program hibah desa

8/18/2019 program hibah desa

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LAPORAN PENELITIAN

KONFLIK ETNIS MYANMAR

(STUDI EKSISTENSI ETNIS ROHINGYA DITENGAH

TEKANAN PEMERINTAH )

Oleh:

Anna Yulia Hartati SIP MA

NPP!"#!"$!$!""%"

PROGRAM STUDI HU&UNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNI'ERSITAS AHID HASYIM SEMARANG

"$*

KONFLIK ETNIS MYANMAR

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(STUDI EKSISTENSI ETNIS ROHINGYA DITENGAH TEKANAN

PEMERINTAH )

Oleh :

ANNA YULIA HARTATI, S.IP, MA

Karya Il!ah "elah #!"er!a #a$ #!%yah&a$ %e'aa! %alah %a" %yara" $"&

e*er+leh &e$a!&a$ e$a$ -$%!+$aL a&a#e!&

#! Fa&l"a% Il S+%!al #a$ Il P+l!"!&

U$!er%!"a% /ah!# Ha%y! Seara$

D!%yah&a$ +leh :

A$#! Pr0+$+, S.IP, M.S!

NPP.2.1.1.23

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A&STRAKSI

Pe$el!"!a$ !$! e$#e%&r!*%!&a$ a&ar &+$-l!& e"$!% #! Mya$ar #a$ a*a #a*a&

#ar! &+$-l!& "er%e'". K+$-l!& e"$!% !$! el!'a"&a$ #a e"$!% ya!" e"$!% %l!

R+h!$ya #a$ E"$!% 5#ha Ra&h!$e. K+$-l!& !$! e$ye'a'&a$ R!'a$ +ra$

e$6+'a $"& elar!&a$ #!r! %e"!a* "ah$ &e 5a$la#e%h, Malay%!a #a$ "e*a"

la!$ #! &a0a%a$ !". Mere&a e$6+'a elar!&a$ #!r! &are$a ha&7ha& ere&a ya$

#!"!$#a% &are$a &era *a&%a #a$ *e$!$#a%a$. A&ar *era%alaha$ &+$-l!& e"$!% !$!

'!%a #!l!ha" #ar! "!a leel ya!" leel %!%"e!& ya$ e$ya"a&a$ %!&a* *eer!$"ah

Mya$ar #a$ a#a$ya &+$%*!ra%! #e$a$ *!ha& a%!$, leel D+e%"!& ya$

e$ya"a&a$ &+$#!%! *eer!$"aha$ Mya$ar ya$ #!*!*!$ +leh $"a !l!"er, #a$leel *er%e*%! ya$ e$ya"a&a$ 'ah0a E"$!% R+h!$ya !r!* #e$a$ +ra$

5e$al!. K+$-l!& !$! e$!'l&a$ el+'a$ *e$$%! 'e%ar7'e%ara$ #a$

a%alah &ea$%!aa$ #a$ e$$#a$ rea&%! a%yara&a" !$"er$a%!+$al %er"a P55

ya$ "r$ "a$a$ e'a$" *e$yele%a!a$ &+$-l!& e"$!% ya$ %e#ah 'erla$%$

6&* laa. Pe$el!"!a$ !$! e$$a&a$ e"+#e *e$el!"!a$ #e%&r!*%! &al!"a"!-.

Da"a7#a"a %e&$#er #!*er+leh elal! %"#! #+&e$"er, ya&$! elal! aalah,

%ra" &a'ar, '&7'& #a$ %'er7%'er la!$ ya$ 'erh'$a$ #e$a$ "+*!&

*e$el!"!a$ !$!.

Ka"a &$6!: K+$-l!& E"$!%, *eer!$"aha$ $"a, *e$$%!

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KATA PENGANTAR

A%%ala9ala!& /r. /'.

P! %y&r *e$l!% *a$a"&a$ &eha#!ra" Allah S/T ya$ "elah

el!*ah&a$ raha" %er"a h!#ayah7Nya, %eh!$a %eala ha'a"a$ #a$

*era%alaha$ ya$ a#a #ala e'a" *e$el!"!a$ !$!, #a*a" "erla*a! #e$a$

'a!&.

Pe$el!"!a$ ya$ 'er#l : KONFLIK ETNIS MYANMAR(STUDI

EKSISTENSI ETNIS ROHINGYA DITENGAH TEKANAN PEMERINTAH)

!$!, *e$l!% 'a" #ala &r$ 0a&" 2 (e*a") 'la$, #e$a$ #a"a7#a"a ya$ %aya

*er+leh #ar! *er*%"a&aa$, !$"er$e" a*$ %'er la!$ ya$ relea$.

Pe$l!% e$6a*&a$ "er!a &a%!h a"a% 'a$"a$ *!ha&7*!ha& ya$

'er&a!"a$ #e$a$ *e$el!"!a$ !$!, a $"& *!ha& U$!er%!"a% /ah!# Ha%y!

Seara$ ya$ "elah e'a$" *e$el!"!a$ !$! %a*a! *e$l!% '!%a

e$yele%a!&a$$ya.

Se+a ha%!l *e$el!"!a$ !$! #a*a" 'era$-aa" #a$ '!%a e$a'ah 0a6a$a

'a! *e!$a" a%alah7a%alah !$"er$a%!+$al. T!#a& a#a a#!$ ya$ "a& re"a&,

*e$el!"!a$ !$! $&!$ ah #ar! %e*r$a. U$"& !" %ara$ #a$ &r!"!& ya$

e'a$$ a&a$ *e$l!% "er!a #e$a$ la*a$ #a#a #a$ &e!&hla%a$.

/a%%ala9ala!& /r./'.

Seara$, 1 Pe'rar! 418

Pe$el!"!

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DAFTAR ISI

Halaa$ #l.................................................................................................. !

Le'ar Pe$e%aha$ ........................................................................................ !!

A'%"ra&%!...........................................................................................................

!!!

Ka"a Pe$a$"ar..................................................................................................

Da-"ar I%!........................................................................................................... !

I#e$"!"a% #a$ Pe$e%aha$..................................................................................

5A5 I PENDAHULUAN............................................................................. 1

A. La"ar 5ela&a$.................................................................................... 1

5. R%a$ Ma%alah ........................................................................... 8

;. Kera$&a Pe!&!ra$............................................................................ 8

5A5 II METODOLOGI PENELITIAN .................................................. 1<

A. Me"+#e #a$ ;ara Pe$el!"!a$................................................................ 1<

5. Te&$!& Pe$a'!la$ Da"a................................................................... 1<

;. Te&$!& A$al!%a Da"a............................................................................ 13

5A5 III HASIL DAN PEM5AHASAN........................................................ 1=

A. Searah e"$!% R+h!$ya ...................................................................... 1=

5. S!&a* Peer!$"ah Mya$ar................................................................ 4

;. K+$-l!& E"$!% R+h!$ya #a$ E"$!% Ra&h!$e........................................ 41

1. A&ar Pe$ye'a' K+$-l!&... ............................................................... 48

4. Da*a& K+$-l!& E"$!% Mya$ar ........................................ .......... 84

5A5 I> KESIMPULAN ................................................................................. 82

DAFTAR PUSTAKA........................................................................................ 8?

LAMPIRAN............................................................................................ .......

83

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IDENTITAS DAN PENGESAHAN

1. a. #l Pe$el!"!a$ : K+$-l!& E"$!% Mya$ar (S"#! E&%!%"e$%!

E"$!% R+h!$ya D!"e$ah Te&a$a$

Peer!$"ah Mya$ar)

'. 5!#a$ Il : S+%!al P+l!"!&

4. Pe$el!"!

a. Naa Le$&a* #a$ Gelar : A$$a Yl!a Har"a"!, S.IP, MA

'. e$!% Kela!$ : Pere*a$

6. G+l+$a$ Pa$&a" #a$ NPP : III5 2.1.1.@

#. a'a"a$ F$%!+$al : D+%e$ Le&"+r

e. Fa&l"a% Pr+ra S"#! : ISIP H'$a$ I$"er$a%!+$al

-. P%a" Pe$el!"!a$ : LP8M

Seara$, 1 Pe'rar! 418

Me$e"ah!,

De&a$ Pe$el!"!

A$#! Pr0+$+, S.IP, M.S! A$$a Yl!a Har"a"!, S.IP,MA NPP. 2.1.1.23 NPP. 2.1.1.@

Me$ye"!,

Ke"a LP8M

U$!er%!"a% /ah!# Ha%y! Seara$

Th+l&a"l Kh+!r, M.A

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NIP.1=


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414 'ah0a Mya$ar "a& $&!$ e'er!&a$ &e0ara$earaa$ &e*a#a

&el+*+& R+h!$ya ya$ #!a$a* !!ra$ ela* #a$ *el!$"a% 'a"a% #ar!

5a$la#e%h !".

A&ar &+$-l!& ya$ la!$ a#alah a#a$ya &e6e'ra$ "erha#a* e"$!%

R+h!$ya. P+*la%! e"$!% M%l! R+h!$ya #ala 'e'era*a #a%a0ar%a !$! "er%

e$!$&a". Te$" %aa, hal !$! e$ye'a'&a$ &e6r!aa$ #a$ &e6e'ra$ *a#a

e"$!% ay+r!"a% Ra&h!$e. 5a! ere&a, &e'era#aa$ e"$!% R+h!$ya *$ %a$a"

$&!$ #!a$a* &er!&!l #ala %e*a", ya&$! %e%a" ya$ "er% e$a$.

Ke'era#aa$ e"$!% R+h!$ya #!a$a* e$ra$! ha& a"a% laha$ #a$ e&+$+!,

&h%%$ya #! 0!layah Ara&a$, Ra&h!$e ya$ e$a#! *%a" &eh!#*a$ e"$!%

M%l! !$!.

Sea"!$ya R+h!$ya "!#a& "e*a" #!%e'" Ce"$!% &are$a &a"a !" er*a&a$

la'el *+l!"!% ya$ #!$a&a$ $"& e*era$&a$ &e'era#aa$ &el+*+&

"er%e'" #! Mya$ar. 5e'era*a %eara0a$ Mya$ar e$a"a&a$ 'ah0a $aa

R+h!$ya 'ar $6l *a#a "ah$ 1=@7a$, %e"elah &eer#e&aa$ Mya$ar. Lal,

%!a*a %e'e$ar$ya ere&aB

Dala 6a"a"a$ P55, R+h!$ya ha$ya #!%e'" %e'aa! *e$##& M%l!

ya$ "!$al #! Ara&a$, Ra&h!$e, Mya$ar. Dar! %#" &e'aha%aa$, 'aha%a ya$

#!&la! %e'aa! 'aha%a R+h!$ya %e'e$ar$ya "era%& &e #ala r*$ 'aha%a

I$#+7Er+*a, &h%%$ya &era'a"' aha%a I$#+7Arya. Le'!h #e"a!l la!, 'aha%a

R+h!$ya #!&a"e+r!&a$ %e'aa! 'aha%a7'aha%a ;h!""a+$!a ya$ #!""r&a$ +leh

a%yara&a" #! 'a!a$ "e$ara 5a$la#e%h. See$"ara !", &e'a$ya&a$ 'aha%a #!

Mya$ar "er+l+$ r*$ Ta! Ka#al, A%"r+a%!a"!&, a"a S!$+7T!'e"a$. a#!,

ela% 'ah0a &el+*+& e"$!% R+h!$ya er*a&a$ &e"r$a$ e"$!% 5e$al!,

&h%%$ya %'7e"$!% ;h!""a+$!a ya$ "!$al #! 5a$la#e%h "e$ara.Pera%alaha$ e"$!% R+h!$ya %er!$ e$a#! %+r+"a$ e#!a !$"er$a%!+$al

la! #ar! *e$$%!a$ 'e%ar7'e%ara$ &e 5a$la#e%h h!$a !$%!#e$

"e$ela$ya &a*al *e$a$&" *e$$%! ya$ el!'a"&a$ a$&a"a$ la"

Tha!la$#. Da$ &!$!, "era#! &+$-l!& %e&"ar!a$ ya$ %a$a" e$6ea%&a$ a$"ara

e"$!% M%l! R+h!$ya #a$ *e$a$" 5#ha #! $eara 'a!a$ Ra&h!$e. Se$"!e$

a$"!7M%l! #! Mya$ar "elah 'erla$%$ 'era'a#7a'a#. Kl!" e"$!% R+h!$ya

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ya$ le'!h ela* e'a" ere&a #ah #!&e$al!. Se6ara -!%!& #a$ '#aya,

ere&a ea$ le'!h !r!* #e$a$ +ra$7+ra$ 5e$al!.

5a#a$ Pe$$%! P55 (UNH;R) e*er&!ra&a$ 3. R+h!$ya

h!#* #! $eara 'a!a$ Ra&h!$e #! %e'ah *e$$a$ Mya$ar ya$ 'er'a"a%a$

#e$a$ 5a$la#e%h. R!'a$ +ra$ e$6+'a $"& elar!&a$ #!r! %e"!a* "ah$ &e

5a$la#e%h, Malay%!a #a$ "e*a" la!$ #! &a0a%a$ !". Mere&a e$6+'a elar!&a$

#!r! &are$a ha&7ha& ere&a ya$ #!"!$#a% &are$a &era *a&%a #a$ *e$!$#a%a$.

&! Ru.u-an Ma-alah

Pe$el!"!a$ !$! $"& e$a0a' *era%alaha$ #! Mya$ar "er&a!" &+$-l!& e"$!%

a$"ara e"$!% R+h!$ya #a$ e"$!% Ra&h!$e ya$ 'er$ *a#a "!$#a&a$ &e&era%a$

#a$ *e$$%!a$ 'e%ar7'e%ara$ e"$!% R+h!$ya &e $eara la!$ #a$ a

&e"!#a&'er*!ha&a$ *eer!$"ah *a#a e"$!% R+h!$ya, %eh!$a ha&7ha&$ya "!#a&

#!'er!&a$ 'ah&a$ &e'era#aa$ya "!#a& #!a&! +leh *eer!$"ah.

