1 PROGRESS REPORT 1 st SEMESTER (JANUARY – JULY 2014) THE ASSESSMENT ON BLUE SWIMMING CRABS (Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758)) FISHERIES IN NORTH COAST OF JAVA Research Center for Fisheries Manageent and Conservation (RCFMC) Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta-14430 for Indonesia Blue Swimming Crab Processors Association (APRI) Jl. KIG Raya Selatan Kav C-5, Gresik, Jawa Timur, Indonesia BACKGROUND • Crab fishery has contributed as one of the source livelihood of small-scale fishers in the North of Java since the 1970s and still exist seasonally until to date. An intensive fishing increased since the 1990s, this along with increasing international market demand (FAO, 2013). • Blue swimming Crabs (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) is economic important marine living resources in Indonesian, it ranked under tuna and shrimps. Kailola et al. (1993) and Ng (1998) stated that this species widely distributed in Indo-Pacific waters, West Indian and East Pacific Oceans. Sumiono (1997) and Sumiono et al. (2011) informed that Blue swimming Crabs in Indonesia distributed along the coastal area of east Sumatera, north of Java, South of Sulawesi, South and East Kalimantan. Among them, Jakarta and Cirebon Bays, Brebes, Rembang and Madura strait were the main fishing areas in the north coast of Java. • Antara News (1989) informed that several species of swimming Crabs in Indonesia, Portunus pelagicus is the highest export value species in form of picking, cooking, frozen or caning. The estimate export volume in 2012 is around 28,000 tons, which is commercially valued at around 330 million USD (Fauzi, 2013). FAO (2011) in Chu et al., (2012) mentioned that Indonesian annual production fluctuated during period of 1970 to 2008. • The annual production in 2008 estimated at around 34,000 tons and it contributed 20% of world production after China. Worldwide policy on sustaining fish for food (including blue swimming crabs) should consider safety, security and sustainability
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PROGRESS REPORT 1st SEMESTER (JANUARY – JULY 2014)
THE ASSESSMENT ON BLUE SWIMMING CRABS (Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758)) FISHERIES IN NORTH COAST OF JAVA
Research Center for Fisheries Manageent and Conservation (RCFMC)
Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta-14430
for
Indonesia Blue Swimming Crab Processors Association (APRI) Jl. KIG Raya Selatan Kav C-5, Gresik, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
BACKGROUND • Crab fishery has contributed as one of the source livelihood of small-scale fishers in the
North of Java since the 1970s and still exist seasonally until to date. An intensive
fishing increased since the 1990s, this along with increasing international market
demand (FAO, 2013).
• Blue swimming Crabs (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) is economic important
marine living resources in Indonesian, it ranked under tuna and shrimps. Kailola et al.
(1993) and Ng (1998) stated that this species widely distributed in Indo-Pacific waters,
West Indian and East Pacific Oceans. Sumiono (1997) and Sumiono et al. (2011)
informed that Blue swimming Crabs in Indonesia distributed along the coastal area of
east Sumatera, north of Java, South of Sulawesi, South and East Kalimantan. Among
them, Jakarta and Cirebon Bays, Brebes, Rembang and Madura strait were the main
fishing areas in the north coast of Java.
• Antara News (1989) informed that several species of swimming Crabs in Indonesia,
Portunus pelagicus is the highest export value species in form of picking, cooking,
frozen or caning. The estimate export volume in 2012 is around 28,000 tons, which is
commercially valued at around 330 million USD (Fauzi, 2013). FAO (2011) in Chu et
al., (2012) mentioned that Indonesian annual production fluctuated during period of
1970 to 2008.
