Programa Global de Conservacion de Recursos Geneticos SIRGEALC Quito 2011

Conservacion de parientessilvestres: una iniciativa global

Julian Ramirez-Villegas, Nora Castañeda, Colin Khoury, Andy Jarvis

Contenido

• Por que?

• La estrategia

• Colaboradores

Por qué?: 1. Hay que alimentar el mundo, con menos combustible, misma cantidad

de tierra, y en un mundo cambiante…

2. …un mundo donde la agricultura esvulnerable

Cambios proyectados en aptitudclimatica de las tierras agrícolas, 50 cultivos, 2050s

• 2. …un mundo donde la agricultura esvulnerable

Fuente: Lobell et al. (2008)

Proyeccion hacia 2030

3. Los parientes silvestres son fuentesde genes para la agricultura

3. Son fuente genetica para agricultura

• Use: 39% resistencia plagas; 17% estres abiotico; 13% rendimiento

• Citaciones: 2% <1970; 13% 1970s; 15% 1980s; 32% 1990s; 38% >1999

234 papers cited

Maxted and Kell, 2009

4. Ellos mismos estan amenazados por el cambioclimatico

Cambio en riqueza de especies silvestres proyectada a 2050

5. Ademas, estan mal conservados

De approx. 260,000 accesiones, solo 4,453 son silvestres

Ejemplo con frijol silvestre:

De 85 taxa, 35 NO ESTAN en ningun banco de germoplasma, y 26 tienen <10 accesiones...

Fuente: Ramirez-Villegas et al. (2010)

La estrategia

The Svalbard Global Seed Vault

Credit: Kitsune Noir/FLICKR

La estrategiaDefinimos especies prioridad, y nos organizamos… hecho!

Colectamos y analizamos datos para decidir que, donde, y cuando debemos colectar… en proceso

Coordinamos con NARs y vamos al campo a colectar

Especies y acervos prioritarios

http://www.cwrdiversity.org/species_list.php

Investigacion: colectamos y analizamosdatos…

EURISCO CGIAR USDA

Aun necesitamos conectarnos con… China, India, South-east Asia, Central Asia

El sistemapublico

Definimos que debecolectarse?

Species Sampling (%) Coverage (%) Distribution (%) Outlier (%) Rarity Score

albiviolaceus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

amabilis 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

chacoensis 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

diversifolius 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

elongatus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

fraternus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

laxiflorus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

micranthus 10.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

mollis 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

nitensis 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

opacus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

pachycarpus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

texensis 10.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

trifidus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

xolocotzii 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

anisophyllus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

oaxa canus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

pauper 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

plagiocylix 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

rosei 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

sonorensis 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

falciformis 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

marechalii 6.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

rotundatu s 6.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

salicifolius 3.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

altimontanus 7.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

esquincensis 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

novoleonensis 5.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

tenellus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

albiflorus 10.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

macrolepis 8.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

reticulatus 2.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

jaliscanus 1.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

macvaughii 3.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

magnilobatus 3.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

venosus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

carteri 7.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

formosus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

polymorphus 2.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

esperanzae 8.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

perplexus 1.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00

polystachios 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 8.3 0.45

amblyosepalus 0.0 0.0 0.0 N/A 10.0 1.00

nelsonii 0.0 0.0 0.0 N/A 10. 0 1.00

pluriflorus 1.4 1.3 2.5 N/A 10.0 2.56

pedicellatus 0.9 2.7 3.3 0.0 9.5 2.56

angustissimus 0.5 1.2 6.7 0.6 6.1 2.83

grayanus 5.2 2.0 4.0 0.0 7.5 3.72

parvulus 1.3 5.0 5.0 0.0 8.6 3.82

tuerckheimii 1.5 10.0 0.0 0.0 8.2 3.86

pauciflorus 0.2 4.0 6.7 N/A 10.0 4.27

lunatus 3.9 3.3 5.6 3.9 8.9 4.47

parvifolius 4.5 2.2 5.0 N/A 10.0 4.50

filiformis 1.6 5.6 6.7 0.0 9.9 4.66

maculatus 2.2 4.4 8.0 1.0 9.1 4.89

talamancensis 1.1 10.0 4.0 2.0 7.1 4.97

leptostachyus 2.9 6.5 6.7 0.0 9.9 5.32

glabellus 5.3 6.0 4.0 N/A 10.0 5.60

pachyrrhizoides 8.8 6.5 2.9 0.0 6.7 5.77

costaricensis 2.3 10.0 6.0 1.1 8.0 5.96

coccineus 4.8 8.1 5.7 0.0 9.7 6.06

oligospermus 3.4 10.0 5.0 10.0 9.5 6.51

hintonii 7.7 4.3 7.5 N/A 10.0 6.86

microcarpus 5.9 8.6 6.7 0.0 9.8 6.86

acutifolius 6.4 8.3 8.0 0.0 9.9 7.30

augusti 7.4 10.0 4.3 10.0 9.5 7.49

neglectus 5.3 10.0 6.7 N/A 10.0 7.60

vulgaris 8.7 9.9 5.4 3.8 7.4 7.76

dumosus 5.3 10.0 8.6 6.0 8.8 7.89

xanthotrichus 8.4 10.0 5.7 10.0 9.0 8.19

chiapasanus 9.0 9.5 7.5 N/A 10.0 8.80

zimapanensis 8.8 10.0 10.0 N/A 10.0 9.63

… tambien cuando, y donde

Fechas en que se alcanzala madurez o la floracion

Frijol silvestreRamirez-Villegas et al. (2010)

Ayres (2011)

Para 13 acervos de importancia global

Colectamos!

Conservamos

Caracterizamos

Usamos

Colaboradores

Adapting Agriculture to Climate ChangeCollecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives

Adaptando la Agricultura al Cambio ClimaticoColectando, Protegiendo y Preparando los parientes silvestres

GRACIAS!www.cwrdiversity.org