PROFESSIONAL WORK ETHIC OF PHARMACISTS IN GOVERNMENT TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN BAGUIO AND BENGUET
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A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Facultyof the Graduate SchoolBaguio Central UniversityBaguio City
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In Partial Fulfillmentof the Requirements for the DegreeMaster in Public Administration
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Sharon M. CuyuganJanuary 2015APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis proposal entitled, PROFESSIONAL WORK ETHIC OF PHARMACISTS IN GOVERNMENT TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN BAGUIO AND BENGUET, prepared and submitted by SHARON M. CUYUGAN, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, MASTER IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (MPA), has been reviewed and examined and is hereby endorsed for acceptance and approval for proposal defense.
LOUELLA M. BROWN, Ed.D. Professor 300-A
PROPOSAL EXAMINATION COMMITTEE
JOSE R. BALCANAO, Ph.D.Chairman
LOUELLA M. BROWN, Ed.D. ESTRELLA V. BISQUERRA, Ph.D. Member Member
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researcher wishes to thank the following for their assistance in the completion of this dissertation proposal:The Good Lord, for giving the researcher sufficient encouragement so she may pursue this challenging endeavor;Her family, for all the support, understanding and unconditional love;Members of the proposal committee, Dr. Jose R. Balcanao, Dr. Estrella V. Bisquerra, and Dr. Louella M. Brown, for their critiques and helpful suggestions;To the librarians of BCU for providing some of the reference materials;And to all those who, in one way or another, contributed in the completion of this manuscript.
To God be the glory!
S.M.C
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No.Title Page iApproval Sheet .. iiACKNOWLEDGMENT .. iiiTable of Contents .. ivFigure USED .... viChapter1The ProblemBackground of the Study 1Conceptual Framework ... 4Paradigm of the Study 7Statement of the Problem and Hypotheses . 7Scope and Delimitation of the Study . 9Definition of Terms 10Significance of the Study . 112Design and MethodologyResearch Design .. 13Locale and Population ... 13Data Gathering Tool ..... 14Validity and Reliability of Research Instrument . 14Data Gathering Procedure ...... 15Statistical Treatment of the Data .... 15
References ..... 18
AppendicesA. Letter to the Respondents ... 19B. The Questionnaire .... 20Curriculum Vitae ...... 23
Figure used
Figure Page No.
1Paradigm of the Study ....... 8
18
Chapter 1The ProblemBackground of the studyWork ethic are standards or values that generally are based around conscientiousness. Mostly, they are thought to benefit a person morally, thereby improving their character. These ethic can include preserving social skills, being reliable, and being resourceful wherever needed in a work setting.Work ethic include not only how one feels about their job, career or vocation, but also how one does his/her job or responsibilities. This involves attitude, behavior, respect, communication, and interaction; how one gets along with others. Work ethic demonstrate many things about whom and how a person is. Work ethic involve such characteristics as honesty and accountability. Essentially, work ethic break down to what one does or would do in a particular situation. The begging question in a situation involves what is right and acceptable, and above board, versus what is wrong, underhanded, and under the table. Throughout the last few years, there have been companies whose work ethic -- honesty, integrity and accountability -- have been rather shady and have a rather negative impact on other people. This has involved people looking the other way when people have done something questionable, or thinking it would not matter. Work ethic, such as honesty (not lying, cheating, and stealing), doing a job well, valuing what one does, having a sense of purpose and feeling/being a part of a greater vision or plan is vital. Philosophically, if one does not have proper work ethic, a persons conscience may be bothered. People for the most part have good work ethic(s); we should not only want to do, but desire to do the proper thing in a given situation. Work ethic are intrinsic; they come from within. A question may involve where they came from, if they come from within. Philosophically, this may lead to various perspectives; however, the truth about work ethic, and where they come from are answered from a Christian worldview. Work ethic come from God the creator. God made humans in His image, and His word proclaims these various work ethic -- honesty, integrity, doing a job well, keeping things above board, and accountability factors. Workplace ethic is integral in fostering increased productivity and teamwork among employees. It helps in aligning the values of the institution with those of the workers. Achieving this alignment requires consistent dialogue regarding the values of the institution, which enhances community, integrity and openness among employees. Ethic enable your workers to feel a strong alignment between their values and those of your business. They show such feelings through increased productivity and motivation. Ethical conduct in the workplace encourages a culture of making decisions based on ethic. It also enhances accountability and transparency when undertaking any decisions. During turbulent times, a strong ethical culture guides one in managing such conflicts by making the right moves. It can help one to introduce change successfully in the organization, which can be a challenge. Ethical conduct within the business sensitizes