1. Me$a*a "era#! &+$-l!& e"$!% #! Mya$ar ya$ el!'a"&a$ #a e"$!% ya!"

e"$!% R+h!$ya #a$ e"$!% Ra&h!$eB

4. A*a #a*a& #ar! &+$-l!& e"$!% "er%e'"B

/! Keran,+a &er0i+ir

Pe$el!"!a$ !$! e$$a&a$ &era$&a 'er*!&!r K+$-l!& e"$!% ya$

#!&e&a&a$ +leh M!6hael E. 5r+0$. Se"elah *era$ #!$!$ 'era&h!r #e$a$

*e6ah$ya U$! S+!e", 'a$ya& *!ha& 'erhara* 'ah0a a%a7a%a *er#aa!a$ a&a$

#a"a$. 5e'era*a ahl! #! #ala !l7!l %+%!al 'ah&a$ 'er*e$#a*a", 'ah0a

%earah %#ahlah 'era&h!r #e$a$ 'era&h!r$ya *era$ #!$!$. Searah 'era&h!r

#e$a$ &ee$a$a$ #e+&ra%! #a$ l!'eral!%e.Para *e!*!$ #$!a e!*!&a$ %e'ah "a"a$a$ #$!a 'ar ya$

a&r #a$ #aa!. Ta"a #$!a 'ar !$! a&a$ e$6eah %e"!a* 'e$"& *e*era$a$,

e%!" #! #ala e$a$a*! 'er'aa! 'e$6a$a ala, #a$ %e6ara a&"!- ela&&a$

*eera"aa$ %'er #aya #e! &ea&ra$ %elrh 'a$%a.1 Sea hara*a$

1 M!6hael E. 5r+0$, C;a%e% a$# I*l!6a"!+$% +- E"h$!6 ;+$-l!6", #ala The

Ethnicity Reader. Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and Migration, Guibernau dan

John Rex (eds, Grea" 5r!"a!$, P+l!"y Pre%%, 1==


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"er%e'" "!#a& *er$ah e$a#! &e$ya"aa$ -a&"al. 5e'era*a "ah$ 'ela&a$a$ !$!,

#$!a #!0ar$a! #e$a$ 'er'aa! &+$-l!& e"$!% ya$ el!'a"&a$ 'eraa

&e*e$"!$a$ *+l!"!& #a$ e&+$+!.

Pa#a 'e'era*a &+$-l!&, %&ala &e&era%a$ ya$ "era#! 'e!" 'e%ar, #a$

'ah&a$ #a*a" #!%e'" %e'aa! e$+%!#a. 5a$ya& +ra$ "er"e$ #e$a$ &ela%a$

a*$ &e#alaa$ &+$-l!& ya$ "era#!. Pera$ #! 5+%$!a7Here+!$a *a#a

1=== e$ar!& 'a$ya& *erha"!a$ #a$ %!*a"! #ar! %elrh #$!a. 5e'era*a &+$-l!&

la!$$ya, %e*er"! #! A-a$!%"a$, A$+la, Are$!a, Aer'a!a$, 5ra, Ge+r!a,

I$#!a, I$#+$e%!a, L!'er!a, Sr! La$&a, S#a$, Ta!&!%"a$, 5a$la#e%h, 5el!,

5h"a$, 5r$#!, E%"+$!a, E"h!+*!a, Ga"eala, Ira, La"!a, Le'a$+$, Mal!,

M+l#+a, N!er, Irla$#!a U"ara, Pa&!%"a$, F!l!*!$a, R+a$!a, R0a$#a, A-r!&a

Sela"a$, S*a$y+l, #a$ Tr&!, a e!l!&! %&ala a%%al ya$ "!#a& '!%a #!a'a!&a$

'e!" %aa. K+$-l!& *+l!"!& #! T!'e", ;!$a, #a$ R%%!a a "a*a& %!a* ele"%

e$a#! &+$-l!& 'er#arah. 4

Hara*a$ 'ah0a P55 a&a$ e$a#! &e&a"a$ *+l!"!& ya$ 'er*e$arh,

ya$ %!a* e$6eah ele#a&$ya 'er'aa! &+$-l!& e"$!%, "a*a&$ya a "erlal

'erle'!ha$. Pa#a &+$-l!& #! 5+%$!a7Here+!$a, $eara7$eara Er+*a #a$

Aer!&a Ser!&a" le'!h %!'& e"%&a$, a*a&ah &+$-l!& ya$ "era#! %#ah

#a*a" #!%e'" e$+%!#a a"a 'el. Pra&"!%, "!#a& a#a "!$#a&a$ real ya$

#!la&&a$, &e"!&a +ra$7+ra$ #!'a$"a! #a$ *e%a0a"7*e%a0a" "e*r e$a"h&a$

'+ &e &+"a7&+"a. P55 "a*a&$ya "!#a& "erlal *e#l! #e$a$ &+$-l!& !$!,

"er"aa &are$a &e*e$"!$a$ $eara7$eara a ya$ a#a #! 'al!& P55 "!#a&

la$%$ "er&a!" #e$a$ &+$-l!& "er%e'".

K1.unita- Etni- 2an K1n3li+ Etni-Me$r" 5r+0$, &a"a &+$-l!& e"$!%9 %er!$&al! #!$a&a$ %e6ara -le&%!'el.

5ah&a$, #ala 'e'era*a *e$$aa$$ya, &a"a !$! %"r #!$a&a$ $"&

e$a'ar&a$ e$!% &+$-l!& ya$ %aa %e&al! "!#a& e*$ya 'a%!% e"$!%.

;+$"+h$ya a#alah &+$-l!& #! S+al!a. 5a$ya& *!ha& e$&a"e+r!&a$ &+$-l!&

ya$ "era#! #! S+al!a %e'aa! &+$-l!& e"$!%. Pa#ahal, S+al!a a#alah $eara

*al!$ h++e$ #ala hal e"$!%!"a% #! A-r!&a. K+$-l!& #! S+al!a "era#! '&a$

4 !bid

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&are$a *er"e$"a$a$ a$"ar e"$!%, ela!$&a$ &are$a *er"e$"a$a$ a$"ara *e$a%a

l+&al %a" #e$a$ *e$a%a l+&al la!$$ya, ya$ &e#a$ya 'era%al #ar! e"$!% ya$

%aa.

D!%!$! ela% #!*erl&a$ %a" #e-!$!%! ya$ 6&* %*e%!-!& "e$"a$ a*a ya$

#!a&%# #e$a$ &+$-l!& e"$!%. Me$r" A$"h+$y S!"h, &+$!"a% e"$!% a#alah

%a" &+$%e* ya$ #!$a&a$ $"& e$a'ar&a$ %e&*la$ a$%!a ya$

e!l!&! $e$e& +ya$ ya$ %aa, !$a"a$ %+%!al ya$ %aa #a$ 'e'era*a

elee$ &l"ral.8 Elee$7elee$ &l"ral !" a#alah &e"er&a!"a$ #e$a$ "e*a"

"er"e$", #a$ e!l!&! %earah ya$ &ra$ le'!h %aa. Ke#a hal !$! '!a%a$ya

e$a#! &ra$ 'a! %+l!#ar!"a% #ar! %a" &+$!"a%. S!"h ela$"&a$, 'ah0a

%e"!#a&$ya a#a e$a hal ya$ har% #!*e$h! %e'el %e'ah &el+*+& #a*a"

e$ye'" #!r! ere&a %e'aa! &+$!"a% e"$!%9.

"ertama, %e'ah &el+*+& har%lah e!l!&! $aa$ya %e$#!r!. Kr!"er!a

!$! "!#a&lah e$a#a7a#a. T!#a& a#a$ya $aa %*e%!-!& $"& %a" &el+*+&,

e$r" S!"h, e$a$#a&a$ 'el "er'e$"&$ya !#e$"!"a% %+%!al ya$ 6&* %+l!#

$"& #a*a" #!%e'" %e'aa! %a" &+$!"a% e"$!%.

#edua, +ra$7+ra$ #! #ala &el+*+& "er%e'" har%lah ya&!$, 'ah0a

ere&a e!l!&! $e$e& +ya$ ya$ %aa. Keya&!$a$ !$! %a$a"lah *e$"!$, #a$

'ah&a$ le'!h *e$"!$ #ar!*a#a !&a"a$ '!+l+!%. I&a"a$ '!+l+!% $&!$ %aa a#a,

"e"a*! "!#a& e$a#! !$"! #ar! &eya&!$a$, 'ah0a %a" &el+*+& e!l!&! lelhr

ya$ %aa.

#etiga, +ra$7+ra$ ya$ 'era#a #! #ala &el+*+& "er%e'" har%lah

e!l!&! !$a"a$ %+%!al ya$ %aa. Ke%aaa$ !" '!a%a$ya #!"a$#a! #e$a$

a#a$ya !"+%7!"+% a*$ lee$#a7lee$#a ya$ %aa, ya$ #!%a*a!&a$ #ar!

%a" e$era%! &e e$era%! 'er!&"$ya %e6ara l!%a$. #eem$at , &el+*+& "er%e'" har%lah 'er'a! &l"r ya$ %aa.

Ke%aaa$ &l"r "er%e'" #a*a" #!l!ha" #ala 'er'aa! &+'!$a%! a$"ara 'aha%a,

aaa, $+ra7$+ra a#a", *a&a!a$, %!&, &arya %e$!, ar%!"e&"r, #a$ 'ah&a$

a&a$a$.

8 A.D. S!"h, The Ethnic %rigins o& Nations, O-+r#, 5a%!l 5la6&0ell, 1=3?. hal

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#elima, +ra$7+ra$ ya$ a#a #! #ala &el+*+& "er%e'" har%lah

era%a "er!&a" *a#a %a" "er!"+r! "er"e$", "er"aa "er!"+r! ya$ %e#a$ ere&a

"e*a"!.

#eenam, +ra$7+ra$ ya$ 'era#a #! #ala &el+*+& !" har%lah era%a

#a$ 'er*!&!r 'ah0a ere&a a#alah 'a!a$ #ar! %a" &el+*+& ya$ %aa. Ha$ya

#e$a$ 'e!"lah %a" &el+*+& #a*a" #!%e'" %e'aa! &+$!"a% e"$!%.

Dar! &r!"er!a !$! %e'e$ar$ya '!%a #!"ar!& &e%!*la$ %e#erha$a, 'ah0a

&+$-l!& e"$!% a#alah &+$-l!& "er&a!" #e$a$ *era%alaha$7*era%alaha$ e$#e%a&

e$e$a! *+l!"!&, e&+$+!, %+%!al, '#aya, #a$ "er!"+r!al a$"ara #a &+$!"a%

e"$!% a"a le'!h. K+$-l!& e"$!% %er!$&al! 'er$a$%a &e&era%a$, "e"a*! '!%a a

"!#a&. K+$-l!& e"$!% #! 5+%$!a #a$ A$+la e!l!&! #!e$%! &e&era%a$ ya$ lar

'!a%a 'e%ar. See$"ara, *er!$"aa$ +ra$7+ra$ e'e6 $"& e*er+leh

+"+$+! le'!h 'e%ar #ar! *eer!$"ah Ka$a#a ha*!r "!#a& e!l!&! #!e$%!

&e&era%a$ %aa %e&al!. Ya$ a har% #!"ea%&a$ a#alah, 'a$ya& &+$-l!& l+&al

%a" a%yara&a" %aa %e&al! "!#a& e!l!&! 'a%!% e"$!%!"a%. a#!, &+$-l!&7&+$-l!&

"er%e'" "!#a& '!%a #!%e'" %e'aa! &+$-l!& e"$!%. Per"e*ra$ a$"ara *eer!$"ah

Ka'+a #e$a$ "e$"ara Kher Merah "!#a& *er$ah '!%a #!%e'" %e'aa! &+$-l!&

e"$!%, &are$a ha&e&a" &+$-l!& a#alah *er%+ala$ !#e+l+!, #a$ '&a$ *er%+ala$

e"$!%.

K+$-l!& e"$!% a, e$r" 5r+0$, '!a%a$ya 'era$&a" #ar! &+$-l!& l+&al

ya$ %aa %e&al! "!#a& e!l!&! 'a%!% e"$!%!"a%, "e"a*! &e#!a$ ele'ar

6a$&*a$$ya, 'ah&a$ %a*a! el!$"a%! 'a"a%7'a"a% $eara.2 5!a%a$ya, $eara

"e"a$a #ar! &+$!"a% ya$ 'er&+$-l!& e!l!h %a" #ar! #a 'e$"& !$"ere$%!

'er!&" !$!, ya&$! e$"ah ere&a e!l!h $"& e$"* *er'a"a%a$ $a

e$6eah *e$ye'ara$ &+$-l!& le'!h ah, a"a ere&a e!l!h $"& !$"ere$%!&e &+$!"a% ya$ "e$ah 'er&+$-l!& $"& el!$#$! &e*e$"!$a$ e&+$+!

a*$ *+l!"!& ere&a. K+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al a '!%a ela&&a$ !$"ere$%!

a"a% #a%ar &ea$%!aa$, "er"aa &e"!&a &+$-l!& ya$ "era#! la! e$ye'ar #a$

el&a! 'a$ya& 0ara %!*!l.

2 'r+0$, %$.'it, hal 3

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13/43

A+ar4a+ar K1n3li+ Etni-

5!a%a$ya, +ra$ 'era$a*a$ 'ah0a &+$-l!& e"$!% le'!h #!%e'a'&a$ +leh

r+'+h$ya re! +"+r!"er "er"e$", ya$ &e#!a$ e$#+r+$ *!ha&7*!ha& #! #ala

%a" $eara "er"e$" $"& %al!$ 'ere'" &e&a%aa$. Se+lah7+lah "e&a$a$ ya$

laa e$!$#a% ere&a &!$! %#ah ha$6r, %eh!$a #e$#a laa, "er"aa

#e$#a a&!'a" &+$-l!& #! a%a lal, &!$! "a*!l &e #e*a$. 5a$ya& ahl! ya$

'er*e$#a*a", 'ah0a *e$ela%a$ !$! "!#a&lah ea#a!. Are$ !$! "!#a& '!%a

e$ela%&a$, e$a*a #! 'e'era*a "e*a" ya$ %a" "era#! &+$-l!&, %ee$"ara #!

