2.
Section mill 6/2
- Source rotary hearth furnace with recuperator boiler - methane gas consumption 2430
Nmc/h. The source specific features are: height 20 m, diameter 1000 mm, flow 50,000 mc/h.
Major emitted pollutants: particulate matter, CO, NOx, SO2. The source is discontinuous (5100
h/yr).
For a production capacity of 5100 h/yr, the air emissions are: particulate matter 3.3 t/yr,
CO 45 t/yr, NOx 24.7 t/yr.
- Source tunnel furnace comsumption of methane gas 600 Nmc/h. The source specific
features are: height 17.55 m, diameter 790 mm, flow 7100 mc/h. The major emitted pollutants
are: particulate matter, CO, NOx, SO2. The source is discontinuous (5100 h/yr).
For a production capacity of 5100 h/yr, the air emissions are: particulate matter 0.14 t/yr,
CO 0.021 t/yr, NOx 6 t/yr.
- Source reducing tunnel furnace The operation which takes place in this type of furnace
is thermic treatment, using methane gas (1300 Nmc/h). The height of the source is 20 m, the
diameter is 680 mm, and the flow is 28,000 mc/h. The major emitted pollutants are: particulate
matter, CO, NOx, SO2. The source is discontinuous (5100 h/yr).
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The annual emissions are: 0.1 t particulate matter, 0.623 t CO,0.5 t NOx.
- Source SM 3A Electric station The operation is accumulators charging. The height of
the source is 14 m, and the flow is 10,000 mc/h. Major emitted pollutant is sulfuric acid, emitted
with a flow of 7.1 g/h, with a determined concentration of 0.71 mg/mc. Other pollutants are:
particulatte matter, CO.
- Source billet debiting The performed operation is the welding operation. Major
emitted pollutants are: particulate matter, CO, NOx. The annual quantities are: 0.076 t particulate
matter, 0.190 t NOx, 0.114 t CO.
- Source pipes lacquer installations It is a ground diffuse source. The major emitted
pollutants are acetone (7.8 t/yr) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
- Source products marking It is also a ground diffuse source. The major emitted
pollutants are aliphatic hydrocarbons (2.49 t/yr).At immision, it was found that the major pollutants are particulate matter and NOx,
outrunning the intervention level and the alert level, respectively.
2.2.3 Soil and ground water pollution sources
The potential pollution sources for the soil and subsoil are: discharges, leaking and losses
of fuels or used oils, accidentals discharges, leaking and losses of concentrated chemical
solutions (sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, lime), dust and zunder depositions.The activities that unfold and are still unfolding on the factory site have an influence upon
the soil. Around the storage area of the oily zunder linked to the no. 1 horizontal zunder decanter,
there are leackings on the soil due to extraction operations from the decantation cells storage on
the platform and taking over from the platform - loading to the trucks for delivering to the final
waste dump.
The features of the main waste dumps are indicated in table no.2. Because of the storage
conditions of the wastes, the soluble pollutants from wastes can reach into the environment
through natural leaching due to the action of the rainfall.
Table no.2 - The main waste dumps
No.Waste dump
nameOccupied area (ha) Features
1. Oily zunder waste 0.075 - afferent to the no.1 horizontal
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dump
zunder decanter
- storage capacity 749 mc
- reinforced with concrete, open
2. Oily zunder wastedump 0.01
- afferent to the Section mill 6/2
horizontal decanter- storage capacity 180 mc
- reinforced with concrete
3.Clean zunder
dump0.103
- afferent to the Section mill 6/2
cyclone predecanter
- storage capacity 342.37 mc
- reinforced with concrete, open
4.Clean zunder
dump
0.256
- afferent to the GAIR - Section mill
6/2 cyclone predecanter
- storage capacity 512 mc- reinforced with concrete
5.Clean and oily
zunder dump0.026
- afferent to the no. 2 GAIR
- storage capacity 121 mc
- reinforced with concrete
6.Clean zunder
dump0.187
- afferent to the GAIR - Section mill
20 cyclone decanter
- storage capacity 281 mc
- reinforced with concrete
7. Lime sludge dump 0.0018- afferent to Section mill 16
- storage capacity 18 mc
The storage of oil petroleum products can be an uncontrolled pollution source for the soil
caused by working losses and through respiration. The storage of used and minetal oil is done
in closed metal casks or in 7 tanks x 20 t places in basement. The diesel oil is stored in 3
underground tanks x 25 t. On the site are also 6 unused tanks for mineral oils, a White spirt basin
(50 t), an oil basin 920 t) and a fuel oil dump (2000 t).