employees on how to act consistently even in difficult times (Russel, 2015).Employers provide ethical principles for the workplace so that all employees follow the same standards, regardless of personal values and different cultural backgrounds. The principles allow them to voice their opinions freely and without fear, creating a sense of belonging for each employee in the workplace. To implement effective ethical principles in the workplace, employers must set out the objectives of the company orally and in writing.Ethical principles in the workplace can come into question when an employee needs to make a decision. A decision might involve fairness, truth or values in the workplace. It may concern a legal matter, professional or personal conflict. Even if an employee believes that he can get away with a decision and "no one will know," the decision could involve ethical principles. Employees confused about ethical principles in the workplace should be able to turn to their supervisors for guidance (Ramjee, 2015).The above facts and issues prompted the researcher to assess the work ethic of pharmacists in government tertiary hospitals of Baguio and Benguet.
Conceptual FrameworkWork ethic can be described as a set of values, which involves the right attitude, correct behavior, respect for others and effective communication. Essentially, work ethic regulate what an employee would do in different situations in office. The habit of following good work ethic is intrinsic - it comes from within. It involves our morality and other values, apart from what our parents have taught us. Workers exhibiting good work ethic are considered eligible for better positions and more responsibilities. These are the kind of people who are very sincere about the kind of work they do; they understand fully well how they have an effect on everyone. They generally know how their actions have a direct impact on other people at work. This conscientiousness persuades them to cultivate a responsible outlook to everything they do. These people do not need prodding like people who behave or work with slackness. The valuable assets of an office, these wonderful workers are highly reliable and are appreciated by their superiors for the wonderful uniqueness that they bring to the workplace. It is what most of the employers are looking for in a candidate. Hence, it becomes important to be honest, responsible and dependable. Honesty. Any job assigned to a person should be done with utmost honesty, without cheating, lying or stealing. It is psychologically proven that if a person does not follow work ethic, his/her conscience will be bothered at all times. Honesty is an attribute that always shines through. If their superior knows that the person is honest, he will trust him/her with anything blindly, even with the most confidential of the things. If one wants to be intricately involved in the decisions that matter in the institution then one have got to develop this wonderful quality. Dependability. Those who are dependable are considered reliable as well. Hence, it is necessary to develop the quality of being a responsible person. This will, in turn, foster excellent results and set one as a good example for those around him/her. If one is made in-charge of something or given an important task to finish then make it a lifes priority to complete it. Every time there is a need for one to be dependabletake it seriously. Once the person is famous for your dependability, one will be treated as an asset and be given the most important responsibilities.Efficiency. Efficiency is vital for ones own growth as well as for the betterment of the company one is working with. It is very easy to spot inefficient employees, who waste a lot of time and resources. However, efficiency is still a hallmark of good workers. Positive Work Habits. Inculcate good working habits that will impress the people whom one is working with and the superiors as well. Coming to work late, dressing inappropriately and shuffling jobs are considered as signs of not following good work ethic. If one have been assigned with a particular task then stick with it and do not whine about it. Help others whenever one can and always be ready to take up a new project or role. Think of the whole office as your responsibility and make sure that no ones time is wasted. Initiative. To be successful in whatever one does, it is vital to take initiatives. Dont wait to be told what to do. If one is doing the right thing in an acceptable manner, do not hesitate to take initiatives. If one thinks that something needs to be done and your sense of wrong and right tells one that it is imperativethen just do it. One does not have to think twice for it. Humility. Humbleness and modesty are amongst the necessary elements of good work ethic. Only a fool is arrogant, while a wise person always shows traits of humility. If one will think of yourself as a part of the whole then one will not feel the need to bring in ones ego between each and everything. The key is to not expect too much out of your subordinates and not to take the words of ones superiors negatively. If one is successful and really good at what he/she does then never flaunt it on everyones faces, it is a fact for one to rejoice not for everyone else to feel bad about themselves. Positive Attitude. Maintaining a positive attitude at work is very important to accomplish ones tasks successfully. This is because ones colleagues get affected by ones mannerism and respond accordingly. If one thinks something is difficult to achieve then find out all the ways that one can achieve it in. Do not keep a negative approach to anything work related or behavioral. Your aim should be to focus on the solution not the problem.