"e*a" la!$ "!#a&. Are$ !$! a aal e$ela%&a$, e$a*a &+$-l!& ya$

%a" e!l!&! %&ala &e&eaa$ ya$ le'!h 'e%ar #ar!*a#a &+$-l!& la!$$ya. De$a$

&a"a la!$, a&ar7a&ar *e$ye'a' &+$-l!& e"$!% "!#a& '!%a #!&e'al!&a$ ha$ya &e*a#a

%a" -a&"+r *e$ye'a' %aa.@

D! #ala "l!%a$$ya, 5r+0$ e$a&a$ "!a leel a$al!%!% $"&

eaha! a&ar7a&ar *e$ye'a' &+$-l!& e"$!%. Leel *er"aa a#alah leel %!%"e!&.

Leel &e#a a#alah leel #+e%"!&, #a$ leel &e"!a a#alah leel *er%e*%!.

a. Leel %!%"e!&

Pe$ye'a' *er"aa "era#!$ya &+$-l!& e"$!% a#alah leah$ya +"+r!"a%

$eara, 'a!& $a%!+$al a*$ !$"er$a%!+$al, $"& e$6eah &el+*+&7&el+*+&

e"$!% ya$ a#a $"& %al!$ 'er&+$-l!&. O"+r!"a% ya$ a#a a %a$a" leah,

%eh!$a "!#a& a* e$a!$ &e%elaa"a$ !$#!!#7!$#!!# ya$ a#a #!

#ala &el+*+& "er%e'". C.. #! #ala %!%"e #!a$a "!#a& a#a$ya *e$a%a,

#e!&!a$ "l!% 5r+0$, C ya&$!, #!a$a a$ar&! 'er&a%a, %ea &el+*+& har%lah

e$ye#!a&a$ *er"aha$a$ #!r!$ya %e$#!r!7%e$#!r!JSe"!a* &el+*+& re%ah, a*a&ah

&el+*+& la!$ a&a$ e$yera$ ere&a, a"a a$6aa$ #ar! &el+*+& la!$ a&a$

e#ar #e$a$ 'erala$$ya 0a&". Ma%alah$ya a#alah, %!&a* *er"aha$a$ #!r!%a" &el+*+&, ya&$! #e$a$ e+'!l!%a%! "e$"ara #a$ %ea *erala"a$ !l!"er,

'!%a #!a$a* %e'aa! "!$#a&a$ e$a$6a +leh &el+*+& la!$$ya. Pa#a

a&h!r$ya, hal !$! a&a$ e!6 "!$#a&a$ %er*a #ar! &el+*+& la!$, %e&al!%

e$!$&a"&a$ &e"ea$a$ *+l!"!% #! a$"ara #a &el+*+& "er%e'". I$!lah ya$

#!%e'" 5r+0$ %e'aa! #!lea &eaa$a$ (%e6r!"y #!lea).?Ar"!$ya, %a"

&el+*+& %er!$&al! "!#a& e$ya#ar! #a*a& #ar! "!$#a&a$$ya "erha#a*

@

ibid ? ibid, hal 337=

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&el+*+& la!$$ya. Mea$ #ala 'a$ya& &a%%, %a" &el+*+& e$ya#ar!

#!lea &eaa$a$ !$!. A&a$ "e"a*!, ere&a "e"a* 'er"!$#a&, &are$a ere&a %e$#!r!

era%a "era$6a +leh "!$#a&a$ #ar! &el+*+& la!$. I$!lah ya$ '!a%a$ya "era#!

*a#a a%yara&a" *a%6a re! +"+r!"er. Pe$a%a "$al %#ah r+'+h, #a$ &!$!

%e"!a* &el+*+& har% 'er%aha e$aa e&%!%"e$%!$ya a%!$7a%!$, #a$ !"

%er!$&al! #e$a$ e$a$6a e&%!%"e$%! &el+*+& la!$$ya.

5r+0$ le'!h ah e$a'ah&a$, 'ah0a a#a #a &+$#!%! ya$

e$&!$&a$ "era#! &e"!#a%"a'!la$ *+l!"!%. Per"aa, &+$#!%! &e"!&a *!ha& ya$

e$yera$ #a$ *!ha& ya$ 'er"aha$ "!#a& la! '!%a #!'e#a&a$. Sa" &el+*+&

"!#a& la! '!%a e$e$"&a$, a*a&ah ere&a #ala *+%!%! 'er"aha$, a"a *+%!%!

e$yera$. Mere&a a&a$ e*er%!a*&a$ &e&a"a$ !l!"er$ya ya$ #!$a&a$

$"& 'er"aha$. A&a$ "e"a*!, &el+*+& la!$$ya a&a$ e$!ra, 'ah0a &el+*+&

"er%e'" %e#a$ e*er%!a*&a$ &e&a"a$ !l!"er$ya $"& e$yera$.

Ke"ea$a$ a$"ara &e#a &el+*+& *$ "!#a& la! "erela&&a$.

Ke#a, !&a &e&a"a$ *e$yera$a$ le'!h 'e%ar #ar! &e&a"a$ 'er"aha$,

a&a %a" &el+*+& a&a$ 6e$#er$ $"& ela&&a$ *e$yera$a$ "erle'!h

#ahl. Me$r" 5r+0$, &e#a &+$#!%! !$! '!a%a$ya $6l, &e"!&a re! +"+r!"er

ya$ 'er&a%a "!'a7"!'a r+'+h, #a$ !$! e'a" %e"!a* &el+*+& ya$ a#a #!

#ala a%yara&a" "er%e'" "er*a&%a'er%aha $"& e*er"aha$&a$ e&%!%"e$%!$ya

a%!$7a%!$. D! #ala %!"a%! !$!, %!a*a *!ha& ya$ e$yera$ #a$ %!a*a *!ha&

ya$ 'er"aha$ aa"lah %l!" $"& #!'e#a&a$. 5!a%a$ya, &el+*+&7&el+*+&

ya$ %al!$ 'er"e*r *a%6a a"h$ya %a" re! +"+r!"er "!#a& e$$a&a$

"e&$+l+! *era$ ya$ 6a$!h. Mere&a ha$ya 'er%a$#ar *a#a &e&a"a$ !$-a$"er!.

E-e&"!!"a% !$-a$"er! "er%e'" 'er%a$#ar *a#a &e&a"a$ +"!a%! #a$ &a$"!"a%

*a%&a$. M+'!l!%a%! !$-a$"er! #ar! %a" &el+*+& "er"e$", e$r" 5r+0$, '!a%a$ya a&a$ e$#+r+$ &el+*+& la!$$ya $"& ela&&a$ hal ya$ %aa.

'. Leel a$al!%!% D+e%"!&

Leel !$! e$e$a! a&ar7a&ar *e$ye'a' &+$-l!& e"$!% 'era#a #! leel

#+e%"!&. Me$r" 5r+0$, leel #+e%"!& !$! "er&a!" #e$a$ &ea*a$

*eer!$"ah $"& ee$h! &ehe$#a& ra&ya"$ya, *e$arh $a%!+$al!%e #a$

rela%! a$"ar &el+*+& e"$!% #! #ala a%yara&a", %er"a *e$arh #ar! *r+%e%

#e+&ra"!%a%! #ala &+$"e&% rela%! a$"ar &el+*+& e"$!%. Se"!a* +ra$ %elal

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15/43

e$hara*&a$ aar *eer!$"ah$ya e$ye#!a&a$ &eaa$a$ #a$ %"a'!l!"a%

e&+$+!. Ke#a hal !$! a&a$ 'erara *a#a "er6!*"a$ya &ea&ra$ e&+$+!

ya$ era"a #! #ala a%yara&a". A*a ya$ #!%e'" $a%!+$al!%e, e$r"

5r+0$, %e'e$ar$ya a#alah C&+$%e* ya$ e$a'ar&a$ &e'"ha$ $"&

e$#!r!&a$ %a" $eara ya$ a* e0#&a$ "a$7"a$ !$!.

T$""a$ !$! a&a$ %ea&!$ 'e%ar, &e"!&a *eer!$"ah ya$ 'er&a%a "!#a&

a* e0#&a$ 6!"a76!"a "er%e'". D! #ala a%yara&a" *a%6a *eer!$"aha$

re! +"+r!"er, *eer!$"ah ya$ 'er&a%a %e#a$ e$ala! *r+%e% a#a*"a%!, #a$

%er!$&al! 'el a* e0#&a$ &e%"a'!l!a$ e&+$+! a*$ *+l!"!&.

A&!'a"$ya, "!$&a" !$-la%! #a$ *e$a$ra$ e$!$&a" "aa. Pr+%*e&

*er&e'a$a$ e&+$+! *$ %ra. Dala 'a$ya& &a%%, &el+*+& e"$!%

!$+r!"a% e$a#! &a'!$ h!"a #ar! %ea *era%alaha$ !$!. Mere&a e$a#!

"'al #ar! &e&a6aa$ ya$ "era#!.

Pr+'le !$! %ea&!$ r!", &e"!&a l+!&a ya$ 'erera& '&a$lah la!

l+!&a $a%!+$al!%e, ela!$&a$ l+!&a -$#ae$"al!%e e"$!%. 5e!$!, &e"!&a

*eer!$"ah ya$ 'er&a%a %a$a"lah leah, *aha $a%!+$al!%e '!a%a$ya le'!h

#!#a%ar&a$ *a#a *er'e#aa$ e"$!%, #a$ '&a$ *a#a %a" *e!&!ra$ 'ah0a %e"!a*

+ra$ ya$ h!#* #! %a" $eara e!l!&! ha& #a$ &e0a!'a$ ya$ %aa. Pa#a

ha&e&a"$ya, e$r" 5r+0$, *aha $a%!+$al!%e #!#a%ar&a$ *a#a ha&7ha&

$!er%al #ar! %e"!a* 0ara $eara #! #ala %a" $eara, #a$ ha&7ha& "er%e'"

#!l!$#$! +leh h&. H& ya$ %aa a el!$#$! &e'e'a%a$ 0ara

$eara "er%e'" $"& e$ya*a!&a$ *a$#a$a$7*a$#a$a$ ere&a. A&a$ "e"a*!,

$a%!+$al!%e ya$ #!#a%ar&a$ *a#a -$#ae$"al!%e e"$!% "!#a& e$e$al!

*a$#a$a$ "er%e'", ela!$&a$ le'!h e$e&a$&a$ *a#a &e%aaa$ e"$!% #a$ &l"r.

D! %!%! la!$, *aha $a%!+$al!%e ya$ #!#a%ar&a$ *a#a -$#ae$"al!%ee"$!% a&a$ e'a" %a" &el+*+& #a*a" #e$a$ #ah e+'!l!%a%! a%%a,

#a$ e'e$"& %a" *a%&a$ ya$ e!l!&! +"!a%! 'er*era$ ya$ "!$!.

!&a %#ah %e*er"! !$!, &e&a"a$ !l!"er a&a$ e$a#! %a" &e&a"a$ ya$ %a$a"

&ea. Pera$ #e$a$ %&ala &e&eaa$ ya$ a%!- *$ "!#a& la! '!%a "erela&&a$.

D! #ala *e$el!"!a$$ya, D+$al# H+r+0!" 'er*e$#a*a" 'ah0a *r+%e%

#e+&ra"!%a%! !$%"!"%! *eer!$"aha$ e!l!&! #a*a& 'e%ar 'a! "era#!$ya

&+$-l!& a$"ar e"$!%.

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5ah&a$ #a*a" *la #!&a"a&a$, 'ah0a *r+%e% #e+&ra"!%a%! %e6ara la$%$

#a*a" e$6!*"a&a$ %a%a$a &e"!#a&%"a'!la$ *+l!"!% ya$ le'!h 'e%ar, #a$ #e$a$

#e!&!a$ %"r e'&a *ela$ le'!h 'e%ar 'a! "era#!$ya &+$-l!& a$"ar e"$!%.

Pr+%e% #e+&ra"!%a%! %"r e$!$&a"&a$ !$"e$%!"a% &+$-l!& e"$!% ya$ "elah

"era#!.

6. Leel Per%e*%!

5e'era*a ahl! 'er*e$#a*a", 'ah0a *e$ye'a' "era#!$ya &+$-l!& e"$!%

a#alah, &are$a a#a$ya *eahaa$ %earah ya$ "!#a& "e*a" e$e$a! rela%! a$"ara

#a a"a le'!h &el+*+& e"$!%. Searah ya$ ere&a ya&!$! '&a$lah ha%!l #ar!

*e$el!"!a$ ya$ *$ya #a%ar e"+#!% #a$ +'ye&"!!"a%, ela!$&a$ #ar! r+r,

+%!*, #a$ lee$#a, ya$ '!a%a$ya #!"r$&a$ #ar! %a" e$era%! &e e$era%!

la!$$ya. ;er!"a76er!"a "er%e'" &e#!a$ e$a#! 'a!a$ #ar! a#a" !%"!a#a". De$a$

'erlal$ya 0a&", 6er!"a76er!"a !$! %ea&!$ ah #ar! real!"a%, #a$ %ea&!$ 'a$ya&

'a!a$ ya$ #!le'!h7le'!h&a$. D! #ala 6er!"a76er!"a "er%e'", &el+*+& e"$!% la!$

%er!$&al! e*er+leh 6a* 'r&, %ee$"ara &el+*+& e"$!% %e$#!r! e*er+leh

$aa 'a!& ya$ %er!$&al! 'er'e#a #e$a$ real!"a%$ya. Kel+*+& e"$!% la!$

#!*a$#a$ %e'aa! %a" &el+*+& ya$ %e6ara !$here$ aha" #a$ are%!-. A$+"a

&el+*+& e"$!% %e"e*a" ea$#a$ *eahaa$ !$! %e'aa! %a" 'e$"&

&e'!a&%a$aa$ lelhr ya$ #!"r$&a$ &e e$era%! ere&a.

T!#a&lah e$hera$&a$, 'ah0a 6er!"a76er!"a a#a" !%"!a#a" el!'a"&a$ %a"

*er"ar$a$ 0a6a$a ya$ er*a&a$ 6er!$a$ #ar! *a$#a$a$ &el+*+& ya$

%a" &e*a#a &el+*+& la!$$ya. Ora$7+ra$ Ser'!a, !%al$ya, ea$#a$ #!r!

ere&a %e$#!r! %e'aa! *e$aa Er+*a. Mere&a a ea$#a$ +ra$7+ra$

Kr+a%!a %e'aa! 'a$%a ya$ &ea. D! %!%! la!$, +ra$7+ra$ Kr+a%!a era%a

'ah0a ere&a a#alah &+r'a$ #ar! &e&eaa$ are%! +ra$7+ra$ Ser'!a ya$ '!a#a'. D! #ala 6ara *a$#a$ %ea6a !", %ea *er!%"!0a ya$ "era#! a&a$

e$!$&a"&a$ !$"e$%!"a% &e6r!aa$ ya$ %#ah "er"a$a #! #ala &l"r a%!$7

a%!$ e"$!%. Da$ %ea &ea#!a$ $ea"!- a&a$ #!*a$#a$ %e'aa! %a" a-!ra%!