• The annual production in 2008 estimated at around 34,000 tons and it contributed 20%
of world production after China. Worldwide policy on sustaining fish for food
(including blue swimming crabs) should consider safety, security and sustainability
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issues of its resources. Wall Mart, Costco Wholesale, Sam’s Club Whole Foods
Market and others (Crawford, 2013) adopted those mainstreams of world market
system. By 2020, it is expected that world buyers on fish product will only accept
products that have been eco-labeling certified issued by the Marine Stewardship
Council (MSC). There are wide spread informations available on the benefit of applied
best practices sustainable fisheries and its management plan. This ecolabelling
certification voluntarily proposed regarding issues on Fisheries Improvement Project.
• The annual world statistics on blue swimming crab production and within the last 5
years Indonesian (IDN) contribution were around 20%. (Figure 1)
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1972
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2012
ESTIMAT
ED LAN
DING
(x 100
0 TO
NS)
WORLD
IDN
Figure 1 The annual world and national landing of blue swimming crabs 1970 – 2012
Source : http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2629/en 16 November 2014
• Since 2014, RCFMC and APRI carried out a Blue swimming crab fisheries assessment
in the north coast of Java. Observation was carried out through collecting the
dependent and independent fisheries data.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of research project is to provide the present status of blue swimming
crabs fisheries in the Java Sea as a base line information on designing Harvest Control
Rules to support its Fisheries Management Plan.
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METHODS
Site locations Six site locations were selected as a major data base to collect the data. There are
distribute along the coast of north of Java and South of Kalimantan (Figure 2). Each
location has a different characteristics on fishing gear and its tactic and strategy on BSC
exploitation.
Figure 2. Site locations
Data collecting There are two types of data were proposed to collect during this research project.
First, dependent data on fisheries through regular weekly sampling in representative sites,
miniplant and collectors in the several landing bases i.e Jakarta, Cirebon, Demak,
Rembang, Sumenep (North coast of Jawa) and Sampit (South coast of Kalimantan) and it
consisted of length frequency, catch by type of gear, and effort characteristics. Secondly,
independent data through onboard sampling in a small-scale commercial fishing vessels
measuring size and catch compotition by gear by depth distribution, ecological related
species and possibly the occurrence of ETP species. Observation on oceanographic
parameters i.e. salinity, temperature and bottom substrate profiles and larval abundance.
Data Analysis
A simple model for tropical fish stock assessment will be applied on data analysis.
Several approach to describe stock status and its perspectives including production and
analytical model were used based on size, catch and effort data.
Java Sea
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Biological aspects Length – weight relationships
Length weight relationship was analyszed through carapace length and weight of
specimens. Regression analysis followed the formula of King (1995):
which :
W = weight (gram) a = (slope) L = carapace length (mm), b = constant
Average size at first maturity (Lm)
Size at first maturity, were estimated through a formula of King (1995)
Remarks:
PLm : proportion of size of specimen mature to immature, a and b : parameters.
Average length at first capture (Lc)
Length at first capture (Lc) by type of gear (collapsible trap, gillnet, trawl) were
calculated through selectivity approach on logictics function (Stewart & Ferrel, 2002). The
formula were as follows:
Remarks: r(l) = probalility retention l = carapace width a & b = constant
Biomass estimation from on board commercial fishing vessel
Stock density were calculated by using swept area method for mini bottom trawl,
(Saeger et al., 1976), with a formula of:
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Remarks:
D = stock density (kg/ km2) C/t = catch per hour (kg/jam) a = area swept by gear
e = escapement factor = 0,5 (Saeger et al., 1980 dalam Sparre & Venema, 1999)
