Programming Languages and Frameworks Overview · • Visual Studio is the Integrated Development Environment ... Programming language called Swift that is the ... (included with Visual

Hans-PetterHalvorsen,M.Sc.

ProgrammingLanguages

&Frameworks

O.W

idder.(2013).g

eek&

poke.A

vailable:http

://geek-and-poke.com

RequirementsAnalysis

Design

Implementation

Testing

Maintenance

Planning

TheSoftwareDevelopment

Lifecycle

Implementation

C/C++

C#

Python

VisualBasic

Java

Objective-C

PHP

Ruby

Perl

MATLAB LabVIEWSwift

http://redmonk.com/sogrady/2015/01/14/language-rankings-1-15/

PopularProgrammingLanguages

1JavaScript2Java3PHP4Python5C#5C++5Ruby8CSS9C10Objective-C

11Perl11Shell13R14Scala15Haskell16Matlab17Go17VisualBasic19Clojure19Groovy

http://redmonk.com/sogrady/2015/01/14/language-rankings-1-15/

Top20

OOP• OOP– ObjectOrientedProgramming• Object-orientedprogramming(OOP)isaprogramminglanguagemodelorganizedaround"objects"ratherthan"actions"anddataratherthanlogic.

• ThefirststepinOOPistoidentifyalltheobjectsyouwanttomanipulateandhowtheyrelatetoeachother,anexerciseoftenknownasdatamodeling(UML,ClassDiagrams)

• Onceyou'veidentifiedanobject,yougeneralizeitasaClass

• Arealinstanceofaclassiscalledan“object”oran“instanceofaclass”.

OOP• ImportantfeatureswithOOPare:– ClassesandObjects– Inheritance– Polymorphism– Encapsulation

• Java,Python,C++,VisualBasic.NETandC#arepopularOOPlanguagestoday.

• Simulawasthefirstobject-orientedprogramminglanguage.– Simulawasdevelopedinthe1960sbyKristenNygaardfromNorway(UniversityofOslo).

– SinceSimula-typeobjectsarereimplementedinC++,JavaandC#theinfluenceofSimulaisoftenunderstated.ThecreatorofC++(1979),BjarneStroustrup(fromDenmark),hasacknowledgedthatSimulawasthegreatestinfluenceonhimtodevelopC++.

ProgrammingLanguages&Frameworks

ProgrammingLanguages• C,C++• Java• C#• Objective-C• Swift• VisualBasic,VB.NET• Perl• Python• PHP• JavaScript• …

• MATLAB• LabVIEW• …

IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironment(IDE)

• ProgrammmingLanguagesvs.IDE• OneIDEcanhandlemultipleLanguages

• C#• Java• Objective-C/Swift• LabVIEW

• VisualStudio• Eclipse• Xcode• LabVIEW

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Px-GHPxB4I

.NETvs.Java

Java

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=HXvm76e2X1Q

Hans-PetterHalvorsen,M.Sc.

ProgrammingLanguages

IDE

VB.NET

C#C

F#

C++

JavaScript

J#

TheVisualStudioIDEisactuallywritteniC++/C#

C• Cisageneral-purposecomputerprogramminglanguagedevelopedbetween1969and1973byDennisRitchieattheBellTelephoneLaboratoriesforusewiththeUnixoperatingsystem.

• CisoneofthemostpopularprogramminglanguagesofalltimeandthereareveryfewcomputerarchitecturesforwhichaCcompilerdoesnotexist.

• Chasgreatlyinfluencedmanyotherpopularprogramminglanguages,mostnotablyC++,whichbeganasanextensiontoC.

• Cisaprocedurallanguage,i.e.noobject-orientedprogramming.Cisacompiledlanguage.

C++• C++isacompiled,general-purposeobject-orientedprogramminglanguage.Itisregardedasanintermediate-levellanguage,asitcomprisesacombinationofbothhigh-levelandlow-levellanguagefeatures.

• ItwasdevelopedbyBjarneStroustrupin1979asanextensiontoC.

• C++isoneofthemostpopularprogramminglanguagesanditsapplicationdomainsincludesystemssoftware(suchasMicrosoftWindows),applicationsoftware,devicedrivers,embeddedsoftware,high-performanceserverandclientapplications,andentertainmentsoftwaresuchasvideogames.

• SeveralgroupsprovidebothfreeandproprietaryC++compilersoftware.

C++

http://www.digi.no/932591/c-oppfinneren-tildelt-norsk-it-pris

C#

• C#ispronounced“seesharp”.• C#isanobject-orientedprogramminglanguageandpartofthe.NETfamilyfrom

Microsoft.• ThemostrecentversionisC#4.5.1anditispartofVisualStudio2013.• C#isintendedtobeasimple,modern,general-purpose,object-oriented

programminglanguage.ItsdevelopmentteamisledbyAndersHejlsberg.• C#isverysimilartoC++andJava.C#isdevelopedbyMicrosoftandworksonlyon

theWindowsplatform.• C#isbasedonthe.NETFramework(pronounced“dotnet”).• .NETisasoftwareframeworkthatrunsprimarilyonMicrosoftWindows.The

.NETFramework1.0andC#1.0wasreleasedin2002aspartofVisualStudio.NET2002.

• VisualStudioistheIntegratedDevelopmentEnvironment(IDE)youusewhenprogramminginC#andthe.NETplatform.

Objective-C• Objective-Cisageneral-purpose,high-level,object-orientedprogramminglanguagethatisbasedontheCprogramminglanguage.