"erha#a* !"+% ya$ %#ah a#a %e'el$ya, %e&al!% #!*a$#a$ %e'aa! ala%a$

$"& ela&&a$ "!$#a&a$ are%!-. Hal !$!lah ya$ e'a" &+$-l!& a$"ar e"$!%

%l!" #!h!$#ar!, #a$ !&a "era#!, #a*a& #e%"r&"!-$ya a&a$ %l!" $"& #!re#a.

Sea &e*er6ayaa$ ya$ 'er%!-a" !"+l+!% #a$ !#e+l+!% !$! e$6!*"a&a$

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"e&a$a$ ya$ %ea&!$ e*er'e%ar %&ala &+$-l!&. K+$-l!& *$ $a$"!$ya a '!%a

%ea&!$ #!*er*arah +leh *r+*aa$#a *ara *+l!"!&% ya$ !$!$ ea$-aa"&a$

&e*er6ayaa$ !$! $"& &e*e$"!$a$7&e*e$"!$a$ ere&a.

Pr+'lea"!&a %ea6a !$! '!a%a #!ala! +leh %a" a%yara&a" ya$ h!#*

*a%6a *eer!$"aha$ +"+r!"er, ya$ %er!$&al! ea$!*la%! %earah #e! $"&

e$6!*"a&a$ !"+%7!"+% *+l!"!& ya$ #a*a" e$#&$ &e*e$"!$a$7&e*e$"!$a$

re!. Re! *eer!$"aha$ +"+r!"er a %er!$&al! "!#a& e!l!&! 'a%!% !l!ah

ya$ &a" $"& e'&"!&a$ !"+% %earah "er%e'". Hal !$! "e$"$ya a&a$

%ea&!$ e*er&a" a&ar !"+% *+l!"!& ya$ a#a #! a%yara&a", ya$ %a$a"

$&!$ e$a#! -a&"+r e$!$&a"$ya !$"e$%!"a% &+$-l!& a$"ar e"$!% %a*a! *a#a

%&ala$ya ya$ *al!$ a%!-.

Da.0a+ 2ari K1n3li+ Etni-

A*a&ah #a*a& ya$ #!"!'l&a$ +leh &+$-l!& e"$!% 'a! $eara7$eara

%e&!"ar #a$ 'a! &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al %e6ara &e%elrha$B Me$r" 5r+0$,

a0a'a$ a"a% *er"a$yaa$ !$! %a$a"lah "era$"$ *a#a e$!% &+$-l!& ya$ "era#!,

#a$ 'aa!a$a alr &+$-l!& "er%e'" 'erla$%$. <

Se"!#a&$ya, a#a "!a &e$&!$a$ ya$ '!%a "era#! %e'aa! a&!'a" #ar!

*e6ah$ya &+$-l!& e"$!%, ya&$! "era#!$ya re&+$%!l!a%! %e6ara #aa!, *er*!%aha$

e"$!% %e6ara #aa!, #a$ *era$ %a#ara. De$a$ &a"a la!$, &el+*+&7&el+*+&

ya$ 'er*era$ '!%a %e" $"& h!#* 'er%aa %e6ara #aa!, %e" %e6ara

#aa! $"& 'er*!%ah, a"a "er% 'er*era$ $"& e$e$"&a$ %!a*a ya$ 'erha&

e$a#! *e$a%a a"a% %ea$ya.

$! Re+1n-ilia-i Da.ai

Dala 'e'era*a &a%%, &el+*+&7&el+*+& e"$!% ya$ "erl!'a" #ala&e"ea$a$ *+l!"!% #a*a" "e"a* 'e&era %aa #ala &era$&a *+l!"!& #a$ h&

"er"e$". Dala &e"ea$a$ "er%e'" %"r '!a%a$ya, ha&7ha& !$+r!"a% #a$ ha&7

ha& !$#!!#al a&a$ #!a$&a" &e #ala *er#e'a"a$, #a$ e*er+leh *ea&$aa$

ya$ 'ar. A%"r!a, 5el!a, #a$ S0!%% "elah 'a$ya& e'a" *era$!a$ *+l!"!%

ya$ e$a!$ 'ah0a e"$!%7e"$!% ya$ 'era#a #! $eara "er%e'" "!#a& "erl!'a" #!

#ala a&%! &e&era%a$, $a$ e$e*h ala$ #!al+ #a$ &+*r+!. E"$!%


18/43

;a"ala$, Gal!6!a$, #a$ 5a%e #! S*a$y+l "elah 'er#aa! %e"elah e$e*h

#!al+ 'er&e*a$a$a$ "e$"a$ ha&7ha& ere&a. /ala*$ %er!$ 'er#e'a", "e"a*!

ere&a "!#a& *er$ah a"h &e #ala &+$-l!& e"$!% ya$ e!l!&! %&ala &e&era%a$

a%!-. Per"e$"a$a$ a$"ara *eer!$"ah I$#!a #! %a" %!%! #a$ %e*ara"!% Naa, M!+,

#a$ Ghar+ #! %!%! la!$, "elah 'era&h!r #e$a$ ala$ #!al+ #a$ &+*r+! *+l!"!%.

Ke"!&a &el+*+& e"$!% ya$ %al!$ 'er'e#a *e$#a*a" #a*a" e$yele%a!&a$

*er"e$"a$a$ ere&a elal! ala$ #!al+, a&a *e$arh *er"e$"a$a$ "er%e'"

%a$a"lah &e6!l 'a! $eara #! %e&!"ar$ya, a"a 'a! a%yara&a" !$"er$a%!+$al

%e6ara &e%elrha$. ala$ #!al+ '!a%a$ya a a&a$ e$#a*a"&a$ #&$a$ 'e%ar

#ar! &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al, %eh!$a 0ala*$ %al!$ 'er"e$"a$a$, "e"a*! ha&7

ha& !$#!!# #a$ ha&7ha& &a !$+r!"a% #a*a" "e"a* "era!$. Ma&%!al, !&a

ala$ #!al+ 'erha%!l, %a"7%a"$ya ya$ *erl #!ra$6a$ la$ a#alah *era$!a$

#aa$ a$"ara &+$!"a% ya$ %al!$ 'er"e$"a$a$. D! lar !", #a*a& ya$

#!ra%a&a$ '!a%a$ya %a$a" &e6!l.

! Per0i-ahan -e5ara 2a.ai

Pa#a &a%%7&a%% la!$, &el+*+&7&el+*+& e"$!% ya$ %al!$ 'er"e$"a$a$

"!#a& #a*a" er%&a$ %a" *era$!a$ ya$ a* e$a*$ &e*e$"!$a$

%ea *!ha&. Oleh &are$a !", %a"7%a"$ya ala$ ya$ #a*a" #!"e*h a#alah

#e$a$ e"%&a$ h'$a$ leal #a$ *+l!"!% ya$ %#ah a#a %e'el$ya. Pa#a

'e'era*a &a%%, %e*er"! *a#a *e6ah$ya U$! S+!e" #a$ *e6ah$ya ;e6h+%l+a&!a,

*er*!%aha$ leal7*+l!"!% !$! #a*a" 'erara *a#a "era#!$ya *er"*aha$ #arah,

0ala*$ %&ala$ya "!#a&lah 'e%ar. /ala*$ 'e!", *er*!%aha$ leal7*+l!"!% !$!

'!a%a$ya ha$yalah #! "a"ara$ a&r+ %aa. Pa#a "a"ara$ !&r+, &el+*+&7&el+*+&

e"$!% ya$ %al!$ 'er*era$ era%a *er*!%aha$ "er%e'" a&a$ e$a$6a "+"al!"a%!#e$"!"a% ere&a, ya$ 'erara *a#a "era$6a$ya *e$arh *+l!"!% ere&a #!

#$!a !$"er$a%!+$al. Ma&a, 0ala*$ "er*!%ah %e6ara leal7*+l!"!%, &el+*+& e"$!%

ya$ %al!$ 'er"e$"a$a$ '!a%a$ya "e"a* e!l!&! h'$a$ ya$ era" %a" %aa

la!$.

/ala*$ 'e!", *er*!%aha$ leal *+l!"!% !$! "e"a* e'a0a #a*a&

'e%ar 'a! &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al. Se"!#a&$ya, e$r" 5r+0$, a#a e$a

#a*a& ya$ la$%$ &el!ha"a$ .

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Per"aa, a*a ya$ %e'el$ya #!a$a* %e'aa! "a*al 'a"a% #ar! $eara

"er"e$", &!$! har% #!*aha! %e'aa! "a*al 'a"a% #ar! $eara la!$, a"a "a*al 'a"a%

!l!& &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al. Ke#a, &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al a har%

e"%&a$, a*a&ah ere&a a&a$ e$a&! &e#ala"a$ #ar! $eara ya$ 'ar,

a"a "!#a&. !&a a0a'a$$ya *+%!"!-, a&a 'e$"& #a$ e&a$!%e *e$a&a$

&e#ala"a$ a"a% $eara 'ar "er%e'" har%lah #!*!&!r&a$ le'!h ah. Ke"!a,

&+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al a har% e"%&a$ %"a"% &ea$+"aa$ $eara 'ar

"er%e'" #! #ala +ra$!%a%!7+ra$!%a%! !$"er$a%!+$al, %e*er"! Er+*ea$

;+$!"y, ASEAN, a"a P55.

Kee*a", *era$!a$7*era$!a$ !$"er$a%!+$al ya$ el!'a"&a$ $eara

"er&a!" a har% #!r%&a$ la$. M!%al$ya, *era$!a$ *e$ra$a$

*e$$aa$ %e$a"a %"ra"e!% a$"ara U$! S+!e" #a$ Aer!&a Ser!&a" har%lah

#!r%&a$ la$ *a#a 1==4, &are$a *e6ah$ya U$! S+!e" ya$ e$a&!'a"&a$

"er'e$"&$ya e*a" $eara, ya&$! R%%!a, U&ra!$a, Kaah&%"a$, #a$ 5elar%.

Kee*a" $eara "er%e'" &!$! har%lah er%&a$ *er$a$!a$ la$ "er&a!"

#e$a$ !% %e$a"a %"ra"e!%. Se6ara , &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al har%lah

ya&!$, 'ah0a $eara ya$ 'ar "er'e$"& a&a$ e$a'!l 'a!a$ #! #ala

*era$!a$ !$"er$a%!+$al "er&a!" #e$a$ !%7!% ya$ *e$"!$.

Kel!a, *era$!a$ e&+$+! #a$ -!$a$%!al a har%lah #!r%&a$ la$,

ya$ a 'erar"! #!'"h&a$ %a" *e$#a*!$a$ e&+$+! #a$ -!$a$%!al ya$

!$"e$%!- 'a! $eara ya$ 'ar "er'e$"&. Da$ &ee$a, &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al

a har% a har% el!ha" #a*a& #ar! "er'e$"&$ya $eara 'ar "er%e'" 'a!

%"a'!l!"a% re!+$al #e$a$ $eara7$eara %e&!"ar$ya, %e&al!% #a*a&$ya 'a!

&e%e!'a$a$ &e&a%aa$ #! leel !$"er$a%!+$al. Da*a& !$! %a$a"lah

'er*e$arh 'e%ar. ;+$"+h ya$ *al!$ ela% a#alah *e6ah$ya U$! S+!e". Dala&+$"e&% !$!, &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al har% e"%&a$ 'aa!a$a ere&a har%

'er%!&a* "erha#a* $eara 'ar ya$ "er'e$"&, !%al$ya #ala hal al!a$%!

*er%e$a"aa$. 5e'era*a $eara 'e&a% U$! S+!e" e"%&a$ $"& 'era'$

#e$a$ NATO.

5a$ya& hal7hal #! a"a% a&a$ e$a#! *r+'le, 'a!& %e'el a*$

%e%#ah $eara 'ar "er&a!" re%! "er'e$"&. De$a$ #e!&!a$, e$r" 5r+0$,

&+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al har%lah %eera e'a" &e*"%a$ e$e$a! &ee$a

1=


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hal #! a"a% %e6e*a" $&!$. !&a &e*"%a$ "erla'a" #!'a", a&a &e$&!$a$

a&a$ "era#! &e&a6aa$ #! $eara 'ar "er%e'", a"a alah "era#! &+$-l!& e"$!%

ya$ el!'a"&a$ &e&era%a$. Ke%"a'!la$ #a$ &eaa$a$ !$"er$a%!+$al a#alah

"arha$$ya #! %!$!.

*! Peran, Sau2ara

Pa#a &a%%7&a%% la!$$ya, &el+*+&7&el+*+& e"$!% ya$ %al!$

'er"e$"a$a$ "!#a& a* e'a" *er%e"a$ 'er%aa, 'a!& #ala hal

re&+$%!l!a%! a"a*$ *er*!%aha$ leal *+l!"!% %e6ara #aa!. 5a$ya& *er"e$"a$a$

a$"ar e"$!% %"r 'erara *a#a &+$-l!& ya$ el!'a"&a$ &e&era%a$ *a#a %&ala

ya$ a%!-. Te$" %aa, +"!-7+"!- ya$ e$a&!'a"&a$ "era#!$ya &+$-l!& !$!

'eraa. Kel+*+& e"$!% !$+r!"a% '!%a e$$"" $"& e'e$"& $eara

ere&a %e$#!r!, a"a e$$"" +"+$+! *+l!"!& #ala 'e$"& -e#eral $a

e$e$"&a$ $a%!' ere&a %e$#!r!. Se'al!&$ya, &el+*+& e"$!% ay+r!"a% '!a%a$ya

he$#a& e*er'e%ar &e&a%aa$ ere&a a"a% %elrh "er!"+r!, "era%& &e&a%aa$

ere&a a"a% &el+*+& !$+r!"a%.