Paradigm of the StudyThe paradigm of the study consists of the independent variables found in the first column of Figure 1 are as follows: 1) Ethical communication patterns in the workplace; 2) Practice of work ethic among the pharmacists; 3) Skills in ethical problem-solving processes among the pharmacists; and, 4) Problems encountered in the practice of work ethic.The dependent variables are enumerated in the second column as follows: 1) Extent of manifestation of ethical communication patterns among the pharmacists; 2) Extent of practice of work ethic among the pharmacists; 3) Level of skills in ethical problem solving processes among the pharmacists; and, 4) Degree of seriousness of problems encountered in the practice of work ethic.Statement of the ProblemThe focus of this study is to assess the work ethic of pharmacists the government tertiary hospitals of Baguio and Benguet.Specifically, the study will seek to answer to the following questions:1. What is the extent of manifestation of ethical communication patterns among the pharmacists of government tertiary hospitals of Baguio and Benguet?2. What is the level of practice of work ethic among the pharmacists of government tertiary hospitals of Baguio and Benguet?
Independent Variables Dependent Variables 1. Ethical communication patterns in the workplace
2. Practice of work ethic among the pharmacists
3. Skills in ethical problem-solving processes among the pharmacists
4. Problems encountered in the practice of work ethic.
1. Extent of manifestation of ethical communication patterns among the pharmacists
2. Extent of practice of work ethic among the pharmacists
3. Level of skills in ethical problem solving processes among the pharmacists
4. Degree of seriousness of problems encountered in the practice of work ethic.
Figure 1Paradigm of the study
3. What is the level of skills in ethical solving problems among the pharmacists of government tertiary hospitals of Baguio and Benguet?4. What is the degree of seriousness of problems encountered in the practice of work ethic among the pharmacists of government tertiary hospitals of Baguio and Benguet?Null Hypotheses1. There is no significant difference in the perceptions of pharmacists I and pharmacists II regarding the extent of manifestation of ethical communication patterns among them.2. There is no significant difference in the perceptions of pharmacists I and pharmacists II regarding the practice of work ethic among them.3. There is no significant difference in the perceptions of pharmacists I and pharmacists II regarding the level of skills in ethical solving problems among them.4. There is no significant difference in the perceptions of pharmacists I and pharmacists II regarding the degree of seriousness of problems encountered.Scope and DelimitationThe study will be conducted in the government tertiary hospitals of Baguio and Benguet during the fiscal year 2015. The purpose of this study will be delimited in looking into the work ethic of pharmacists along the following areas:
1. Extent of manifestation of ethical communication patterns among the pharmacists;2. Level of practice of work ethic among the pharmacists;3. Level of skills in ethical problem solving processes among the pharmacists; and, 4. Degree of seriousness of problems encountered in the practice of work ethic.The respondents will include the 11 pharmacists II and 15 pharmacists I from the participating institution.The questionnaire will be the main tool in gathering data and information from the respondents.Definition of TermsThe following terms are defined operationally/conceptually for the readers to understand the research better.Pharmacists. They are healthcare practitionerwho checks and distributes drugs to doctors or patients as prescribed. They also advise patients and health care providers on the selection, dosages, interactions, and side effects of medications, and act as alearned intermediarybetween a prescriber and a patient. For this study, they are those who currently practice in the government tertiary hospitals in Baguio and Benguet.Problems. These are the hindrances or challenges experienced by the pharmacists with regard to their practice of ethic in the workplaceTertiary Government Hospital. It is defined as a major hospital that usually has a full complement of services includingpediatrics,obstetrics,general medicine, gynecology, various branches ofsurgeryandpsychiatry with the necessary diagnostic and therapeutic equipment with the expertise of trained specialist and personnel. It is funded and supervised by the local and