A special case is the Sludge and waste dump heap from Simionesti area, which iscomposed of two cells, with a maximum storage capacity of 22,440 mc for cell 1 and 91,728 mc
for cell 2. The annual waste quantity stored is 1870 mc for cell 1 and 7644 mc for cell 2. The
harmful industrial wastes (oily zunder) is stored in cell 1 and the internal chemical wastes
(sludge) in cell 2. The access/entry for the motor vehicles in the waste dump is done on a special
arranged road.
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The Simionesti waste dump is the main pollution source for soil and subsoil. The major
pollutants are: heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Zn, Cr,Cd), extractible substances and sulfates and
phosphates found in all leachate. The analysis of ground water samples from the factory site
shows outrunnings for the organic compounds (CCO-Cr) of aprox. 2.7-3 times, a relatively high
content of extractible substances, outrunnings for nitrates of aprox. 2.7-3 times, for sulfates of
aprox. 1.98-2 times and a relatively high content of sulfurs and hydrogen sulfide (outrunnings of
1-5.2 times) and fixed residue (maximum outrunning of 1.8-2 times).
2.3 Contaminants for surface water
The analysis results of the representative quality indicators for surface water are shown in
table no.3.
Table no.3 - Main quality indicators for surface water
No. Quality indicatorMeasured
concentrationAlert level
MAC* Order
1146/2002
Quality II
1 COD-Cr, mg O2/l 28.9 17.5 252 BOD5, mg/l 1.87 3.5 53 NO3-, mg/l 28.84 9.31 13.34 NO2-, mg/l 0.081 0.14 0.25 PO43-, mg/l 0.022 0.21 0.3
6 SO32-
, mg.l 232.5 105 1507 Cl-, mg/l 28.48 70 1008 Fixed residue, mg/l 1257.5 350 500
9Total Chromium,
mg/l0.02 0.0014 (total 0.035) 0.002 (total 0,05)
10 Total Iron, mg/l 1.2 0.07 0.111 Copper, mg/l 0.1 0.0014 (total 0.014) 0.002 (total 0,02)
12 Lead, mg/l 0.20.0007 (total
0.0035)0.001 (total 0,005)
*MAC maximum admissible concentration
2.4 Contaminants for ground water
The analysis results of the representative quality indicators for ground water are shown in
table no.4.
Table no.4 - Main quality indicators for ground water
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No. Quality indicatorMeasured
concentration
Alert
level
MAC*
Law of potable water no.
458/2002
1 COD-Cr, mg O2/l 14.79 3.5 52 NO3-, mg/l 154.305 35 503 PO43-, mg/l 0.0052 0.07 0.14 SO32-, mg/l 512.93 175 2505 Cl-, mg/l 51.44 175 max. 2506 S2- and H2S, mg/l 0.52 0.07 0.17 Fixed residue, mg/l 1607.5 560 max. 800
8 Total Chromium, mg/l 0.0250.03
50.05
9 Total Iron, mg/l 0.03 0.07 0.110 Copper, mg/l 0.78 0.07 0.1
11 Lead, mg/l 0.220.00
70.01
12 Zinc, mg/l 0.05 3.5 5*MAC maximum admissible concentration
2.5 Contaminants for soil
The analysis results of the representative quality indicators for soil are shown in table no.5.
Table no.5 - Main quality indicators for soil
No.