v = vessel speed (knot) h = head rope length (m)
E = head rope opening = 0.5 (Pauly,1980 dalam Sparre & Venema, 1999)
1,852 = conversion mile to km 1.000 = conversion from meter to km Biomass estimation will be calculated by using a classic equation as follows :
B = D x A
Remarks:
B = biomassa (kg) D = stock density (kg/km2) A = area covered (km2) A general fishing power index will be determined based on catch by type of gear used and its characteristics to fish BSC. Spawning potential ration (SPR)
SPR can be calculated for different levels of Lc and F by dividing spawning stock
biomass under exploitation ( ) by pristine spawning stock biomass ( )
•Population parameters(L∞,K,to, Z,M,F,E)• Lm• Lc•Indices of stock abundance& recruitment•Est.Biomass & SSB•MSY•Genetic population•Mapping life cycle
Harvest control rule
Stock assesment
FISHERY MANAGEMENT AREA Harvest Strategy
Figure 3. General frame work of BSC research project
Field survey
Draft Report
Dissemination 2nd phase
2014 National Provincial District Crb Dmk Rbg Sum Sam Pas JaB Crb DmkJanuary x x x xFebruary x x x xMarch x x x x xApril x x x x xMay x x x xJune x x x xJuly x x x x x x xAugust x x x x xSept x x x x xOctober x x x x x x mid November x x x x xDecember x x x x x x x x x
January Final February FGD
expected output
Estimated MSY, fopt,
CPUE Fishing Power Index
annual fluctuation
seasonal variabil ity
data validatio
n
data processing
on going done
Achievement (%)
80 10 10 100 0 0 60 60 60
Remarks : Cr = Cirebon Pas = PasuruanL/W = length weight relation ship Dm = Demak JaB = Jakarta BayLm = estimated size at first mature Rb = RembangLc = estimated size at first capture Sum = SumenepCPUE = Catch per unit of effort Sam = SampitMSY = Maximum sustainable Yieldf opt = optimum effort
proposal 2015 -‐2016
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on schedule
Bio -‐reproduction (Sex ratio, Maturity, L/W, Lm and Lc,
growth parameters, mortality, Exploitation
rates, SPR, PSA
on going
esti Bo , S & T profi le,
Substrate, Larvae, Gear Selectivity
historical annual data 2000 -‐ 2012 catch and estimated effort
Statistic on capture fisheries
quarterly within last 5 years data
monthly within last 5 years data on catch and effort by gears
Enumerators on-‐board
Figure 4. Workplan and its on going achievement
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PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Landing site observation Since January 2014, local trained enumerators established to measure the biological
aspects such as carapace length, weight, sex and maturity stages. Validating processes
were done in March and July 2014. Fisheries data consisted of catch per trip by gear,
fishing ground were also collected from local fishers through interviewing.
• Three type of fishing gear were used during survey, they are mini bottom trawl,
collapsible trap and bottom gillnet.
Fisheries data • Data consisted of gear description, catch rate and its composition, fishing areas.
Information on environmental condition on substrate, depth, salinity, temperature,
dissolved oxygen and crabs larvae also observed.
• Field identification blue swimming crabs species referred to Ng (1998) and Sumpton et
Megalopa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 32 REFERENCES Brower, J.E., J.H. Zar & C.N.V. Ende. 1990. Field and laboratory method for general
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Central Pacific. Vol. 2. Cephalopods, Crustaceans, Holothurians and Sharks. FAO, Rome, Italy
Gloerfelt-Tarp, T. & P. Kailola. 1985. Trawled fish of the southern Indonesia and northern Australia. ADAB –GTZ-DGF Indonesia : xvi + 406 p.
Fischler, KJ & C.H Walburg. 1962. Blue crab movement in coastal South Carolina, 1958-59. Trans. Am.Fish. Soc. 91:275-278.
Fischer,W & P.J.P. Whitehead, 1974. FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fishery Purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean and Western Central Pacific. FAO-UN Rome.
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Ravi R & M.K Manisseri. 2012. Survival Rate and Development Period of the Larvae of Portunus pelagicus (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae) in Relation to Temperature and Salinity. FAJ(49):1-8.
Smith H. 1982. Blue Swimmer Crabs in South Australia – their Status, Potential and Biology. Safic. 6(5):6-9.
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APPENDIX 1. Larvae of BSC (stadia zoea 1, zoea 2, zoea 3, zoea 4 and megalopa) caught in Cirebon and adjacent waters, July 2014