Pa#a 'e'era*a &a%%, &el+*+& e"$!% !$+r!"a% &alah, #a$ *eer!$"ah

ya$ 'er&a%a 'erha%!l e0#&a$ "a"a$a$ *+l!"!% ya$ ere&a !$!$&a$. Hal !$!

*al!$ ela% #! #ala &a%% T!'e". Ka%%7&a%% %ea6a !$!, e$r" 5r+0$,

e!l!&! #a*a& %a$a" &e6!l 'a! &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al, "e*a" &are$a %"a"%

&e&a%aa$ "!#a&lah 'er'ah. Hal ya$ e$a#! *er#e'a"a$ '!a%a$ya a#alah,

a*a&ah &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al a&a$ e'er!&a$ "e&a$a$ *+l!"!% &e*a#a

&el+*+& e"$!% ay+r!"a% $"& e$h+ra"! ha&7ha& #a%ar &el+*+& e"$!%

!$+r!"a%, a"a "!#a&B

Pa#a &a%%7&a%% la!$$ya, &el+*+& e"$!% !$+r!"a% 'erha%!l

e'er+$"a&, #a$ e'e$"& $eara ere&a %e$#!r!. Hal !$! #a*a" #!l!ha" *a#a&a%% 5a$la#e%h #a$ Sl+e$!a. !&a hal !$! "era#!, a&a &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al

a har% e$ha#a*! e$a &+$%e&e$%!, %e*er"! *a#a *er*!%aha$ %e6ara #aa!.

K+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al a har% e'a$" $eara 'ar "er%e'" $"& *l!h

&e'al! %e"elah e$ala! *era$ %a#ara. A&a$ "e"a*!, a#a a &a%%7&a%%, #!

a$a "!#a& a#a %a" *!ha& *$ ya$ e$a$ #! #ala *er"e*ra$. K+$-l!& *$

'er&e'a$ %ea&!$ 'e%ar, #a$ 'erara *a#a &e'$"a$. Ka%% !$! '!%a

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#!"e&a$ #! A$+la, ;y*r%, #a$ Sr! La$&a. T!#a& a#a %+l%! *+l!"!& a"a*$

!l!"er ya$ '!%a e$yele%a!&a$ &+$-l!& #! %a$a.

Per"a$yaa$ re-le&"!- #ar! %ea !$! a#alah, e$a*a &!"a har%

e*e#l!&a$ hal7hal %ea6a !"B Me$a*a &!"a har% e*e#l!&a$

"era#!$ya *era$ a$"ar e"$!% #! $eara ya$ le"a&$ya %a$a" ah #ar! $eara &!"a

%e$#!r!B A*a&ah &!"a e!l!&! &e0a!'a$ $"& ela&&a$ !$"ere$%! #! #ala

&+$-l!&7&+$-l!& "er%e'"B A#a #a a0a'a$ a"a% *er"a$yaa$ !$!. Per"aa, %&ala

&+$-l!& e"$!% e$6!*"a&a$ %ea6a &e0a!'a$ +ral #! #ala #!r! &!"a ya$

e$#e$ar$ya $"& ela&&a$ !$"ere$%!, %eh!$a %&ala &e&era%a$ '!%a

#!!$!al!%!r, a"a*$ #!h!la$&a$ %aa %e&al!. A#a %ea6a *a$!la$ &e*a#a

&!"a $"& e$ra$! *e$#er!"aa$, a*a*$ 'e$"&$ya, "er"aa ya$ #!a&!'a"&a$

+leh *era$. Ke#a, 'e'era*a &+$-l!& e"$!% %e6ara la$%$ e$a$6a

&e*e$"!$a$ &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al %e6ara &e%elrha$.

Me$a*a &!"a har% *e#l! #e$a$ %ea !"B Me$a*a &!"a har% *e#l!

#e$a$ &+$-l!& ya$ le"a&$ya r!'a$ &!l+ e"er #ar! "e*a" &!"a h!#*B Salah %a"

ala%a$$ya a#alah, &are$a &+$-l!& "er%e'" ela$ar $!la!7$!la! ya$ #!a&! +leh

a%yara&a" !$"er$a%!+$al, #a$ #e$a$ #e!&!a$ e*e$arh! a%yara&a"

!$"er$a%!+$al %e6ara &e%elrha$. Me$a$a*! !$!, 'a$ya& %aha "elah #!la&&a$

$"& e'e#a&a$ %e6ara ela% ya$ a$a *!ha& ya$ e'er+$"a&, #a$ ya$

a$a *!ha& ya$ %e6ara %ah e!l!&! +"+r!"a% a"a% %a" 0!layah. Salah %a"$ya

a#alah #e$a$ er%&a$ %ea6a &+#e e"!& *e*era$a$. A&a$ "e"a*!, #ala

real!"a%, hal !$! %er!$&al! #!a'a!&a$, "er"aa &e"!&a &e#a *!ha& ya$ 'er*era$

la! %e6ara %!%"ea"!% #a$ #!%e$aa e$a#!&a$ a%yara&a" %!*!l %e'aa!

%a%ara$ ere&a.

Ala%a$ la!$$ya a#alah, &are$a *e'!ara$ "erha#a* %ea 'e$"& *e'a$"a!a$ a%yara&a" %!*!l a#alah %a" "!$#a&a$ ya$ ela$ar +ral!"a%

$!er%al &!"a %e'aa! a$%!a. Ke&eaa$ ya$ "era#! #! era$ *a#a *era$

#$!a &e#a, a"a *e'er%!ha$ e"$!% ya$ "era#! #! 5+%$!a *a#a a&h!r a'a# &e#a

*lh lal, e$ye$"h ra%a &ea$%!aa$ #! #ala #!r! &!"a $"& ela&&a$

!$"ere$%! $a e$6eah "era#!$ya &+r'a$ le'!h 'a$ya& la!. a#!, a#a

&e0a!'a$ +ral #a$ &e0a!'a$ leal ya$ e$!&a" &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al

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$"& ela&&a$ !$"ere$%! "erha#a* %ea 'e$"& &+$-l!& e"$!%, "er"aa ya$

%e6ara $ya"a e$a#!&a$ 0ara %!*!l %e'aa! &+r'a$ ere&a.

De$a$ lah %e'a$ya& !", &eha#!ra$ *ara *e$$%! "er%e'" "e$"$ya

e!l!&! *e$arh "erha#a* &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al %e'aa! &e%elrha$.

Per"aa, !&a *ara *e$$%! *er! &e $eara "e"a$a, #! a$a &el+*+& e"$!%

ere&a a e!l!&! lah ya$ 'e%ar #! %a$a, a&a a#a &e$&!$a$ a&a$

"er6!*"a %+l!#ar!"a% a$"ar a$+"a e"$!% ya$ %aa. Pa#a a&h!r$ya, $eara "e"a$a,

ya$ a0al$ya "!#a& "erl!'a" &+$-l!&, a '!%a "erl!'a" #! #ala *era$ ya$

%e'e$ar$ya '&a$ *era$ ere&a. Hal !$! "e$" %aa e*erla% %&ala *era$.

Ke#a, &eha#!ra$ *ara *e$$%! #ala lah 'e%ar "e$"$ya a&a$

e$!$&a"&a$ '!aya e&+$+! 'a! $eara "er&a!". Para *e$$%! eerl&a$

a&a$a$ #a$ "e*a" "!$al $"& e$$a$ h!#* ere&a. 5ah&a$, #ala

'e'era*a &a%%, $eara "e"a$a har% e$a*$ *ara *e$$%! $"& a$&a

0a&" ya$ "!#a& '!%a #!"e$"&a$. Ke"!a, &eha#!ra$ *ara *e$$%! #ala lah

'e%ar a #a*a" e$a$6a &e"ha$ !#e$"!"a% &l"ral #ar! $eara ya$

#!"e*a"!, "er"aa a *ara *e$$%! e$#!r!&a$ %e&+lah, %ra" &a'ar,

+ra$!%a%!7+ra$!%a%! 'er'a%!%&a$ e"$!%, #a$ rah !'a#ah ere&a %e$#!r!.

Kee*a", &eha#!ra$ *ara *e$$%! #ala lah 'e%ar a '!%a e$a#! %a"

'e$"& &e&a"a$ *+l!"!% "er"e$". Ke&a"a$ *+l!"!% !$! a&a$ e*e$arh! *er%e*%!

$eara ya$ ere&a "e*a"! #ala hal &e'!a&a$ lar $eer!, "er"aa e$e$a!

$eara a%al *ara *e$$%! "er%e'", ya$ ea$ %e#a$ e$ala! &+$-l!&.

5e'era*a $eara &ha0a"!r, 'ah0a *ara *e$$%! a&a$ 'er'al!& e$e$"a$

ere&a, !&a ere&a e'a" &e'!a&a$ ya$ 'er"e$"a$a$ #e$a$ &e*e$"!$a$

*ara *e$$%! "er%e'". Da$ &el!a, !&a &eha#!ra$ *ara *e$$%!, #e$a$

%eala *r+'lea"!&a ya$ $6l 'er%aa$ya, %$h e$a#! a$6aa$ 'a!$eara %e&!"ar$ya, a&a P55 *$ya &e0a!'a$ $"& ela&&a$ !$"ere$%! *a#a

&r!%!% ya$ "e$ah "era#!.

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&A& II

METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

A! Met12e 2an /ara Penelitian

Me"+#e ya$ #!$a&a$ #ala *e$el!"!a$ !$! a#alah e"+#e *e$el!"!a$

&al!"a"!-. Me$r" 5+#a$ #a$ Tayl+r, e"+#e *e$el!"!a$ &al!"a"!- !alah

*r+%e#r *e$el!"!a$ ya$ e$ha%!l&a$ #a"a #e%&r!*"!- 'er*a &a"a7&a"a

"er"l!% a"a l!%a$ #ar! +ra$7+ra$ #a$ *er!la& ya$ #a*a" #!aa"!.3

Me"+#e De%&r!*"!- a#alah %a" e"+#e #ala e$el!"! %"a"%

%e&el+*+& a$%!a, %a" +'ye&, %a" %e" &+$#!%!, %a" %!%"e *e!&!ra$a"a*$ %a" %!%"e *e!&!ra$ a"a*$ %a" &ela% *er!%"!0a *a#a a%a

%e&ara$. Ta$ #ar! *e$el!"!a$ #e%&r!*"!- a#alah $"& e'a" #e%&r!*%!,

a'ara$ a"a l&!%a$ %e6ara %!%"ea"!%, -a&"al, a&ra" e$e$a! -a&"a7-a&"a,

%!-a"7%!-a" %er"a h'$a$ a$"ar -e$+e$a ya$ #!%el!#!&!.=

D!"!$a #ar! %e! a%alah ya$ #!%el!#!&!, "e&$!& #a$ ala" ya$ #!$a&a$

*e$el!"!, %er"a "e*a" #a$ 0a&" *e$el!"!a$ ya$ #!la&&a$, *e$el!"!a$ !$!

a%& #ala &a"e+r! *e$el!"!a$ *er*%"a&aa$ #a$ #+&e$"er.

Dala e"+#e !$! *e$el!"! 'er%aha $"& e$#e%&r!*%!&a$ "e$"a$

*r+%e% #!*l+a%! I$#+$e%!a #ala %e$&e"a &e*e!l!&a$ &e#a Pla ya$

"era#! #! ah&aah I$"er$a%!+$al. De$a$ #a"a #a"a ya$ "er%e#!a *e$el!"!

e$a$al!%a "e$"a$ &ea#aa$ ya$ "era#!.

&! Te+ni+ Pen,a.6ilan Data

Pe$el!"!a$ !$! #!la&&a$ #e$a$ *e$el!"!a$ #+&e$ . Pe$el!"!a$ #+&e$

#!a&%#&a$ $& e$#e%&r!*%!&a$ 'er'a'a! real!"a ya$ #!"el!"!.. Da"a

#!*er+leh elal! %'er #a"a %e&$#er. Da"a %e&$#er #!*er+leh #e$a$

e$a#a&a$ eala%! "erha#a* %'er, &ea#aa$ #a"a %e&$#er$ya #a$ a

*e$el!"! har% e$er!a l!!"a%!7l!!"a%! #ar! #a"a "er%e'". Da"a7 #a"a %e&$#er

#!*er+leh elal! %"#! #+&e$"er, ya&$! elal! aalah, %ra" &a'ar, '&7

'& #a$ %'er7%'er la!$ ya$ 'erh'$a$ #e$a$ "+*!& *e$el!"!a$ !$!.

3

Ley M+le+$, Metode "enelitian #ualitati& , R+%#a&arya, 5a$#$, 1=3=, hal 48= M+h. Na"%!r, Metode "enelitian, Ghal!a I$#+$e%!a, a&ar"a,1=33,hal.?8

48


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Pe$el!"! e$*l&a$ #a"a #ar! *er*%"a&aa$ F!%!* U$!er%!"a% Ga#ah

Ma#a Y+ya&ar"a. a #ar! 'e'era*a *er*%"a&aa$ ya$ "er#a*a" #a"a ya$

relea$ #e$a$ *e$el!"!a$ !$!.

/! Te+ni+ Anali-a Data

A$al!%a #a"a #!la&&a$ elal! !$"er*re"a%! #ar! #+&e$"a%! ya$

"er&*l, &e#!a$ #!a$al!%!% %e6ara #e%&r!*"!- &al!"a"!-. De$a$ e$a#a&a$

%re! "erha#a* #a"a ya$ "elah a#a *e$el!"! e$al! "e+r!7"e+r! ya$ "elah

'er&e'a$ #ala '!#a$ !l ya$ 'er&e*e$"!$a$. U$"& e$e"ah! al!#!"a%

#a"a !$-+ra%! ya$ #!*er+leh #!a#a&a$ 'ross cheing #a"a "er%e'" e$$&&a$

a#a$ya reliable #a"a ya$ a&a$ #!a$al!%a.

42


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&A& III

HASIL DAN PEM&AHASAN

A! SE7ARAH ETNIS ROHINGYA

Dala 6a"a"a$ P55, R+h!$ya ha$ya #!%e'" %e'aa! *e$##& M%l!

ya$ "!$al #! Ara&a$, Ra&h!$e, Mya$ar. Dar! %#" &e'aha%aa$, 'aha%a ya$

#!&la! %e'aa! 'aha%a R+h!$ya %e'e$ar$ya "era%& &e #ala r*$ 'aha%a

I$#+7Er+*a, &h%%$ya &era'a"' aha%a I$#+7Arya. Le'!h #e"a!l la!, 'aha%a

R+h!$ya #!&a"e+r!&a$ %e'aa! 'aha%a7'aha%a ;h!""a+$!a ya$ #!""r&a$ +leh

a%yara&a" #! 'a!a$ "e$ara 5a$la#e%h. See$"ara !", &e'a$ya&a$ 'aha%a #!

