Progress and perspective of maize molecular breeding in China Jiansheng Li National Maize Improvement Center China Agricultural University
Progress and perspective of maize molecular breeding in China
Jiansheng LiNational Maize Improvement Center
China Agricultural University
Outline of Presentation Maize production in China Introduction of national maize
improvement center Progress of molecular breeding with
marker technology. Perspective of molecular breeding
Chinese maize belt
A slope long narrow regions from northeast to southwest
Each dot equal 50 thousands hectares
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
1978
1980
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Year
p
l
a
n
t
a
r
e
aRice wheat maize
Planting areas of three major crop in past three decades
Maize becomes the number one crop since 2007
Total output of three major crops, 2009
rice
maize
wheat
34% of total
cereals in China
Data from national bureau of statistics, 2010
163.9 MT
151.1 MT 195.1 MT
Trend of grain yield per hectare
Genetic improvement makes a great contribution to increase production
National Maize Improvement CenterGeneral Information
The center was founded by Agricultural Ministry of China in 1998. The government invested about US $
1.2 millions, another 1millin last year. The center is a national research,
service, and training organization。
Staff Member
Nine full professors Five associated professors Nine technicians About 20 Ph. D. students About 30 Mast D. students
Maize Research Building
4th floor: Molecular Genetics Labs
3rd floor: Genetic Engineering Labs
2nd floor: Quality Analysis Labs
1st floor: Seed Labs
3600 M2
Research Areas
Germplasm Enhancement Applied gene engineering Applied molecular genetics Maize Genomics Maize Breeding
Germplasm Enhancement
To create maize novel germplasm for hybrid maize breeding, such as high-oil, high-starch
To enhance genetic basis of germplasm by introducing exotic germplasm
5个群体含油量选择比较
3
7
11
15
19
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
选择世代
含油量%
BHOAIHORYDSyn.D.OKYGHO
Fig. Development of High oil maize populations
PCA plot of four subpopulations in 527 lines
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
-0.9 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3
PC 2
(6.9
%)
PC1 (18.2%)
SS
NSS
TST
Mixed
527 maize lines (CIMMYT 235; China 238; GEM 54)GoldenGate Array-1536 SNPs
Applied Genetic Engineering
A high-efficiency system for maize transformation has been established.
The Bt gene, being resistant to maize borer, has been transferred into elite inbred lines.
Application molecular genetics
To map some interesting genes and QTL which control important traits with molecular markers. To develop molecular markers for
marker assistant selection in breeding.
Traits Publication
Agronomy Plant height Euphytica 155:117-124
Grain yield Molecular Breeding, 20:41-51
Disease resistance
Resistance to stalk rotResistance to head smut
TAG 117:1241–1251
Quality High oil TAG 120:665–678
Pro-VA Nature Genetics, 42: 322–327
Forage Quality
Crop Science.
Mapped QTL for important traits in center
Hybrid maize breeding
The conventional breeding methods combined with marker technology are becoming major approaches.
The traits breeders focus on are grain yield, stress tolerances, and maturity.
Planting areas of hybrids released from NMIC
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
年份
累计推广面积(单位:万亩)
In past decay, hybrids released from NMIC were extended for 200 m hectares per year on average in China.
years
Accumulated planting areas of hybrids released from center
Progress of molecular breeding in maize
A project of maize molecular breeding was funded by S&T ministry of China, 2006-2010.
Institutes: CAU, CAAS, Sichuan AU, Henan AU, Jilin CAAS, Shandong CAAS.
