www.monash.edu.au PROFESSOR GARY D BOUMA UNESCO CHAIR IN INTERRELIGIOUS AND INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS – ASIA PACIFIC RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY, FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND EDUCATION POLICY: A Multi- faith Society Dilemma Bouma, Gary, Des Cahill, Hass Delall and Athalia Zwartz 2011 Freedom of Religion and Belief in 21 st Century. AHRC http://www.hreoc.gov.au/frb/report/index.html Bouma, Gary 2011 Being Faithful In Diversity: Religions and Social Policy in Multi-Faith Societies. ATF
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PROFESSOR GARY D BOUMA UNESCO CHAIR IN INTERRELIGIOUS AND INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS – ASIA PACIFIC
PROFESSOR GARY D BOUMA UNESCO CHAIR IN INTERRELIGIOUS AND INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS – ASIA PACIFIC. RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY, FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND EDUCATION POLICY: A Multi-faith Society Dilemma - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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www.monash.edu.au
PROFESSOR GARY D BOUMAUNESCO CHAIR IN INTERRELIGIOUS AND INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS – ASIA PACIFIC
RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY, FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND EDUCATION POLICY: A Multi-faith Society DilemmaBouma, Gary, Des Cahill, Hass Delall and Athalia Zwartz 2011 Freedom of Religion and Belief in 21st Century. AHRChttp://www.hreoc.gov.au/frb/report/index.html
Bouma, Gary 2011 Being Faithful In Diversity: Religions and Social Policy in Multi-Faith Societies. ATF
www.monash.edu.au
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MULTI-FAITH SOCIETIES
• BI-CULTURAL / BI-FAITH • HOW MULTI-FAITH
– DEMOGRAPHICALLY - COMMON
– CONSTITUTIONALLY – RARE> MOST EUROPEAN STATES ARE XTN
– IN SELF-IDENTITY – RARER STILL> A CONSEQUENCE OF DEMOGRAPHY
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RELIGIONS AND SOCIAL POLICY
AIMS1. TO PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK FOR
ANALYSING RELIGION AND SOCIAL POLICY – where diversity / pluralism meet.
2. TO PRESENT THE FACTS OF AUSTRALIAN RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY AS AN EXAMPLE OF DIVERSITY
3. TO USE ISSUES RAISED FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND BELIEF AND SOCIAL POLICY AS EXAMPLE OF ‘PLURALISM’
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BASIC ARGUMENT
• NATIONAL RELIGIOUS IDENTITY– INFLUENCES EDUCATIONAL POLICY
• IS AFFECTED BY CHANGES IN RELIGIOUS PROFILE (DEMOGRAPHY)– WHICH ALSO AFFECTS EDUCATION
POLICY
• RECENT INCREASES IN RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY DIFFICULTIES IN SOLVING ISSUES IN EDUCATION POLICY
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HOW ARE RELIGIONS RELATED TO SOCIAL POLICY? FOUR BASIC WAYS
1. As OBJECTS of policy– Limits to Religious diversity, registration,
which are permitted, regulated, ‘charities’
– Civic presence permitted / not
– Training into religious belief in state schools
– Regulation of marriage, burial, food, circumcision m & f
– Usual rules applying to organisations
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RELIGIONS AND SOCIAL POLICY II
2. As INSTIGATORS of policy•Religious ethics and values are sources of images of the ideal society which followers (may/must) seek to make real.
– abortion, RU 486, Religious instruction– Family forms , limits to alcohol availability– 1950s, 1960s anti-discrimination laws– Anti-slavery, child labour,
•Within group diversities now make this harder to achieve
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RELIGIONS AND SOCIAL POLICY III
3. As CRITICS of policy– E.g. gambling, anti-war, no-fault divorce
– Refugee policies, social justice
4. As IMPLEMENTERS of policy– Faith based orgs – social services,
education, hospitals
– High Percentage of tax dollars channelled through FBOs> With what protections??
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AUSTRALIAN SOCIAL POLICY CONTEXT – RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY
SOURCES OF DIVERSITY•Migration – Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus
– Catholics - substantial growth since 1947
•Conversion – Pentecostals, Spiritualities•Rise of NONES•Note Australia has been multicultural for over 40,000 years
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RELIGIOUS CHANGE IN AUSTRALIA
% in 1911 1947 1966 1991 2006 2011 2021
Anglican 38.4 39.0 33.5 23.9 18.7 17.1 13
Catholic 22.4 20.7 26.2 27.4 25.8 25.3 23
MCPRU 26.5 22.1 19.4 12.9 8.7 7.7 5
CHRIST’N 96.9 88.0 88.2 74.1 63.9 61.1 50
NONES 0.2 0.3 0.8 12.9 18.7 22.3 32
Other Rels 0.8 0.5 0.7 2.6 5.6 7.2 11
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AUSTRALIAN RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY III
IN 2011 – Smaller Groups• More Buddhists (2.5) than Baptists (1.6)• More Muslims (2.2) than Lutherans (1.2)• More Hindus (1.2) than Jews (0.4)• Sikhs (0.3) up from 0.1 in 2006• 4 X Witches 8k (0.04) as Quakers 2k (0.1) • Pagans 17k (0.08), 14k Baha’i (0.06)• Atheists (59k; 0.27) up 88%,
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AUSTRALIAN RELIGIOUS IDENTITIES
• ‘No Religion’ #1 in 5 of 8 territories and Capital cities
• In Sydney: RC > None > Anglican > Islam> Buddhist > Uniting > Presbyterian.
• In Melbourne: RC > None > Anglican >Orthodox > Uniting > Buddhist > Islam > Presbyterian > Hindu > Pentecostal.