Mya$ar "er+l+$ r*$ Ta! Ka#al, A%"r+a%!a"!&, a"a S!$+7T!'e"a$. a#!,

ela% 'ah0a &el+*+& e"$!% R+h!$ya er*a&a$ &e"r$a$ e"$!% 5e$al!,

&h%%$ya %'7e"$!% ;h!""a+$!a ya$ "!$al #! 5a$la#e%h "e$ara.

Ke$6la$ *e&!a$ M%l! #! Ara&a$ %e'aa! 6!&al 'a&al &el+*+&

R+h!$ya "erla6a& %ea& aa$ Keraaa$ Mra& U, &h%%$ya *a#a aa$ Raa

Narae!&hla (12871282). Se"elah #!'a$ &e 5e$al, Narae!&hla lal

e$a%a! &e'al! Mra& U 'er&a" 'a$"a$ Sl"a$ 5e$al. Se!r!$ #e$a$

'er&a%a$ya Narae!&hla, a%& *la *e$##& M%l! #ar! 5e$al &e0!layah

Ara&a$, Ra&h!$e. Dala *er&e'a$a$$ya, lah *e&! M%l! #ar!

5e$al "er% 'er"a'ah, "er"aa &e"!&a I$r!% e$a%a! Ra&h!$e. Kare$a

&ra$$ya *+*la%! #! Ra&h!$e, I$r!% ea%&&a$ 'a$ya& +ra$ 5e$al! &e

Ra&h!$e $"& 'e&era %e'aa! *e"a$!. Oleh &are$a !", %a*a! %aa" !$! *la,

&e'a$ya&a$ +ra$ R+h!$ya 'e&era #! %e6"+r arar!%.

Ke"!&a I$r!% ela&&a$ %e$%% *e$##& *a#a 1=11, *e&! M%l!

#! Ara&a$ %#ah 'erlah @3 r!' +ra$. lah !" "er% 'er"a'ah *a#a "ah$1=47a$ &e"!&a I$r!% e$"* *er'a"a%a$ I$#!a, %eh!$a +ra$ 5e$al!

e!l!h a%& &e Ra&h!$e. Sea& "ah$7"ah$ !$! *lalah la! "!'l &+$-l!&

#e$a$ *e$##& l+6al ya$ ay+r!"a% er*a&a$ *e$a$" 5##ha.

5er"a'ah$ya lah *e$##& !ra$" e'a" *e$##& l+&al &ha0a"!r

4@


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I-tilah R1hin,8a

Lal, 'e$ar&ah !%"!lah R+h!$ya 'ar $6l *a#a "ah$ 1=@7a$B

Seara0a$ a6e% P. Le!#er e$a"a&a$ 'ah0a *a#a a'a# &e713 a#a 6a"a"a$

%e+ra$ I$r!% ya$ 'er$aa Fra$6!% 56ha$a$7Ha!l"+$ ya$ %#ah

e$ye'"&a$ a#a$ya a%yara&a" M%l! #! Ara&a$. Mere&a e$ye'" #!r!

ere&a CR++!$a. A#a ya$ e$a"a&a$ 'ah0a !%"!lah !$! 'era%al #ar! &a"a

)rahma) (raha") #ala 'aha%a Ara' a"a )rogha) (*er#aa!a$) #ala 'aha%a

Pa%h"$. Sela!$ !", a#a *la ya$ e$a!"&a$$ya #e$a$ 0!layah Rha#!

A-ha$!%"a$ ya$ #!a$a* %e'aa! "e*a" a%al R+h!$ya.

De$a$ #e!&!a$, le*a% #ar! a*a&ah R+h!$ya er*a&a$ %e'ah e"$!%

a"a "!#a&, #a$ a*a&ah "era%& &e #ala e"$!%!"a% Mya$ar a"a "!#a&B S#ah

ela% 'ah0a R+h!$ya er*a&a$ &+$!"a% !ra$" #ar! 5a$la#e%h ya$ %#ah

ra"%a$ "ah$ "!$al #! Ara&a$, Ra&h!$e, Mya$ar. Se'aa! &+$!"a% ya$

%#ah laa e$e"a* #! %e'ah 0!layah ya$ &e'e"la$ &!$! e$a#! 'a!a$ #ar!

$eara Mya$ar, "e$" %aa %#ah %elaya&$ya ere&a e$#a*a"&a$ ha&7ha& #a%ar

ere&a, "er"aa %"a"% &e0ara$earaa$. Me%&!*$ #e!&!a$, %!&a* *eer!$"ah

Mya$ar %#ah ela% %e*er"! ya$ #!%a*a!&a$ The!$ Se!$ 'ah0a Mya$ar "a&

$&!$ e'er!&a$ &e0ara$earaa$ &e*a#a R+h!$ya. Na$, Mya$ar

e$a0ar&a$ %+l%! 'er*a *e$!r!a$ r!'a$ +ra$ R+h!$ya &e $eara la!$ a"a

"e"a* "!$al #! Ara&a$, "e"a*! 'era#a #! 'a0ah *e$a0a%a$ P55. a#!,

&el!ha"a$$ya e"$!% R+h!$ya a%!h 'el '!%a 'er$a*a% lea %a*a! 'e'era*a

"ah$ e$#a"a$.

&! SIKAP PEMERINTAH MYANMAR

P!a$ a%yara&a" !$"er$a%!+$al *a#a re-+ra%! Mya$ar har% 'e$ar7 'e$ar #!6era"!. Pa%al$ya, e'ar7e'+r re-+ra%! #! $eara ya$ %e'el$ya

#!%e'" 5ra !" "er$ya"a 'el 'er*e$arh %e6ara %!$!-!&a$ 'a! e"$!%

!$+r!"a% R+h!$$ya. Kel+*+& M%l! !$+r!"a% !$! h!$a %aa" !$! "e"a*

e$a#! &+r'a$ #!%&r!!$a%! #a$ *eera%a$ #! Mya$ar. D!%&r!!$a%! *a#a

0ara I%la !$! %e6ara $ya"a "er'&"! #e$a$ *e$+la&a$ *eer!$"aha$ Pre%!#e$

The!$ Se!$ a"a% %"a"% e"$!% "er%e'".Peer!$"ah Mya$ar h!$a &!$! 'el

e$a&! e"$!% R+h!$ya %e'aa! 0ara$ya.

4?


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28/43

ya$ *er$ah #!&a%a! %e6ara 'era$"!a$ +leh +ra$ H!$#, 5#ha #a$ M%l!.

Pa#a 148 M, 5e$al! e$a#! %e'ah $eara I%la,#a$ %ea& %aa" !" *la

*e$arh I%la la! era'ah a%& &e0!layah Ara&a$. H!$a *a#a a&h!r$ya

*a#a 128 M, Ara&a$ e$a#! %e'ah $eara M%l!.ya$ #!"a$#a! #e$a$

#!ra"!-!&a%!$ya Pera$!a$ Ya$#a'+ e$ye'a'&a$ 5ra, Ara&a$ #a$ Te$a%%er!

#!a%&&a$ &e 0!layah 5r!"!%h7I$#!a. Selaa 8@ "ah$ &eraaa$ M%l! 'er#!r!

#! Ara&a$ #a$ Ua" I%la h!#* #e$a$ "e$a$. Na$ *a#a 42 Se*"e'er 1


29/43

'ar ya$ #!'a$$. 5ah&a$ *ara *e!*!$ aaa "elah #!*e$ara &are$a

ere$+a%! Ma%!#. Se+ra$ *ea'a" %e$!+r Per%er!&a"a$ 5a$%a75a$%a ya$

%er!$ 'er"a% &e #aerah7#aerah &r!%!% &ea$%!aa$ Perla&a$ re! 5ra

"erha#a* &a !$+r!"a% M%l! R+h!$ya, #!%e'"7%e'" C%e'r&7'r&

*erla&a$ "erha#a* &eer#e&aa$ a$%!a. /a&!l Se&re"ar!% e$#eral P55 $"&

Ur%a$ Kea$%!aa$ #a$ K++r#!$a"+r 5a$"a$ Darra", >aler!e A+%,

e$ya"a&a$ 'ah0a R+h!$ya #!*a$#a$ %e'aa! %alah %a" &+$!"a% *al!$

"er"!$#a% #! #$!a.18

/!$! AKAR PENYE&A& KONFLIK

Pre%!#e$ Mya$ar The!$ Se!$, e$a"a&a$ 3 r!' *e$##& R+h!$ya

har% #!"e*a"&a$ #! %elah &a* #a$ #!&!r! (&e'al!) &e 5a$la#e%h

elal! *er'a"a%a$. Pre%!#e$ The!$ Se!$ e$+la& e$a&! e"$!% R+h!$ya

%e'aa! 0ara $eara Mya$ar. Peer!$"ah 5a$la#e%h e$a& &e0alaha$ #a$

"a& a* e$er!a l!*aha$ *e$$%! R+h!$ya #! $eer!$ya 'aha%a

&a%ar$ya, e$+la& &e#a"a$a$ e"$!% R+h!$ya #ar! Mya$ar.

Ke'!a&a$ Mya$ar !" #!$!la! *ara *e$!a" HAM %e'aa! *e'er%!ha$

e"$!%. La*+ra$ Amnesty !nternational, l! 414, a#a "!$#a& &e&era%a$,

*e'$ha$, #a$ *eer&+%aa$, +leh *a%&a$ &eaa$a$ Mya$ar "erha#a*

0ara R+h!$ya ya$ 'eraaa I%la #! 0!layah Ra&h!$e, *er'a"a%a$

5a$la#e%h 7 Mya$ar. A&!'a"$ya @8. M%l! R+h!$ya e$$%! e$6ar!

"e*a" aa$. Me$r" #a"a *eer!$"ah Mya$ar, &e&era%a$ a$"ara e"$!% 5##ha

#a$ M%l! #! Ra&h!$e %#ah 'erla$%$ %ea& $! 414 lal, M%l!

R+h!$ya ya$ "e0a% e$6a*a!


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Me$"er! Lar Neer! Mya$ar /$$a Ma$ L0! e$a"a&a$ (#ala

&+$-ere$%! *er% ya$ #!ha#!r! Pela*+r Kh%% P55 T+a% Oea

!$"a$a), e$a"a&a$, *eer!$"ah Mya$ar e$era*&a$ "!$#a&a$ a&%!al

$"& e$he$"!&a$ &e&era%a$ a$"ar e"$!% #! Ra&h!$e *er"!&a!a$ ya$ "era#!

Ra&h!$e a$"ara E"$!% R+h!$ya #a$ e"$!% a"a *$ %&7%& %e"e*a"

(a%l!*r!'!) Mya$ar. /$$a Ma$ L0!, e'a$"ah "#ha$ 'ah0a a*ara"

&eaa$a$ e$y!&%a #a$ e$a$&a*! *e$$%! M%l! R+h!$ya. %"r,

e$6+'a ere#a&a$ &e&era%a$ #a$ &+$-l!& #! 0!layah Ra&h!$e

"er%e'". Mya$ar e$+la& "#ha$ 'e'era*a *!ha& ya$ e$a"a&a$ 'ah0a

*e"a% e$$a&a$ &e&era%a$ #a$ *e$a$!ayaa$ #ala e$a"a%! &ea#aa$,

"#ha$ "er%e'" 'er"a$ $"& e*+l!"!%!r #a$ e$arah&a$ !% #! Ra&h!$e

%e'aa! &+$-l!& aaa.

E"$!% R+h!$ya ya$ (#! 'a0ah +leh I$r!%) #a$ #a"a$ #ar! A-ha$!%"a$,

er*a&a$ "r$a$ *ara "e$"ara ('ayara$) -e+#al I$r!%, $"& ela0a$

*era$a$ ra&ya" I$#!a ere'" &eer#e&aa$. Mere&a a#alah *ara *e'era$!

ya$ #!'ayar $"& ela0a$ ra&ya" I$#!a. Da$ &e"!&a, 5a$la#e%h 'er#!r! %e'aa!

Neara Mer#e&a, %&7%& "er%e'" a%!h 'el 'a$ya& 'er'ah, 'ah&a$

#!"+la& +leh 5a$la#e%h %e'aa! '&a$ 0ara a%l! 5a$la#e%h a &e'al! &e

A-ha$!%"a$, "erlal ah $"& ela$&ah, #a$ "a& $&!$ $"& #!la&&a$.

A&!'a"$ya, merea men1adi orang2orang tan$a Negara.

Se'aa! e"$!% ya$ #! "+la& %a$a7%!$!, "e$" %aa ha$ya #e$a$ %r!e

ere&a '!%a 'er"aha$ h!#*. Da$ #ala %!&+$ %e*er"! !", $6l %!-a" %e$%!"!-,

%!&a* *a%rah e$er!a &ea#aa$ %er"a rea&"!- #a$ $erla3an "erha#a* a*a #a$

%!a*a *$. Hal7hal !"lah, ya$ &e#!a$ e$a#! a&ar &+$-l!& (#a$ &e#!a$

ela%), %eh!$a e$a#! &+$-l!& a$"ar %& #a$ 'er'are$a$ #e$a$ !", &are$aR+h!$ya ay+r!"a% M%l!, %e#a$&a$ *eer!$"ah #a$ 0ara Mya$ar

ay+r!"a% 5#ha, a&a #!a#!&a$ %e'aa! &+$-l!& aaa.

Da$ %ea$ya !", #!$a&a$ %e'aa! %e$"!e$ *er"!&a!a$ a$"ar aaa,

&are$a *al!$ #ah #! a$&a" %e6ara *+l!"!& #a$ &e &a$6ah I$"er$a%!+$al,

("era%& #!!$*+r &e N%a$"ara e$a#! !% aaa #a$ *e'a"a!a$ "erha#a* a"

5eraa +leh &a%a #a$ &e&a%aa$), *l% ''7'' '%& #a$ &e'%&a$

8

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la!$$ya. U$"& e*erela% a&ar *e$ye'a' &+$-l!&, *e$el!"! e!lah a&ar &+$-l!&

e$a#! "!a 'a!a$ %e*er"! #!'a0ah !$!.