national government. In this study, Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center and Benguet General Center were the only hospital and Baguio and Benguet that fits the criteria.Work ethic. It is defined as living and acting in ways that are consistent with the principles of good behavior exercised in the workplace. It is about doing the right thing. Further, it refers to well-based standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do.Ethical communication patterns. It refers to the extent to which the patterns of communication are open and respectful.Ethical habits. It refers to the overall ethical principles and values that characterize the departments environment.Ethical problem solving process. It refers to how typically the department employ ethical problem-solving processes.Significance of the StudyIt is essential that leaders include an assessment of ethic - the qualities and impacts of their actions on others. Persons with integrity are trusted with leadership, executing collective values and goals and making decisions that affect others. They exemplify human values despite enormous pressures toward expediency and self-interest. Such individuals who have achieved respected leadership positions are held up as examples for all to follow. First, the result of this study will benefit the researcher being a pharmacist herself that she may have a better comprehension of the work ethic exercised by her colleagues and identify the challenges that impedes professional development and in promoting healthier working environment.For the administration. The results of the study would provide them with relevant information needed to generate innovative measures to enrich the work ethic of their employees hence improving job satisfaction and increasing productivity.For the pharmacists. This study will serve as an avenue to express themselves about the practice of work ethic in their respective department. The results of this study will also help them to generate relevant changes or programs that would address the hindrances identified in this study.Finally, to other researchers. This will serve as an inspiration to do more research as what their profession calls and consequently to be more competent in their chosen field.
Chapter 2Design and MethodologyThis chapter includes discussion of the research design, locale and population, data gathering procedure, data gathering tool, validity and reliability of the research instrument and the statistical treatment used in the study.Research DesignThe research design to be used by the researcher is the descriptive-survey design with the questionnaire as the main tool used in gathering the data. Informal interview, observation and participation and library techniques will be used to supplement the data gathered through the questionnaire. The design is descriptive because the study aims to described the current work ethic practiced by the pharmacists as perceived by themselves.Locale and Population of the StudyThe study will be conducted in the government tertiary hospitals of Baguio and Benguet. There are only two acknowledged tertiary hospitals that are government- owned in Baguio and Benguet namely Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center and Benguet General Hospital. Total enumeration will employed to determine the number of respondents where all the 11 pharmacists II and 15 pharmacists I will serve as respondents of the study. Table ADistribution of RespondentsNAME OF INSTITUTIONPharmacists IPharmacists II
1. Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center109
2. Benguet General Hospital52
TOTAL1511
Data Gathering ToolThe researcher will gather data using a questionnaire. Enclosed with it is a letter addressed to the respondents. It focused on the work ethic of pharmacists of the selected institutions. Part 1 containing seven items will be on the extent of manifestation of ethical communication patterns among the pharmacists. Part 2 will cover the level of practice of work ethic among the pharmacists with 10 items. Part 3 will include the extent of manifestation of ethical communication patterns among the pharmacists with six queries. And part 4 comprised of seven items will deal on the degree of seriousness encountered in the practice of work ethic.The questionnaire will be provided with a clear direction instructing the respondents to check the options applicable to them.Reliability and Validity of the Research InstrumentThe questionnaire was adapted from the Hospital Pharmacy Management Manual provided by the Department of Health