Purpose: to develop molecular markers associated with agronomy traits, and to use them to improve hybrids
LCYElycopene
δ-carotene
α-carotene
LCYB
crtRB3
zeinoxanthin
lutein
CYP97C
ABA
crtRB1
LCYB
β-cryptoxanthin
γ-carotene
β-carotene
LCYB
zeaxanthin
crtRB
GGPP
PSYPDSZ-ISOZDS/CRTISO
Harjes C et al, 2008, Science
Fu ZY (付志远)TAG, 2010
Yan JB and Kandianis C et al, 2010, Nature Genetics
Zhou Yi (周毅)
I I D D D D D D
PSY1 5’InDel
LCYE
crtRB1
PSY1
crtRB1 5’TE crtRB1 D4 crtRB1 3’TE
PSY1 SNP7
341bp293bp
48bp
crtRB3 SNP2239
PCR based friendly markers are available for the genes
A single cross:DE3/By815
Kernel W/100 34gKernel No. 35Row No. 14.4Grain Yield 8.8T/hPro-VA 6.63 ug g-1
A major QTL-qLA1-1 for plant architecture on Chromosome 1
Donor: YU82 RP: CHANG7-2 CHANG 7-1 BC4F1
umc1292
umc22257.8
umc11661.5
umc22265.4
bnlg18036.7
dupssr24.3
qLA1-12.1
bnlg14843.2
bnlg4392.8
phi3390178.2
bnlg18664.3
umc21717.8
Chr.1 Chr.2 Chr.3 Chr.4 Chr.5
Chr.6 Chr.7 Chr.8 Chr.9 Chr.10
Ten QTL for nitrogen efficiency in maize genome
umc1422
bnlg1064umc2032umc1635umc1065
bnlg1329phi127bnlg1633mmc014
umc1536
bnlg1141umc1230bnlg1520umc1525umc1736bnlg1893umc1207phi42743qHSR1umc2184umc2077umc2214
QTL
Bin2.09
IDP171
b0351K12
Mo17 BAC
300kb ~50 genes
QTL analysis Fine-mapping
Major resistant QTL for Head Smut
umc1293
umc1319
umc2018
umc1863
bnlg1079
umc1336
rfg1umc2349
bnlg2336
umc1246
phi062
umc1053
umc2350
umc1115
umc1678
umc1280
Bin10.4
QTLAI857162SR
umc2349
umc1246
AI861111SR
umc2350
bnlg2336
AI8571626SR
1 3 5 7 9 11 13
phi062
QTL analysis
Fine-mapping
Major resistant QTL for Stalk Rot
B73/By804 RIL, F7
Phenotyping 223 F7:8 B73/By804 RIL
Two years (2005,2006),Beijing;
Materials
Marker NumberSSR 202STS 17 Candidate gene
CAPS 7 Candidate gene
SNP 2 Candidate gene
Total 228 Candidate gene
chr 1 chr 2 chr 3 chr 4 chr 5umc2105umc2101
1.0
umc22566.2
bnlg114420.8
umc101221.6
phi03612.3
bnlg163824.6
umc16556.9
mmc01324.7
umc16832.4
phi0532.6
sad70047.4
dupssr234.1
gat510.1
umc24082.6
bnlg19714.2
bnlg16054.6
umc13990.5
phi04625.7
umc1491umc1253
0.7
umc10975.7
phi02419.2
umc203614.4
umc211512.8
umc144716.1
umc16925.7
umc23737.7
umc122110.5
umc202611.4
bnlg123723.5
f22a12.9
phi0857.8bnlg23058.7
umc214321.9
aca5.5
phi96100
umc126516.2
kt27.2
umc151832.3
umc142214.5
umc177616.6
umc203224.7
phi083bnlg108
3.2
u4
5.1
umc1635
0.1
umc1003phi092
2.9
umc1065
2.9
nc003
4.6
pap4
0.1
umc2372
1.7
C9_3
3.9
mmc0271
23.1
kass2
13.7
umc1551
11.9
bnlg1520
4.3
apat5
6.1
phi101049
21.7
umc1017
phi21398427.6
phi09624.0
phi0266.5
bnlg12173.0
bnlg17554.2
umc12999.0
m13.1
bnlg22919.2
bnlg11898.4
umc14669.7
dupssr280.1
bnlg21624.3
umc22868.8
bnlg10237.0
umc153217.6
umc164916.7
umc1177
bnlg1429
38.1
umc140320.2
fad837.0
mcat811.9
phi001umc1598
2.3
umc2217
5.2
bnlg1811
4.5
Y7AC
0.7
bnlg2086
7.9
bnlg1884
2.7
umc2112
10.7
umc2228
7.6
umc1626
15.5
umc2232
9.1
umc1988
5.9
umc1122
18.1
bnlg400
4.7
bnlg1556f6a
4.8
umc1955
23.4
umc2047
21.1
ols1
3.6
phi308707
8.1
umc1553
13.6
umc1605
18.5
umc2100
0.7
umc1725
5.9
phi064
11.5
oil16:0 18:0 18:1 18:2
phi118umc205310.3
umc133713.6
phi05014.4
umc13671.9
umc20160.7
bnlg16552.8
umc1336umc2180
0.2
phi062
3.5
MZETC34
2.0
umc2163umc1506
10.0
bnlg1082
9.1
umc2122
1.6
umc1933
8.8
umc1196
7.1
umc1645
15.2
umc1139umc2042
1.8
umc10756.2
umc130423.0
phi1196.2
bnlg208216.6
umc13600.4
bnlg18633.7
phi1151.1
phi1001750.3
umc1735phi121
1.5
bnlg2046
2.3
umc1130
2.7
umc1562
0.8
umc1141
14.2
CA25
0.1
umc1960
1.9
umc1149
0.1
sad2702
4.9
umc1724
10.0
umc1268
7.6
umc1673
14.6
umc1663
8.0
phi080
1.5
umc1069phi015
0.2
bnlg1131
4.4
umc2208phi07510.2phi1260.7umc175314.1zct4260.3umc23142.4bnlg3910.6umc11330.4umc23130.4umc11950.8YISSR0.2umc15955.9Q85.5umc19798.8nc0107.1umc110511.9umc17958.3umc20069.2umc23191.8phi1290.2bnlg16170.2umc16140.8acda60015.5nc01313.0bnlg17327.6umc21628.4phi29985213.7umc205925.9