Quality
indicator
(mg/kg)
Normal
values
(mg/kg)
Alert
level
(mg/kg)
Maximum admissible
concentration
Order 756/1997 (mg/kg)
Determined
values
(mg/kg)
1
Extractable
compounds
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2.6 Contaminants for air
The analysis results of the representative quality indicators for air are shown in table no.6.
Table no. 6 - Main quality indicators for air
No. Quality indicatorMeasured
concentration
(mg/mc)
Alert level
(mg/mc)
MAC*Decree 592/2002
(mg/mc)
1 NOx 345 0.14 0.22 SO2 0.2 0.245 0.353 Particulate matter 16.8 (30 minutes) 0.035 0.054 NH3 0.2 0.0105 0.015 (STAS 1254-87)5 H2S 0.1 0.0105 0.015 (STAS 1254-87)
*MAC maximum admissible concentration
2.7 Likely contaminants for ecosystems
They are: petroleum hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, acetone.
When petroleum hydrocarbons (P.H.) are released directly to water through spills or leaks, certain
petroleum hydrocarbons fractions will float in water and form thin surface films. Other heavier fractions
will accumulate in the sediment at the bottom of the water, which may affect bottom-feeding fish and
organisms. Some organisms found in the water (primarily bacteria and fungi) may break down some of
the petroleum hydrocarbons fractions. P.H. released to the soil may move through the soil to the
groundwater. Individual compounds may then separate from the original mixture, depending on the
chemical properties of the compound. Some of these compounds will evaporate into the air and others willdissolve into the groundwater and move away from the release area. Other compounds will attach to
particles in the soil and may stay in the soil for a long period of time, while others will be broken down by
organisms found in the soil.
Carbon monoxide (CO) increases the amount of other greenhouse gases (methane), and eventually
oxidises into carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gases are linked to global warming. Very high levels of CO will
cause the same problems to birds and animals that are experienced by people, although these levels are
very unlikely to be encountered in the environment except during extreme events like bushfires. At high
levels, CO will cause illness (fatigue, gastric upset). At very high levels, carbon monoxide will be life-threatening. Long-term (chronic) exposure to low levels of CO may produce heart disease and damage to
the nervous system. Exposure of pregnant animals to CO may cause low birth weight, increased fetal
mortality and nervous system damage to the offspring.
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Even low concentrations of sulfur dioxide can harm plants and trees and reduce crop productivity.
Higher levels, and especially the acidic deposits from acid rain, will adversely affect both land and water
ecosystems.
Nitrogen dioxide helps form acid rain. In addition, this pollutant can cause a wide range of
environmental damage, including visibility impairment and eutrophication - that is, explosive algaegrowth, which can deplete oxygen in water bodies.
Acetone is mainly emitted to air. It can move from the atmosphere into the water and soil by rain
and snow, and it can quickly volatilise back into the air. Acetone is also capable of moving into the
groundwater from spills or landfills, where it can be degraded within days.
2.8 Likely contaminants for human health
They are: petroleum hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, acetone.
The compounds of P.H. in different fractions affect the body in different ways. Some of the P.H.
compounds, particularly the smaller compounds such as benzene, toluene, and xylene (which are present
in gasoline), can affect the human central nervous system. If exposures are high enough, death can occur.
Breathing toluene at concentrations greater than 100 ppm for more than several hours can cause fatigue,
headache, nausea, and drowsiness. When exposure is stopped, the symptoms will go away. However, if
someone is exposed for a long time, permanent damage to the central nervous system can occur. One
petroleum hydrocarbon compound (n-hexane) can affect the central nervous system in a different way,
causing a nerve disorder called "peripheral neuropathy" characterized by numbness in the feet and legs
and, in severe cases, paralysis. This has occurred in workers exposed to 5002,500 ppm of n-hexane in theair. Swallowing some petroleum products such as gasoline and kerosene causes irritation of the throat and
stomach, central nervous system depression, difficulty breathing, and pneumonia from breathing liquid
into the lungs. The compounds in some petroleum hydrocarbon fractions can also affect the blood,
immune system, liver, spleen, kidneys, developing fetus, and lungs. Certain petroleum hydrocarbon
compounds can be irritating to the skin and eyes.
