Programming Techniques and Skills for Advisory Leaders Ralph Prince and Roger Rennekamp, Ph.D. University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service.

Programming Techniques and Skills for Advisory Leaders

Programming Techniques and Skills for Advisory Leaders

Ralph Prince and Roger Rennekamp, Ph.D.University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service

Common ElementsCommon Elements• Developing Linkages with the Public• Planning—assessing, prioritizing, and

designing• Implementation of plans• Evaluation—measuring program

results

• Developing Linkages with the Public• Planning—assessing, prioritizing, and

designing• Implementation of plans• Evaluation—measuring program

results

Developing Linkages with the Public

Developing Linkages with the Public

• Formal *advisory councils, boards,

*committees, commodity groups

*task forces

• Informal *day to day visits

*intentional visits

• Formal *advisory councils, boards,

*committees, commodity groups

*task forces

• Informal *day to day visits

*intentional visits

PlanningPlanning

• Situation Analysis

• Identifying Program Opportunities

• Priority Setting

• Program Design

• Situation Analysis

• Identifying Program Opportunities

• Priority Setting

• Program Design

Situation AnalysisSituation Analysis• Existing Data *Internet sites, other organizations

• Resident Perspectives *community forums, focus groups, key informant interviews, surveys, media scans

• Current Research & Knowledge * “bottom up”—clients, communities * “top down”—specialists, base programs, issues

• Existing Data *Internet sites, other organizations

• Resident Perspectives *community forums, focus groups, key informant interviews, surveys, media scans

• Current Research & Knowledge * “bottom up”—clients, communities * “top down”—specialists, base programs, issues

Planning

Questions to Ask to Gain Residents’ Perspectives

Questions to Ask to Gain Residents’ Perspectives

• What are the positive and negative characteristics of the community?

• What are the most pressing issues and problems confronting residents?

• What strengths and resources reside within the community for addressing these issues and problems?

• What barriers prevent residents from addressing these issues and problems?

• How can Extension help address the issues and problems through educational programming?

Planning

Situation Analysis cont.Situation Analysis cont.

• Existing Data *Internet sites, other organizations

• Resident Perspectives *community forums, focus groups,

key informant interviews, surveys,

media scans

• Current Research & Knowledge * “bottom up”—clients, communities

* “top down”—specialists, base programs, issues

• Existing Data *Internet sites, other organizations

• Resident Perspectives *community forums, focus groups,

key informant interviews, surveys,

media scans

• Current Research & Knowledge * “bottom up”—clients, communities

* “top down”—specialists, base programs, issues

Planning

Some Questions to Ask about the Situation:

Some Questions to Ask about the Situation:

• Why is this issue a problem?• How severe is the problem?• What are the costs associated with the problem?• Do we have the resources to fix the problem?• Who else is (has been) working on the problem? Our

mission?• What are implications for not addressing the problem?• What are the benefits for solving the problem?• Who are the primary and secondary audiences to

address?• What is the total number in the target audience?• What is the total number that could be reached?

• Why is this issue a problem?• How severe is the problem?• What are the costs associated with the problem?• Do we have the resources to fix the problem?• Who else is (has been) working on the problem? Our

mission?• What are implications for not addressing the problem?• What are the benefits for solving the problem?• Who are the primary and secondary audiences to

address?• What is the total number in the target audience?• What is the total number that could be reached?

Planning

Identifying Program Opportunities Baseline Data →Needs Identification →Intended Outcomes

Identifying Program Opportunities Baseline Data →Needs Identification →Intended Outcomes

Resident Perspectives

Existing Data Sources

Current Research and

Knowledge

Facilitated Dialogue

Program Opportunities

Planning

Priority SettingPriority Setting• Present data

• Move to a list of program opportunities

• Setting priorities techniques

*simple voting

*multi-voting

*100 votes

*nominal group technique

• Present data

• Move to a list of program opportunities

• Setting priorities techniques

*simple voting

*multi-voting

*100 votes

*nominal group technique

Planning

Possible Priority Setting Criteria Questions

Possible Priority Setting Criteria Questions

• The relative importance of the issue.• The number of people affected.• Political environment.• History, i.e., Has this been addressed in the

past? Are there implications from other programs?

• Ability of Extension to respond.• Interests of County Extension Council members.• Culture of the county and communities.• Efforts of other organizations and agencies.

Planning

Program DesignProgram Design

• Program plan

• Design teams

• Program Logic models

inputs → outputs → outcomes

• Questions to ask

• Putting it all together

• Program plan

• Design teams

• Program Logic models

inputs → outputs → outcomes

• Questions to ask

• Putting it all together

Planning

Program Design QuestionsProgram Design Questions• What changes in social, economic, or

environmental conditions will the program produce? That is, what are the long-term outcomes of our program?

• If such changes in conditions are to be realized, what must people do differently in terms of practices or behaviors?

• If people are to change their behaviors or practices, what must they know? What skills must they possess? How must their attitudes or opinions change? What must they aspire to?

Planning

Program Design Questions Cont

• Who is the audience that the program is intending to reach? What are the characteristics of the intended audience? (There may be more than one target audience.)

• What activities or learning experiences will be most effective in producing the outcomes desired for each target audience?

• What resources are required to implement the learning experiences planned?

Program ImplementationProgram ImplementationFour Elements

• Resource Management

• Program Management –humans, tasks, fiscal matters, risks

• Marketing—mail, media, community postings

• Collaboration

Four Elements• Resource Management

• Program Management –humans, tasks, fiscal matters, risks

• Marketing—mail, media, community postings

• Collaboration

Program EvaluationProgram EvaluationEstablishing criteria, collecting evidence,

making judgments and communicating findings

• Evaluation—value or worth of the program

• Interpretation—what does it mean

• Communication—who needs to know

Establishing criteria, collecting evidence, making judgments and communicating

findings

• Evaluation—value or worth of the program

• Interpretation—what does it mean

• Communication—who needs to know

Process Evaluation(how was the implementation)

vs.Outcome Evaluation

(what were the results)

Process Evaluation(how was the implementation)

vs.Outcome Evaluation

(what were the results)

Program Evaluation

The Evaluation PlanThe Evaluation Plan• Begins in program design• Evaluation questions• Indicators• Methods• Timeline

• Begins in program design• Evaluation questions• Indicators• Methods• Timeline

Program Evaluation

Evaluation MethodsEvaluation Methods• Tests• Questionnaires• Surveys• Observations• Record reviews, activity logs• Physical evidence• Focus groups• Case studies

• Tests• Questionnaires• Surveys• Observations• Record reviews, activity logs• Physical evidence• Focus groups• Case studies

Program Evaluation

Questions to Ask about Your Evaluation PlanQuestions to Ask about Your Evaluation Plan

• What do we want to know about the process?

• What do we want to know about the results?

• What were/are our intended outcomes?• What will we measure?• How will we measure it?• Who needs to know the findings?

• What do we want to know about the process?

• What do we want to know about the results?

• What were/are our intended outcomes?• What will we measure?• How will we measure it?• Who needs to know the findings?

Program Evaluation

The Evaluation Plan, cont.The Evaluation Plan, cont.

• Begins in program design• Evaluation Questions• Indicators• Methods• Timeline

• Begins in program design• Evaluation Questions• Indicators• Methods• Timeline

Program Evaluation

Communicating Evaluation Results

Communicating Evaluation Results

• Interpretation

• Marketing

• Interpretation

• Marketing

Program Evaluation

IN CONCLUSION IN CONCLUSION Common Elements

• Developing Linkages with the Public

• Planning

• Implementation

• Evaluation