umc1241umc1695
5.7
mmc01718.3
phi03430.9
umc14090.9
umc14330.6
bnlg17920.1
phi09118.0
atf20.7
umc111212.4
umc233223.1
phi3281750.8
dupssr131.9
CA334.3
kass5001B0.3
umc11257.6
umc219712.1
phi0825.4
kb1phi028
1.5
umc1588umc2362
1.1
phi017
1.2
Q2
0.7
umc1170
1.4
dupssr6
0.7
bnlg244
13.7
bnlg1401
0.7
umc1037
5.6
umc2213
5.3
umc2337
6.3
phi065
0.6
fae2
2.0
umc1258
0.9
umc1688
2.3
umc1743
0.4
umc1654
7.3
umc2119phi032umc1771
1.5
umc1519
0.2
umc1094
0.4
umc1078
0.4
umc1471
12.2
umc1794
6.0
bnlg1525
26.5
bnlg1904
37.2
chr 6 chr 7 chr 8 chr 9 chr 10
Results of Oil QTL mapping
18:2
16:018:018:1
oil18:2
16:018:018:1
oil18:2
16:018:018:1
oil
chr 9 chr 6 chr 1
LOD profiles of main QTL for fatty acid and oil concentrations
Pa9 (16:0) 45.5% st6-1 (18:0) 22.4% ol6 (18:1) 27.1%
li1-1 (18:2) 19.1% oil1 15.9%
Trait QTL action Numberh2(%)
range subtotal$ % of each trait16:0 major 1 42 42.0 53.9
minor 7 0.8-9.1 23.3 30.0epistatic 6 0.4-6.1 12.6 16.1total* 77.9
18:0 major 1 15.0 15 24.3minor 5 1.3-9.3 38.4 62.2epistatic 5 1.5-2.0 8.3 13.5total* 61.7
18:1 major 1 27.7 27.7 41.3minor 8 0.7-9.0 32.7 48.7epistatic 4 0.5-2.5 6.7 10.0total* 67.1
18:2 major 1 48.3 48.3 65.7minor 8 0.7-6.3 17.5 23.8epistatic 7 0.5-1.6 7.7 10.5total* 73.5
Oil major 1 15.7 15.7 26.0minor 8 1.5-8.4 39.6 65.4epistatic 2 1.3-3.9 5.2 8.6total* 60.5
Genetic Basis for Fatty Acid Compositions and Oil Content
Major and minor QTL as well as epistasiscontribute to fatty acid compositions and oilcontent in high-oil maize.
Three largest effect QTL were located onchromosome 1,6 and 9.
Conclusion of high oil QTL mapping
umc1177
bnlg1429
umc2217
bnlg2086
umc2232umc1122
umc1955
phi308707
phi064
0
38.1
74.7
87.8
133.4
157.4
190.3
223.1
273.3
Two Targeted Genomic Regions for MAS
Chromosome A (%) R2 (%)
Chr.1 0.48 15.7Chr.6 0.35 8.4
Chr.1umc2208
Y1SSR
Q8
bnlg1732
umc1979
umc1105
umc1614
phi299852
umc2059
0
30.1
41.5
115.9
50.3
69.3
89.8
138
163.9
Chr.6
By804 Zheng58 / Chang7-2X
F1 X
XBC1
BC2
BCn
X
Donor Recurrent Parents
MAS
Zheng58 / Chang7-2
Zheng58 / Chang7-2
Zheng58 / Chang7-2
Protocol for MAS-BC
ASK DGAT MVGNMIFWFFFSIVGQPMCVLLYEFO9B DGAT MVGNMIFWFF-SIVGQPMCVLLY
65.1
54.3
43.4
32.5
21.7
10.8
0.0
F value
DGAT1 - 2
DGAT1 - 2acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase
F469
Favorable AlleleTTC Insertion
Peizhong Zheng et. al, Nat Genet. 2008
1 15 30 33 45 60 63 75 81
Fig HO06 marker among high oil lines and normal lines
F469 code No F469 code
High oil 33(1-33)
Normal 18(64-81) 69份
Function marker for DGAT1-2
3.14
3.74
3.69
3.97
3.79
4.65
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
chang7-2 zheng58
oil co
nten
t (%
)
-/-
-/+
+/+
Variation of oil contents in BC6 F2
unc191
M53-1
M3
7K314
M5
M26-8
umc19
BC6_chang7-2_chr6 1 1 3 3 3 1 1
BC6_zheng58_chr6 1 1 3 3 3 1 1
3.82
4.65
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
-/- +/+
oil c
onte
nt (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
grain
weig
ht (g
)
oilcontent
grainweight
135 138
Oil content and grain weight in iso-genetic hybrids
Compared with normal Zhengdan958, the oil content increased 0.83%, grain weight had not changed
PerspectiveMolecular markers: From SSR to SNP,
High-through put SNP markers will be widely used.
Traits: From simple to complex,More complicated traits will be focused on for increasing grain yield.
Genome wide selection will be conducted in molecular breeding.
Challenge To train maize breeders with advanced
techniques in order to fill the gape between genetics and breeders.
To enhance the communication between public sections and seed industries in order to support the development of domestic seed companies.
AcknowledgeProfessor: DAI JR; XU ML; LAI JS;CHEN SJ; JIN WW
Dr. Jianbing Yan; Dr.Xiaohong Yang
863 High-Tech ProjectNature Science Fund of China