Carbon monoxide is a product of incomplete combustion of natural or petroleum gas. At low
levels it may cause poor concentration, memory and vision problems, and loss of muscle coordination. At
higher levels (200 ppm for 23 hours), it may cause headaches, fatigue and nausea. At very high levels(400 ppm) the symptoms intensify and will be life-threatening after three hours. Exposure to levels of
1200 ppm or greater are immediately dangerous to life. Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin to
form carboxyhaemoglobin, reducing the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood. Long-term exposure to low
levels of CO may produce heart disease and damage the nervous system. CO is classified by the National
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Occupational Health Safety Commission Australia as a Category 1 reproductive toxicant (substance
known to cause developmental toxicity to humans).
When inhaled, sulfur dioxide irritates the nose, throat, and airways to cause coughing, wheezing,
shortness of breath, or a tight feeling around the chest. The effects are felt very quickly and most people
would feel the worst symptoms in 10 or 15 minutes after breathing it in. Those most at risk of developingproblems if they are exposed to sulfur dioxide are people with asthma or similar conditions.
Short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide may cause increased respiratory illness in young children
and harm lung function in people with existing respiratory illnesses. Long-term exposure may lead to
increased susceptibility to respiratory infection and may cause alterations in the lung.
Acetone is generally recognized to have low acute and chronic toxicity if ingested and/or
inhaled. Inhalation of high concentrations (around 9200 ppm) in the air caused irritation of the
throat in humans in as little as 5 minutes. Inhalation of concentrations of 1000 ppm caused
irritation of the eyes and of the throat in less than 1 hour. Acetone is not currently regarded as a
carcinogen, a mutagenic, chemical or a concern for chronic neurotoxicity effects. Acetone can be
found as an ingredient in a variety of consumer products ranging from cosmetics to processed and
unprocessed foods. Acetone has been rated as a Generally Recognized as Safe substance when
present in beverages, baked foods, desserts, and preserves at concentrations ranging from 5 to
8 mg/L.
Chapter 3. Environmental impact quantification
3.1 Method description
The Leopold matrix it is a two dimensional matrix cross-referencing: the activities
showed in this method are supposed to have an impact on man and the environment; the existing
environmental and social conditions that could possibly be affected by the project.
The environmental and social conditions are listed on the other axis, and divided in three
major groups:
physical conditions: soil, water, air;
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biological conditions: fauna, flora, ecosystems;
social and cultural conditions: land use, historical and cultural issues, populations,
economy.
The Leopold matrix proposes a three-step process to estimate the impact:
First step : for all the interactions considered significant by the authors, the first step is to
mark the corresponding boxes in the matrix with a diagonal line.
Second step : once the boxes with supposed significant interactions are slashed, the author
evaluates each box by applying a number from 1 to 10 to register the magnitude of the
interaction. This number is transferred to the upper left hand corner. It represents the scale of the
action and its theoretical extent.
Third step : the final step for this method is to mark , in the lower right hand corner, the real
importance of the phenomenon for the given project. It then gives an evaluation of the extent of
the environmental impact according to the assessor's judgement.
Once the matrix is established the EIA gives a precise description of each important impact in
the matrix (with the larger numerical values for magnitude and importance). The discussion must
also address columns and rows with large numbers of interactions. They show activities, or
elements, in connection with the environment which are particularly significant or sensitive.
The Leopold matrix proposes a framework for all developers but, on one hand, it is too
detailed for pulp and paper projects, and on the other not precise enough for such projects. It isgenerally more efficient to accommodate it as needed and to develop a customized matrix for the
project.
