PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES IN ACHIEVING THE MDGs IN EAST ASIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA.pdf

8/7/2019 PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES IN ACHIEVING THE MDGs IN EAST ASIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA.pdf

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PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES INACHIEVINGTHE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

IN EAST ASIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA

ESCAPPresentation13July2010,Shanghai

The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the viewsor policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of

Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included inthis paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may notnecessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

Syed

Nuruzzaman


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Progress in achieving the MDGs with afocus on education, health and environment.

Key Challenges and Options: The bigPicture

Key Challenges and Options: Some

Sectoral Perspectives


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Region as a whole has achieved or is achieving

some targets but not others

Disparities across sub-regions and countries in

progress towards achieving the goals

Disparities within countries

New challenges posed by economic crisis

Uneven and mixed progress


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Impressive regional progress

Asia-Pacific as a whole has achieved

targets in:Halving proportion of people without access to safedrinking water

Reducing gender disparities in primary & tertiary

educationStopping the spread of HIV & AIDS, TB

and is on track to:Halve extreme poverty (by $1.25-a-day poverty line)Provide universal access to primary schoolAchieve gender parity in secondary education


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Large scale deprivation remains

Asia-Pacific is home to:

1.3 billion rural population without basic sanitation (or over 70% of

worlds total rural population)98 million children under 5 years suffering from malnutrition(equivalent to 70% of worlds children under-five)


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East and North-East Asia, proportion ofreported indicators for which countries are

off track


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Uneven progress across sub-regions


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AP 94 percent of children enrolled in primary education

East Asia will reach the goal of universal education by 2015

New & Innovative ways - Mongolia's tent schools

However, trends have been mixed for primary education

- In East Asia, enrolment rates went down since 1990- In South-East Asia, an initial decline in 1990s was

followed by marginal increase

Achieving Universal PrimaryEducation


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Maternal mortality ratios


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South-East Asia, proportion of reported

indicators of which countries are off track


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Ratio of under-five mortality rates, girls to boysRatio of under-five mortality rates, girls to boys


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Under-5 Child morality by wealth

quintile, selected countries


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Relationship between a motherseducation and child survival


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Under-five mortality rural-urban ratesselected countries

Under-five mortality rural-urban ratesselected countries


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Under-5 mortality is consistently higher among mothers who

did not finish primary schooling across countries

Less-educated mothers, higher child

mortality


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Asia and the Pacific as a whole poor record

In East Asia, growth brought rapid increase in CO2emission from 2.9 billion metric tons 1990 to 6.1 billionmetric tons in 2005

Largest CO2 emission per unit of GDP

Over the same period, CO2 emission tripled inSoutheast Asia from 0.4 to 1.2 billion metric tons

However, per capita emission still much lower than thatof in developed countries

Environmental Sustainability


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In Southeast Asia, coverage increased from 50% in 1990to 67% in 2006

In Southeast Asia, population without access tosanitation came down to 219 million in 1990 to 187 in2006

156 million people gained access, making it possible forSEA to reach 2015 target

In 4 of the 11 SEA countries, coverage is less than 60percent

In EA, access to safe drinking water and sanitation ishigh except in Mongolia and DPRK

Sanitation facilities


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In SEA, access to drinking water went up from 73% in 1990 to 86%in 2006, yielding an additional 165 million people

Number of people without access fell by 41 million from 119 millionto 78 million

Was close to reaching the target in 2006

Only 3 countries in SEA had coverage less than 75% In EA, Mongolia is the only country that has 40% of its people

without access to piped water

In rural area, it is only 20%

In China, situation is under stress due to rapid economic growth andurbanization

Desertification is also a huge problem

Safe Drinking Water


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Growth not sufficiently pro-poor: inequality rising

Rebalancing growth in light of post GFC

Sub-national disparities Hunger spots: how to eliminate these?

Gender inequality: unfinished agenda e.g. representation in policymaking

Huge gap in secondary education: not conducive to creating aknowledge economy

Serious environmental stress: greening growth

Huge infrastructural weaknesses in LDCs and LLDCs

Service Delivery: needs a comprehensive approach

Social protection: extremely patchy

Weak agency: state and non-state actors

Key Challenges and Options:

The Big Picture


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Universal Primary Education

Financing gap

Policy and planning Data gaps

Capacity strengthening

Integrated approaches

Key Challenges and Options:

Some Sectoral Perspectives


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Health

Health Systems strengthening: policy environment,financing, elimination of user fees, HRD

Integration and synergy across MDGs

Continuum of care

Addressing the underlying social determinants

Prioritize regions and social groups

Partnerships

Community-based care and involvement

Access to health information

Social Health Protection


Sectoral Perspectives (contd)


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Environmental Sustainability: CO2, Water and

Sanitation

Positive economic incentives in reducing CO2 emission:

REDD mechanism Reliable and affordable energy

Promoting energy efficiency

Financing gaps

Climate change: a new development paradigm




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Improved drinking water Going beyond urban sector and involving the private sector

Harnessing the power of partnerships: global initiatives andpartnerships

Pay greater attention to institutional and governance issues

Addressing the critical gaps Reaching the unserved population in rural areas

Water quality, reliability and increased piped connections

Reverse decreasing coverage in urban areas

Financing

Greater private investment to off-track countries

Better knowledge of all water expenditures

Key Challenges and Options: SomeSectoral Perspectives (contd)


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Sanitation Scaling up demand driven approaches

Behaviour interventions

Create customer awareness, knowledge andunderstanding to increase uptake of latrine building and

use Develop capacity of new sanitation industry

Allow private sector participation

Public-private-NGO partnerships Better inter-ministerial coordination

Political will




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Thank you.

PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES IN ACHIEVING THE MDGs IN EAST ASIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA.pdf

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