Profiting from External Innovation Joel West San Jose State U. Keck Graduate Institute Marcel Bogers U. of Southern Denmark, Sønderborg Industry Studies Conference June 2, 2011 Overview • Our study of inbound open innovation Based on review of 280 OI publications Three-phrase process model Recommendations re gaps/opportunities • Link back to crowdsourcing
Talk by Joel West and Marcel Bogers, presented at the Industry Studies conference, June 2, 2011. See http://bit.ly/jdBxm6 for more info
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Profiting fromExternal Innovation
Joel WestSan Jose State U.
Keck Graduate Institute
Marcel BogersU. of Southern Denmark,
Sønderborg
Industry Studies ConferenceJune 2, 2011
Overview
• Our study of inbound open innovation Based on review of 280 OI publications Three-phrase process model Recommendations re gaps/opportunities
• Link back to crowdsourcing
Inbound Open Innovation
What is “Open Innovation”?
“Open innovation is the use of purposiveinflows and outflows of knowledge toaccelerate internal innovation, andexpand the markets for external use ofinnovation, respectively.”
Source: Chesbrough (2006)See also OpenInnovation.net/definition
Other definitional issues
• Conflating innovation with invention (OK for now) with knowledge or antecedents (not OK) with content (not OK)
• Success metrics Tend to be IP or product output Rarely: financial performance
Profiting from external innovations1. Obtaining2. Integrating3. Commercializing
• External vs. internal innovations Substitutes vs. complements? Absorptive capacity Culture: NIH
• Incentives to integration• Implications for competencies
For producing internal innovations For incorporating external innovations
3. Commercializing
• Commercialization process Similar or different vs. internal innovations?
• Value creation Most common topic Standard NPD metrics
• Value capture Reduced cost or increased margin?
Nonrecursive paths
• Feedback loops R&D feedback Customer/market feedback E.g. “voice of the customer”
• Reciprocal engagement Co-creation Communities Value networks E.g. joint ventures, R&D alliances
Gaps/future research
• Alignment to business models• More rigorous use of “innovation”• Across the entire process• Non-linear models
Open Innovation andCrowdsourcing
What is “Crowdsourcing”?
Source: Howe (2006)
“The act of a company orinstitution taking a functiononce performed by employeesand outsourcing it to anundefined (and generallylarge) network of people in theform of an open call”
Crowdsourcing archetypes
• Online content networks (iStockPhoto)• Open innovation intermediaries (InnoCentive)• Small human intelligence tasks (Amazon
Mechnical Turk)• Peer production and open content (Wikipedia)• Corporate without intermediaries (Dell