/!$!$! Pen8e6a6 2ari le9el Si-te.i+

Pe$ye'a' &+$-l!& #ala leel !$! '!%a #!ela%&a$ *e$ye'a' *er"aa

"era#!$ya &+$-l!& e"$!% a#alah leah$ya +"+r!"a% $eara, 'a!& $a%!+$al a*$

!$"er$a%!+$al, $"& e$6eah &el+*+&7&el+*+& e"$!% ya$ a#a $"& %al!$

'er&+$-l!&. Me$r" R. May, $eara leah #e$a$ le!"!a%! &!$era ya$

leah("er"aa #!"a$#a! +leh K+r*%!, Ne*+"!%e #a$ %alah r%) #ah

#!a$&!"! &+$-l!& !$"er$, #a$ #ala hal a%yara&a" "er*e6ah7*e6ah #! %e*a$a$

ar!% %& a"a #aerah, era&a$7era&a$ &e%&a$ #a$ %e*ara"!%e er*a&a$

a$6aa$ ya$ "er% e$er% a#a *a#a &eaa$a$ $eara. 1@ Neara %ela% ?3 r!'

& !$! "elah #!*er!$"ah +leh *eer!$"aha$ !l!"er %ea& &#e"a "ah$ 1=33.

Neara !$! a#alah $eara 'er&e'a$ #a$ e!l!&! *+*la%! le'!h #ar! @ "a

!0a. I' &+"a $eara !$! %e'el$ya "erle"a& #! Ya$+$ %e'el #!*!$#ah&a$

+leh *eer!$"aha$ $"a !l!"er &e Nay*y!#a0 *a#a "a$al < N+e'er 4@.

Pa#a 1=33, "era#! el+'a$ #e+$%"ra%! 'e%ar e$e$"a$ *eer!$"aha$

$"a !l!"er. Gel+'a$ #e+$%"ra%! !$! 'era&h!r #e$a$ "!$#a& &e&era%a$ ya$

#!la&&a$ "e$"ara "erha#a* *ara #e+$%"ra$. Le'!h #ar! 8 +ra$ "er'$h.

Pa#a *e!l 1== *ar"a! *r+7#e+&ra%! *!*!$a$ A$ Sa$ S Ky! ee$a$!

34 *er%e$ %ara $a$ ha%!l *e!l !$! "!#a& #!a&! re! !l!"er ya$ 'er&a%a. 1?

Ke&a6aa$ *+l!"!& 'erla$" #e$a$ a#a$ya el+'a$ *r+"e% ya$ 6&*

'e%ar #ar! &ala$a$ 5!&% *a#a "ah$ 4


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#e+ a #!*!6 +leh $a!&$ya hara 55M 'e'era*a ra"% *er%e$ a&!'a"

#!6a'"$ya %'%!#!.

De+ el!'a"&a$ r!'a$ '!&%h &e#!a$ ele"% #!'er'aa! &+"a #!

Mya$ar, *ara 0ara %!*!l a&h!r$ya a 'a$ya& ya$ e$!&"!. Peer!$"ah

$"a M!l!"er ela&&a$ a&%! &e&era%a$ #ala e''ar&a$ #e+7#e+ 'e%ar

!$!, Pa+#a7*a+#a #!%eel, *ara #e+$%"ra$ #!"aha$, #a$ %e$a"a #!$a&a$ $"&

e''ar&a$ a%%a. 5a$ya& '!&% #!"aha$, 'e'era*a #!ya&!$! #!%!&%a #a$

e$!$al #$!a. Se*a$a$ Gel+'a$ *r+"e% "era#! 'ela%a$ +ra$ #!ya&!$!

e$a#! &+r'a$, "era%& %e+ra$ re*+r"er 'er&e'a$%aa$ e*a$, Ke$! Naa!,

ya$ #!"e'a& +leh "e$"ara #ar! ara& #e&a" %aa" el!*" #e+$%"ra%!. Kea"!a$

0ara e*a$ !$! e!6 *r+"e% e*a$ *a#a Mya$ar #a$ e$a&!'a"&a$

#!6a'"$ya 'e'era*a 'a$"a$ e*a$ &e*a#a Mya$ar.1<

A&%! *r+"e% 'era&ar #ar! *era%alaha$ 'ah0a E"$!% 5!ra, 'era%al #ar!

T!'e", er*a&a$ e"$!% ay+r!"a% #! Mya$ar. Na$, e"$!% 5!ra a#alah

&el+*+& ya$ #a"a$ 'ela&a$a$ #! Mya$ar, ya$ %#ah le'!h #ahl #!#!a!

e"$!% Sha$ (S!a #ala 'aha%a Tha!). E"$!% Sha$ *a#a $ya e$h$!

0!layah #! %e*a$a$ *er'a"a%a$ Tha!la$#7Mya$ar. Se'el e"$!% 5!ra #a"a$,

%ela!$ e"$!% Sha$, %#ah a#a e"$!% M+$, ya$ e$h$! 0!layah %ela"a$, a

#e&a" *er'a"a%a$ #e$a$ Tha!la$#. Se'aa!a$a "era#! #! 'a$ya& $eara, #!

a$"ara "!a e"$!% "aa #! Mya$ar !$! "era#! *era$. Sa" %aa la!$ %!l!h

'era$"! e$a#! *e$a%a #! #aerah ya$ #!$aa&a$ 5!ra, &!$! Mya$ar.

O"+r!"a% ya$ a#a a %a$a" leah, %eh!$a "!#a& a* e$a!$

&e%elaa"a$ !$#!!#7!$#!!# ya$ a#a #! #ala &el+*+& "er%e'". C.. #! #ala

%!%"e #!a$a "!#a& a#a$ya *e$a%a, #e!&!a$ "l!% 5r+0$, C ya&$!, #!a$a

a$ar&! 'er&a%a, %ea &el+*+& har%lah e$ye#!a&a$ *er"aha$a$ #!r!$ya%e$#!r!7%e$#!r!J 13Se"!a* &el+*+& re%ah, a*a&ah &el+*+& la!$ a&a$

e$yera$ ere&a, a"a a$6aa$ #ar! &el+*+& la!$ a&a$ e#ar #e$a$

'erala$$ya 0a&".

Ter$ya"a &e&era%a$ #! Mya$ar "erha#a* %& !$+r!"a% !" "era#!

%e'el #e+$%"ra%! #a$ *e'e'a%a$ A$ Sa$ S Ky!.1= Per!%"!0a #! Ra&h!$e

1


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!$! e$$&&a$ 'ah0a *e$a$!ayaa$ "er%e'" %"r #!%*+$%+r! +leh $eara.

Se*er"! #!la$%!r +leh AFP, Le'aa Ha& A%a%! Ma$%!a #! Ne0 Y+r&, Aer!&a

Ser!&a", e$e&a$, *eer!$"ah Mya$ar %"r e$#&$ &a*a$ye "erha#a*

"!$#a&a$ &e&era%a$ ya$ #!la&&a$ &e*a#a R+h!$ya.4

Me$r" S"e0ar" Da!e%, r '!6ara Ka$"+r K++r#!$a"+r Ur%a$

Kea$%!aa$ P55 (O;HA P55) #! 5ra, Pre%!#e$ The!$ Se!$ e$a"a&a$,

5ra *erl e$yele%a!&a$ !% &e0ara$earaa$ !" #e$a$ 6ara ya$ *+%!"!- #a$

ea%&&a$ %ea $%r a%yara&a".41

A&ar *e$ye'a' &+$-l!& '!%a 'era%al #ar! *!ha& lar ya$ ea$ %e$aa

$"& !&" "erl!'a" #!#ala &+$-l!& "er%e'". Na%!' M%l! R+h!$$ya %ea&!$

e$&ha0a"!r&a$. D! $eara$ya %e$#!r! #!a$a* %e'aa! !lleal ;!"!e$%, #a$ #!

lar $eara "!#a& #!"er!a. R!'a$ +ra$ M%l! R+h!$ya e$a#! &+r'a$

*e'a$"a!a$. T!#a& ha$ya !", *re%!#e$ Mya$ar, The!$ Se!$ el+$"ar&a$

*er$ya"aa$ &+$"r+er%!al e$%!r M%l! R+h!$ya %e'aa! *e$yele%a!a$

&+$-l!& 'er$a%a e"$!% #a$ aaa #! $eara !". 5ah&a$ #!a e$a0ar&a$ &e*a#a

P55 !&a a#a $eara ya$ 'er%e#!a e$a*$ ere&a.

Me$r" D!re&"r E&%e&"!- Gl+'al F"re I$%"!""e, a&ar"a, ya$ "era#!

#! Ara&a$ !$! '&a$ ha$ya Muslim 'leansing , "a*! a /udha 'leansing .

Me$r" *e$aa" !$"er$a%!+$al !$!, ya$ e$a#! &+r'a$ '&a$ ha$ya

a%yara&a" %l! a*$ 5#ha, "a*! a "era#! 'e$"ra$ *era#a'a$ #!

Mya$ar. A#a *era!$a$ &+r*+ra%! "er"e$" ya$ 'er&+la'+ra%! #e$a$ $"a

!l!"er Mya$ar. Pe!6$ya !r!* #e$a$ A'+$, %e'ah a%alah &r!!$al

ya$ &e#!a$ #!*+l!"!%a%!. U$"& !" har% #!*aha! %&ea 'e%ar$ya. Ya$

%e%$h$ya "era#! a#alah ;lea$%!$ a%yara&a".44

Dar! #a"a ya$ a#a, *a#a "ah$ 1=33, $6l %!%"e 'ar #! Mya$ar./ala*$ re! +"+r!"er !l!"er ya$ e!*!$, "a*! Mya$ar e$$a&a$

4 h""*:$e0%.l!*"a$?.6+rea#24?@24"e$"ara7ya$ar7"e'a&!7e"$!%7r+h!$ya #!a&%e% 4 N+*e'er 414, *&l 8. /!'41 h""*:000.+a!$#+$e%!a.6+6+$"e$"*ea'a"7*''7'aha%7!%7&e0ara$earaa$7

e"$!%7r+h!$ya7#!7'ra1@?42.h"l, #!a&%e% 4 N+*e'er 414, *&l 2.

/!'

44

h""*:000."hel+'al7re!e0.6+6+$"e$"#e"a!l.*h*Bla$!#Q!#1182Q"y*[email protected]/-M0, #!a&%e% 1 N+*e'er 414, *&l 2. /!'

88

http://news.liputan6.com/read/426542/tentara-myanmar-tembaki-etnis-rohingyahttp://www.voaindonesia.com/content/pejabat-pbb-bahas-isu-kewarganegaraan-etnis-rohingya-di-burma/1560024.htmlhttp://www.voaindonesia.com/content/pejabat-pbb-bahas-isu-kewarganegaraan-etnis-rohingya-di-burma/1560024.htmlhttp://www.theglobal-review.com/content_detail.php?lang=id&id=10134&type=105#.UL2XIWfvzMwhttp://www.theglobal-review.com/content_detail.php?lang=id&id=10134&type=105#.UL2XIWfvzMwhttp://news.liputan6.com/read/426542/tentara-myanmar-tembaki-etnis-rohingyahttp://www.voaindonesia.com/content/pejabat-pbb-bahas-isu-kewarganegaraan-etnis-rohingya-di-burma/1560024.htmlhttp://www.voaindonesia.com/content/pejabat-pbb-bahas-isu-kewarganegaraan-etnis-rohingya-di-burma/1560024.htmlhttp://www.theglobal-review.com/content_detail.php?lang=id&id=10134&type=105#.UL2XIWfvzMwhttp://www.theglobal-review.com/content_detail.php?lang=id&id=10134&type=105#.UL2XIWfvzMw


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%!%"e *a%ar .48 Ke"!&a !" a#a $#a$7$#a$ 'ar ya$ $aa$ya The 5nion o&

Myanmar 6oreign !n7estment 4a3. Pay$ h& !$! a#alah *erl!$#$a$

"erha#a* %e&"+r e&%*l+ra%! #a$ *e$e'a$a$ %e&"+r !$ya& #a$ a% ala ya$

el!'a"&a$ &+r*+ra%!7&+r*+ra%! a%!$. Pa#a &a%% Ara&a$ !$! a#alah *er"ar$a$

%+al !$ya& #a$ a% '!. Pa#a "ah$ 4@, *er%ahaa$ a% ;!$a

e$a$#a"a$a$! &+$"ra& a% #e$a$ *eer!$"ah Mya$ar $"& e$el+la

e&%*l+ra%! !$ya&. e&%*l+ra%! !$ya& #a$ a% '! !" e$a#! !$6ara$ '&a$

ha$ya ;!$a "a*! a AS. A*ala! ;her+$ lea#!$ 'era!$ #! %!", a#a a Pe"r+

;h!$a, T!+$&+& Pe"r+le, Pe"r+$a% Malay%!a #a$ la!$. Re*+"$ya re! !l!"er

!$! e*r+"e&%! le0a" $#a$7$#a$ The 5nion o& Myanmar 6oreign

!n7estment 4a3. ;!$a #a$ 'e'era*a $eara ya$ #!lar AS #a$ Er+*a 5ara"

&el!ha"a$$ya le'!h $l. See$"ara AS &e"!$ala$.

Nah, ya$ e$ar!& a%alah M%l! #! Ara&a$ !$! 6e$#er$ e'er!

ra$ 'a! *e$#e&a"a$ %ye"r!6 5!ll ;l!$"+$ ya$ #!"era*&a$ +leh O'aa #a$

H!llary ;l!$"+$. De$a$ #a%ar, K+$-l!& 0!layah !" *erl a#+&a%! ha& a%a%!

a$%!a ya!" LSM, a#! LSM *erl a%&. Dar! *!$" !$!, ere&a a%&

#e$a$ ea&a! &+$-l!& I%la #a$ 5#ha "er%e'". Ta*! "a*a& %a%ara$

%"ra"e!%$ya a#alah %aa ya!" *e$a%aa$ !$ya& #a$ a% '!.