3.2 Working pinciples
The Leopold matrix is used to identify the potential impact of aproject on
the environment. The system consists of a matrix with columns representing the various activities
of the project, and rows representing the various environmental factors to be considered. The
intersections are filled in to indicate the magnitude and the importance of the impact of each
activity on each environmental factor.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project#Engineering_projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project#Engineering_projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment8/3/2019 proiect EMI - Robu
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The Leopold matrix method is settled up to evaluate the environmental impact and risk,
considering the main environmental components: surface water, ground water, air and soil. We
take into account the specific quality indicators for each environmental components considered in
evaluation process.
Considering the following environmental components: ground and surface water, soil and
air, the evaluation of environmental impacts is done using a matrix in order to calculate the
importance of each environmental component, potentially affected by the industrial activities.
The importance parameter can take values between 1 and 10; value 10 represents the most
important environmental component. These values are assigned by the evaluator to each
environmental component.
For Mittal Steel Roman were developed three matrices in the form of tables, where in
columns are placed the activities of three technological processes: rolling mill 6, mill 16 and
20 that can cause environmental impacts, while the lines represents the quality indicators of the
four enviromnental compounds: surface water, groundwater, soil and air.
In each cell of the matrix is palced a bar where:
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On top is pleaced a number from 1 to 10 indicate the magnitude of the impact
(value 10 represents the most important environmental component)
On left corner is written a number from 1 to 10 who indicate the importance of the
impactInteraction matrices for the three rolling mills are noted in next tables.
The main rolling processes for rolling mills 6 and 16 are:
A1 preparation of raw materials
A2 billets tickets weighing
A3 heating billets tickets
A4 drilling
A5 DUO rolling
A6 smoothing rolling
A7 calibration of pipes
A8 cooling of pipes
A9 straightening of pipes
A10 slicing of technological ends
A11 control and reshufle
A12 marking
MAC
1 432 5 6 8 97 10
Alertlevel
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Table no. 14 Interaction matrix of rolling mill 6 and 16
3.3 Results analyses
Observing the environmental impact values and comparing them with tabe no.9, one can
notice the following:
1) the rolling mill processes have a significant impact on the surface water, with many
values for EI >1000 (especially for heavy metals Cr, Fe, Cu, Pb), wich denotes a degraded
environment, not proper for life forms; thus, the wastewaters evacuated from the companys site
affects in a negative way the quality of Moldova river, even though they are prior treated in the
companys wastewater treatment plant.
2) the ground water is also classified as a degraded environment, with EI >1000, also forheavy metals (Cu, Pb) and sulfurs and with high values for nitrates, sulfates and organic
compounds, where EI is higher than 700 and lower 1000, indicating an environment modified by
industrial activities, dangerous for life forms;
3) the impact on air is also very high (EI >>1000 for NOx and particulate matter); also for
ammonia and hydrogen sulfide the values for EI are over 1000 and thus, an environment not
proper for life forms;
4) in the case of the environmental component soil, the value for extractable substances is
higher than 1000, but the other representative quality indicators the values vary between 100 and
350, for cadmium, indicating an environment modified by industrial activities within admissible
limits, and below 100 for most of the heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni), denoting a natural
environment, not affected by industrial activities.
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Chapter 4. Environmental management plan
Firstly, the activities at S.C. MITAL STIL S.A. Roman have a major negative impact on
the surface water, polluting the emissary (Moldova river) in a significant way. This happens even
though the wastewaters are treated on the site before discharging. In addition, the technological
wastewaters, after being locally pre-treated, are collected with the rainwater which can put in
motion some of the pollutants (slag, oily zunder, oil petrolium products). These waters are then
joint in the sewarage with the sanitary sewage, previously treated in the companys own
wastewater treatment plant. Finally, all these wastewaters are discharged in Moldova river.
Considering these aspects, it is important to refurbish the companys wastewater treatment plant
with emphasis on the performance of the equipments used for the retention of pollutants from
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technological and domestic wastewaters. If posible, a final wastewater treatment step should be
applied, so that the rainwater can also be treated before discharging.