• ItisthemainprogramminglanguageusedbyApplefortheOSXandiOSandtheirrespectiveAPIs,CocoaandCocoaTouch.ApplehavereleasedanewProgramminglanguagecalledSwiftthatisthenewrecommendedlanguageforiOS/OSXDevelopment

• Originallydevelopedintheearly1980s,itwasselectedasthemainlanguageusedbyNeXTforitsNeXTSTEPoperatingsystem,fromwhichOSXandiOSarederived.

Swift

Java• Javaiscurrentlyoneofthemostpopular

programminglanguagesinuse,andiswidelyusedfromapplicationsoftwaretowebapplications.

• JavaapplicationsaretypicallycompiledanditrunsonanyJavaVirtualMachine(JVM)regardlessofthecomputerarchitecture.

• Javaisageneral-purposeobject-oriented.Itisintendedtoletapplicationdevelopers“writeonce,runanywhere”.

• AcommonIDEforprogrammingwithJavaistheEclipseIDE.

• JavaandEclipseareusedtocreateAndroidApps.

PHP• PHPisaserver-sidescriptinglanguagedesignedforwebdevelopmentbutalsousedasageneral-purposeprogramminglanguage.

• PHPcodeisembeddedintotheHTMLsourcedocumentandinterpretedbyawebserverwhichgeneratesthewebpagedocument.

• PHPisnowinstalledonmorethan244millionwebsitesand2.1millionwebservers,e.g.,Facebook.com

• PHPcanbedeployedonmostwebserversandasastandaloneinterpreter,onalmosteveryoperatingsystemandplatformfreeofcharge.

http://www.digi.no/for_utviklere/2015/06/13/feiret-20-ar-med-php-basert-webutvikling

Hans-PetterHalvorsen,M.Sc.

Frameworks

Softwareframeworksincludesupportprograms,compilers,codelibraries,toolsets,andapplicationprogramminginterfaces(APIs)

Programming/SoftwareFramework

ProgrammingLanguage

APIs

Libraries

Tools

Framework• FrameworksmakesiteasiertocreateSoftware

• YoucancreateyousoftwareusingexistingFrameworks

• Ifyouarecreatinglargesoftwaresystems,youshouldinadditioncreateyourownFrameworks(codereuse,moremodular,etc.)

Programming/SoftwareFramework

• .NETFramework• ASP.NET (partof.NET)– usedforWebDevelopment

• ASP.NETAJAX• RubyonRails(WebApplicationFrameworkfortheRubyProgrammingLanguage)

• CocoaFramework(MacOSX,iOS)• ...• ...hundreds

.NETFramework

• AProgrammingFrameworkfromMicrosoft

• C#,VB.NET,VisualStudio• CLR(CommonLanguageRuntime)

• Released2002

.NETFramework• The.NETFramework(pronounced“dotnet”)isasoftware

frameworkthatrunsprimarilyonMicrosoftWindows.• Itincludesalargelibraryandsupportsseveralprogramming

languageswhichallowlanguageinteroperability(eachlanguagecanusecodewritteninotherlanguages).

• The.NETlibraryisavailabletoalltheprogramminglanguagesthat.NETsupports.

• Programswrittenforthe.NETFrameworkexecuteinasoftwareenvironment,knownastheCommonLanguageRuntime(CLR),anapplicationvirtualmachinethatprovidesimportantservicessuchassecurity,memorymanagement,andexceptionhandling.

• TheclasslibraryandtheCLRtogetherconstitutethe.NETFramework.

• Thelatestversionof.NETFrameworkis.NETFramework4.5.1(includedwithVisualStudio2015)

.NETFramew

ork

Wikipedia.(2013)..NETFramework.Available:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework

ASP.NET• ASP.NETisaserver-sideWebapplicationframeworkdesignedforWebdevelopmenttoproducedynamicWebpages.

• ItwasdevelopedbyMicrosofttoallowprogrammerstobuilddynamicwebsites,webapplicationsandwebservices.

• ItwasfirstreleasedinJanuary2002withversion1.0ofthe.NETFramework,andisthesuccessortoMicrosoft'sActiveServerPages(ASP)technology.

• ASP.NETisbuiltontheCommonLanguageRuntime(CLR),allowingprogrammerstowriteASP.NETcodeusinganysupported.NETlanguage.

Wikipedia. (2013).ASP.NET.Available:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP.NET

WebServer

ASP.NET

C#/VB.NET

.NETFramework

WebBrowser

HTML JavaScript

Server-side

Client

ASP.NET

CSS

Theserver-sideASP.NETpagesareconvertedontheservertoHTMLpagesbeforeitissenttotheclient

ASP.NETisusedtocreatedynamicwebpages

WebSites

ASP.NET

C#/VB.NET

.NETFramework

ASP.NETWebPages

ASP.NETWebForms

ASP.NETMVC

ASP.NET– DifferentwaysofcreatingWebSiteswithASP.NET

http://www.asp.net

Youcanuse(atleast)3differentapproacheswhencreatingWebSiteswithASP.NET

Exercise– Programming

• ListtheProgramminglangaugesandframeworksyouhavebeenusing

• Whathaveyouusedthemfor?

Summary

33

References• Wikipedia.(2013)..NETFramework.Available:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework• Wikipedia.(2013).ASP.NET.Available:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP.NET• I.Sommerville,SoftwareEngineering:Pearson,2010.• S.Adams.Dilbert.Available:http://dilbert.com• O.Widder.(2013).geek&poke.Available:http://geek-and-

poke.com• B.Lund.(2013).Lunch.Available:http://www.lunchstriper.no,

http://www.dagbladet.no/tegneserie/lunch/

Hans-PetterHalvorsen,M.Sc.

UniversityCollegeofSoutheastNorwaywww.usn.no

E-mail:[email protected]:http://home.hit.no/~hansha/