Ya$

#!%aya$&a$ #ala re! !l!"er la! #ar! Ne /!$ %a*a! %e&ara$ !$! ya$

%ea&a$7a&a$ %+%!al!% $eara %"r *a#a #a%ar$ya &a*!"al!% $eara. Sea"!$ya,

#e$a$ $#a$7$#a$ The 5nion o& Myanmar 6oreign !n7estment 4a3,

Mya$ar *a#a #a%ar$ya %e#a$ e$arah *a#a *a%ar, "a*! #! 'a0ah &e$#al!

*e$h $eara. Da$ #!a e*r+"e&%! &+r*+ra%!7&+r*+ra%! $"& 'er&+la'+ra%!

#e$a$ *e$a%a. Te$" #e$a$ %eala 'ayara$ %+%!al$ya.

/!$!! Pen8e6a6 2ari le9el D1.e-ti+

!!!!!!!!! Me$r" 5r+0$, leel #+e%"!& !$! "er&a!" #e$a$ &ea*a$

*eer!$"ah $"& ee$h! &ehe$#a& ra&ya"$ya, *e$arh $a%!+$al!%e #a$

rela%! a$"ar &el+*+& e"$!% #! #ala a%yara&a", %er"a *e$arh #ar! *r+%e%

#e+&ra"!%a%! #ala &+$"e&% rela%! a$"ar &el+*+& e"$!%.42

48 0a0a$6ara &h%% Ae$#a Ter%e'$y! Trae#! R+h!$ya Mya$ar h""*:000."hel+'al7re!e0.6+6+$"e$"#e"a!l.*h*Bla$!#Q!#3=8


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Me$r" 6a"a"a$ %earah, *e$#er!"aa$ e"$!% R+h!$ya #!la! %ea& "ah$

1=


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e'a" ere&a #ah #!&e$al!. Se6ara -!%!& #a$ '#aya, ere&a ea$ le'!h

!r!* #e$a$ +ra$7+ra$ 5e$al!.

Ke"!&a Mya$ar er#e&a *a#a 1=2


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'a!a$ ya$ #!le'!h7le'!h&a$. D! #ala 6er!"a76er!"a "er%e'", &el+*+& e"$!% la!$

%er!$&al! e*er+leh 6a* 'r&, %ee$"ara &el+*+& e"$!% %e$#!r! e*er+leh

$aa 'a!& ya$ %er!$&al! 'er'e#a #e$a$ real!"a%$ya.

Kel+*+& e"$!% la!$ #!*a$#a$ %e'aa! %a" &el+*+& ya$ %e6ara

!$here$ aha" #a$ are%!-. A$+"a &el+*+& e"$!% %e"e*a" ea$#a$

*eahaa$ !$! %e'aa! %a" 'e$"& &e'!a&%a$aa$ lelhr ya$ #!"r$&a$ &e

e$era%! ere&a. T!#a&lah e$hera$&a$, 'ah0a 6er!"a76er!"a a#a" !%"!a#a"

el!'a"&a$ %a" *er"ar$a$ 0a6a$a ya$ er*a&a$ 6er!$a$ #ar! *a$#a$a$

&el+*+& ya$ %a" &e*a#a &el+*+& la!$$ya. 5er'aa! 'e$"r+&a$ ya$ "era#!

a$"ara &e#a e"$!% e$a'ar&a$ 'e"a*a *er%e*%! ere&a "e$"a$ e"$!% ya$

#!!l!&!$ya 'er'e#a.

Sea& &er%ha$ *e6ah *a#a $! 414 lal, ha*!r 4 +ra$ #!la*+r&a$

"e0a% #ar! &e#a 'elah *!ha&. See$"ara 11@. +ra$ &eh!la$a$ "e*a" "!$al

a&!'a" &+$-l!& !$!. I% &e0ara$earaa$ 'a! e"$!% R+h!$ya er*a&a$ !% *e&a

#! Mya$ar, #! a$a &e'a$ya&a$ +ra$ #a$ *eer!$"ah le'!h 6e$#er$

e$ye'" ere&a %e'aa! e"$!% 5e$al!. I%"!lah !" er& &e*a#a *a$#a$a$

ya$ e$a$a* ere&a %e'aa! !ra$ ela* #ar! 5a$la#e%h, e%&!*$

&e$ya"aa$, 'a$ya& #! a$"ara ere&a "elah "!$al #! Mya$ar %e6ara "r$

"er$.

Se$"!e$ a$"!7M%l! #! Mya$ar a "elah 'erla$%$ 'era'a#7a'a#.

Kl!" e"$!% R+h!$ya ya$ le'!h ela* e'a" ere&a #ah #!&e$al!. Se6ara

-!%!& #a$ '#aya, ere&a ea$ le'!h !r!* #e$a$ +ra$7+ra$ 5e$al!. 4=

Seh!$a *er%e*%! "e$"a$ e"$!% R+h!$ya a&a$ "er% ele&a" #! 'e$a& *eer!$"ah

#a$ e"$!& 5#ha Ra&h!$e. A#a *er%el!%!ha$ *aha %e#!&!" %aa a&a$ e!6

&+$-l!& ya$ 'e%ar.

/!! DAMPAK KONFLIK

. Me$r" 5r+0$, %e"!#a&$ya, a#a "!a &e$&!$a$ ya$ '!%a "era#!

%e'aa! a&!'a" #ar! *e6ah$ya &+$-l!& e"$!%, ya&$! "era#!$ya re&+$%!l!a%! %e6ara

4= h""*:!$"er$a"!+$al.+&e+$e.6+rea#41414


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#aa!, *er*!%aha$ e"$!% %e6ara #aa!, #a$ *era$ %a#ara.8 Ta*a&$ya #a*a&

&+$-l!& e"$!% #! Mya$ar !$! &e$&!$a$ #! +*%! *er"aa ya!" "era#!$ya

re&+$%!l!a%! %e6ara #aa!. Hal !$! '!%a #!l!ha" a#a !$#!&a%! !"!&a# 'a!& #ar!

*eer!$"ah Mya$ar $"& e*er"!'a$&a$ ha&7ha& R+h!$ya.

Pre%!#e$ Mya$ar The!$ Se!$ e$a$!&a$ $"& e*erha"!&a$ ha&7ha&

'ar ya$ '!%a #!#a*a"&a$ +leh 0ara e"$!% !$+r!"a% R+h!$ya. Te"a*! Pre%!#e$

The!$ ra $"& e'er!&a$ &e0ara$earaa$ %e6ara *e$h $"& e"$!%

R+h!$ya ya$ %elaa !$! "er#!%&r!!$a%!.

Ke!$!$a$ Pre%!#e$ The!$ !$! #!"ea%&a$$ya #ala %e'ah %ra" ya$ !a

&!r! &e*a#a Per%er!&a"a$ 5a$%a75a$%a (P55). Te"a*! The!$ "!#a& e'er!&a$

a$!, e%&!*$ !%! %ra" "er%e'" e'ah&a$ *ela$ e$ela$ &e#a"a$a$

Pre%!#e$ Aer!&a Ser!&a" (AS) 5ara6& O'aa. I%! %ra" The!$ Se!$, %e*er"!

#!&"!* Associated "ress, Sa'" (1


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Me$r" r'!6ara Peer!$"ah $eara 'a!a$ Ra&h!$e, Mya!$ /!$ +*era%!

&e*e$##&a$ #!la! #! &+"a*raa Pa&"a0. Na$"!$ya +*era%! !$! a&a$ #!la&&a$

#!%elrh $eara 'a!a$ Ra&h!$e. Na$ 'el #!&e"ah! a&%# #ar! &e!a"a$

"er%e'", a*a&ah $a$"!$ya Peer!$"ah Mya$ar a&a$ e'er!&a$ %"a"%

&e0ara$earaa$ 'a! e"$!% R+h!$ya ya$ 'el e$#a*a"&a$$ya. Selah

0ar"a0a$ #! Mya$ar, ea%"!&a$ *r+%e% er!-!&a%! 'erla$%$ #e$a$ 'a!&,

'ah&a$ #! 0!layah "er*e$6!l %e*er"! #! *la S!$ Ma0. Para *e"a% %e$%% "erl!ha"

"ela"e$ e$ya'a$! rah *ara 0ara R+h!$ya, #a$ e$#a"a ere&a %a"

*er%a". Se+a !$! e$a#! la$&ah a0al ya$ 'a!& 'a! &e'era#aa$ #a$

e&%!%"e$%! E"$!% R+h!$ya #! "e$ah &e"!#a&*a%"!a$ ya$ #!ala!$ya.

&A& I'

KESIMPULAN

Pe$el!"!a$ !$! e$y!*l&a$ 'e'era*a hal ya!":

1. A&ar *e$ye'a' &+$-l!& e"$!% #! Mya$ar a#a "!a leel a$al!%!% ya$

#!$a&a$ +leh *e$el!"! ya!":

a. Leel %!%"e!& : *eer!$"ah Mya$ar "!#a& e$a&! %"a"%

&e0ara$eara$ e"$!% %l! R+h!$ya, 0ala*$ ere&a %#ah

h!#* %e6ara "r$ "er$ %ea& ra"%a$ "ah$ ya$ lal. A&!'a"$ya

E"$!% R+h!$ya #!a$a* %e'aa! *e$##& !leal "a$*a %"a"%. Sela!$

a%alah *e$a&a$ "er%e'", a#a &+$%*!ra%! a$"ara *eer!$"ah $"a

#e$a$ *!ha& &+r*+ra%! a%!$ ya$ a&a$ e$e&%l+ra%! !$ya& #a$

a% '!. K+r*+ra%! "er%e'" #ar! AS, ;h!$a, #a$ la!$7la!$. A#a &e%a$

8=


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&+$-l!& "er%e'" %e$aa #!'!ar&a$ aar &e*e$"!$a$ *eer!$"ah '!%a

"er0#.

'. Leel D+e%"!& : D!"e$ah el+'a$ #e+&ra"!%a%! ya$

e$e&a, Mya$ar #!ha#a*&a$ *a#a "a$"a$a$ ya$ 6&* 'e%ar.

A#a$ya &e*e!*!$a$ M!l!"er #!%a" %!%! &eaa$a$ $eara "era!$,

"e"a*! "a*! #! %!%! la!$ %e*er"! e&a$!%e 'er&e$earaa$ ela% e$a#!

"a& %eha", +"+r!"ar!a$!%e e$yera", #a$ ra&ya" #!"e'ar! "er+r7"er+r

*e$6l!&a$, *e$aha$a$, #a$ 'ah&a$ *e'$ha$. Peer!$"ah $"a

!l!"er *a#a &e$ya"aa$$ya "!#a& a* ere#a &+$-l!& a$"ara

&e#a e"$!% "er%e'", %eh!$a 6e$#er$ 'erlar"7lar" 'ah&a$ #ala

0a&" ya$ #e&a" &+$-l!& "era#! la! ya$ e$!'l&a$ el+'a$ *e$$%! 'e%ar7'e%ara$.

6. Leel Per%e*%! : Se$"!e$ a$"!7M%l! #! Mya$ar "elah 'erla$%$

'era'a#7a'a#. D!%&r!!$a%! *a#a 0ara I%la !$! %e6ara $ya"a "er'&"!

#e$a$ *e$+la&a$ *eer!$"aha$ Pre%!#e$ The!$ Se!$ a"a% %"a"% e"$!%

"er%e'". Peer!$"ah Mya$ar h!$a &!$! 'el e$a&! e"$!%

R+h!$ya %e'aa! 0ara$ya. Kl!" e"$!% R+h!$ya ya$ le'!h ela*

e'a" ere&a #ah #!&e$al!. Se6ara -!%!& #a$ '#aya, ere&a

ea$ le'!h !r!* #e$a$ +ra$7+ra$ 5e$al!.

4. Da*a& &+$-l!&. Ta*a&$ya &+$-l!& e"$!% #! Mya$ar a&a$ e$arah &e

Re&+$%!l!a%! #aa!. A#a$ya !$#!&a%! !"!&a# 'a!& #ar! *eer!$"ah $"&

ela&&a$ *e$#a"aa$ la$ "erha#a* 0ara R+h!$ya e$a#! a0al ya$

'a!& "er'&a$ya ala$ #aa!. /ala*$ &eraa$ *eer!$"ah a%!h

"erl!ha" #ala hal *e'er!a$ %"a"% &e0ara$eara$ R+h!$ya, %e"!#a&$ya

*eer!$"ah %#ah e'&a #!r! $"& e$6ar! %+l%! 'a! &+$-l!& ya$

ela$#a $eara$ya.

2


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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

5r+0$ E. M!6hael., C;a%e% a$# I*l!6a"!+$% +- E"h$!6 ;+$-l!6", #ala The

Ethnicity Reader. Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and Migration,

Guibernau dan John Rex (eds, Grea" 5r! "a!$, P+l!"y Pre%%, 1==<

;a#y, Fra$& +h$, A istory o& Modern /urma, ;+r$ell U$!er%!"y Pre%%,

M!6h!a$, 43

H+r+0!", D+$al#, Ethnic Grou$s in 'on&lict , 5er&eley, U$!er%!"y +- ;al!-+r$!a

Pre%%, 1=3@

L!$"$er, 5er"!l, 5ra !$ Re+l":%$ium and insurgency since *+-, /e%!!e0

Pre%%, ;al!-+r$!a, 1==2

L!*har" , Are$#, CThe P+0er7Shar!$ A**r+a6h, #ala 'on&lict and

"eacemaing in Multiethnic 8ocieties, Le!$"+$, Le!$"+$ 5++&%, 1==

May. R., #ala De0! F+r"$a A$0ar, #&&, #on&li #eerasan !nternal, Yaya%a$

O'+r I$#+$e%!a, a&ar"a, 4@

21


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M+le+$, Ley, Metode "enelitian #ualitati& , R+%#a&arya, 5a$#$, 1=3=

S!"h, +h$ Mar"!$, 5ra: insurgency and the $olitics o& ethnicity "olitics in

'ontem$orary Asia , e# '++&, M!6h!a$, 1==3

S!"h, A.D., The Ethnic %rigins o& Nations, O-+r#, 5a%!l 5la6&0ell, 1=3?

Na"%!r . M+h., Metode "enelitian, Ghal!a I$#+$e%!a, a&ar"a,1=33

h""*:ar!$$e0%.6+!$"er$a%!+$ala%!a4@


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h""*:!$"er$a%!+$al.&+*a%.6+rea#414111

program hibah desa

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