Secondly, the soil and ground water are affected by the precipitations falling on the site,
collected and discharged togheter with technological wastewaters, without a treatment step before
being released into emissary. Also, the temporary storage of some wastes (slag, oily zunder etc.)
is not done properly on the site, as indicated in legislation in force (G.D. 856/2002, Law
426/2000). Therefore, the leakages from these dumps (containing heavy metals and oily
petrollium prodcuts), along with the effect of the rainfall, modify the environment, affecting soil
and ground water severly (large exceedances for COD and heavy metals for ground water and
extractable compounds and heavy metals for soil).
Thirdly, the major environmental impact of S.C. MITAL STIL S.A. is also caused by the
immisions in air (particulate matter and flue gases). Thus, it is recommended that the retentionequipments for these immisions to be enhanced.
In conclusion, the most important actions that need to be done for reducing the
environmental impact of S.C. MITAL STIL S.A. are:
- the refurbish of the wastewater treatment plant;
- implementing of a solution for retaining of the pollutants (slug, oily zunder, oil
petrolium products) on the site which can be put in move by the rainwater; e.g, with
dams or retention vats for tanks;
- improving the performance of the installations for particulate matter and flue gases
retaining;
- monitoring of water discharges, not only the feeding, so that the possible leakages
from the sewerage or the local treatment wastewater can be identified.
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Conclusions/discussions
Amplasamentul obiectivului evaluat, S.C. MITTAL STEEL S.A. Roman, este situat noseaua Roman Iai km. 333, cu sediul social n Str. tefan cel Mare nr. 246, Roman, jud.Neam, n bazinul hidrografic Siret, ntre satele Cordun i Simioneti i linia CF Roman Suceava, n zona limitrof a localitii Roman, la 5 km nord.
n cadrul S.C. MITTAL STEEL S.A. Roman domeniul principal de activitate const nproducia de tuburi din font i oel Cod CAEN 272, iar obiectul principal de activitate esteproducia de tuburi (evi) din oel Cod CAEN 2722. Pe lng activitatea principal Societateamai poate desfura n subsidiar i alte 118 activiti conform Hotrrii Adunrii GeneraleExtraordinare a Acionarilor, nr. 7 din 21 iulie 2005.
Activitatea principal o constituie producerea i comercializarea evilor din oel frsudur, laminate la cald, laminate sau trase la rece. Ca activitate secundar se poate menionacomercializarea de piese turnate din oel i piese prelucrate prin achiere.
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Pentru evaluarea impactului activitilor societii Mittal Steel Roman S.A.,cu ajutorulmatricei de interaciune Leopold s-au elaborat scri de acordare a notelor pentru magnitudine iimportan. Toate notele au fost trecute n cele trei matrici eleborate, care sunt de fapt tabele,unde n coloane sunt poziionate activitile celor trei procese tehnologice: laminor 6, laminor16 i laminor 20 care pot cauza un impact asupra mediului, n timp ce liniile reprezint
indicatorii de calitate a celor patru componente de mediu: ap de suprafa, ap subteran, sol iaer-imisii.Aa cum s-a prezentat exist ns unele riscuri de poluare a mediului datorate depirilor
concentraiilor maxime admisibile, pentru care s-au obinut cele mai mici note pentrumagnitudine. Astfel c cele mai mici note s-au acordat entru indicatorii de calitate:
- azotai i CCO-Cr, n cazul factorilor de mediu ap de suprafa i ap subteran;- substane extractibile n eter i Cd, n cazul solului;- pulberi n suspensie i azotai, n cazul aerului-imisii
Dup efectuarea calculelor pe coloan s-a constat c activitile: nclzirea biletelor deagl i lingouri; laminare DUO, netezitoare i laminare Pilger; probare hidrostatic i renclzireevi au un impact negativ asupra mediului.
n urma cuantificrii impactului asupra mediului cu ajutorul matricei lui Leopold seconstat faptul c activitile desfurate n cadrul societii Mittal Steel Roman au un efect, ce sencadreaz n limitele admisibile.
REFERENCES
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