and base from Republic Act 5921 or The Pharmacy Law. Afterwards, it will be shown to the researchers adviser for improvement in order to establish its validity to gather needed information to answer the specific questions of this study.The Spearman-Brown Method (Subong, 2006) will be used to establish the reliability of the questionnaire after a pretest to 10 pharmacists who are not part of the actual number of respondents.Data Gathering ProcedureBefore floating the questionnaire, a letter of request to administer questionnaire from the Dean of the graduate school will be secured first and then permission to conduct the study will be obtained from the proper authorities from the participating hospitals. The researcher will personally distribute the questionnaire to the target respondents. This is done in order to explain to the respondents the proper accomplishment of the questionnaire. It will be during the distribution and retrieval of the questionnaire that some informal interviews will be conducted. Likewise, observations will be made to further augment data gathered.Statistical Treatment of the DataThe data to be gathered in the study will be tallied, classified, tabulated and subjected to the weighted mean and ranking. fWM = NWhere:WM = Weighted mean = summation f = frequencyN = total number of casesThe responses will be treated with a three-point Likert scale with their respective statistical limit and descriptive equivalents.1. Extent of manifestation of ethical communication patterns among the pharmacistsNUMERICAL VALUESTATISTICAL LIMITSDESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT
SYMBOL
32.34 3.00Highly ManifestedHM
21.67 2.33Moderately ManifestedMM
11.00 1.66Least ManifestedLM
2. Level of practice of ethical habits among the pharmacists
NUMERICAL VALUESTATISTICAL LIMITSDESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT
SYMBOL
32.34 3.00Very Much PracticedVMP
21.67 2.33Moderately PracticedMP
11.00 1.66Least PracticedLP
3. Level of skills in ethical problem solving processes among the pharmacists
NUMERICAL VALUE
STATISTICAL LIMITSDESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENTSYMBOL
32.34 3.00Highly SkillfulHS
21.67 2.33Moderately SkillfulMS
11.00 1.66Least SkillfulLS
4. Degree of seriousness of problems encountered in the practice of work ethic
NUMERICAL VALUE
STATISTICAL LIMITSDESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENTSYMBOL
32.34 3.00Very SeriousVS
21.67 2.33Moderately SeriousMS
11.00 1.66Not SeriousNS
In conclusion, for the difference of responses among the pharmacist, independent sample t-test (Subong, 2006) will be applied with the formula of:
X - X2t = X + X2 1 + 1 N + N2 - 2 N N2
Where:
X = mean responses of the first groupX2=mean responses of the second groupX=summation of the processed responses of the first groupX2=summation of the processed responses of the second groupX= summation of the squares of the processed responses of the first groupX2= summation f the squares of the processed responses of the second groupN = number of respondents of the first groupN2= number of respondents of the second group
ReferencesGood work ethic. (February 17, 2015. Retrieved from http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/good-work-ethic-3842.htmlNorthouse, P.G. (2001).Leadership: Theory and practice (2nd ed.).Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Russel, A. (2015). The benefits and importance of ethic in the workplace. Retrieved from http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/benefits-importance-ethic-workplace-7414.htmlRamjee, P. (2015). Ethical principles in the workplace. Retrieved from http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/ethical-principles-workplace-657.htmlRepublic Act 5921 (February 20, 2015). The pharmacy law. Retrieved from http://rxistsource.blogspot.com/2013/06/republic-act-no-5921-pharmacy-law.htmlSubong, P. (2006). Statistics for Research: Applications in Research Thesis and Dissertation Writing, and Statistical Data Management Using SPSS Software.Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.Sumineg, E. (2014). Work Ethic of officials and employees of the bureau of plant industry Baguio National Crop Research and Development Center (EPI-BNCRD). Unpublished Masters Thesis. Baguio Central University. Baguio City.What are work ethic. (February 17, 2015). Retrieved from http://www.allaboutphilosophy.org/what-are-work-ethic-faq.htmAPPENDIX A
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY#18 Bonifacio St., Baguio CityGraduate Program
Dear Respondent,The undersigned is conducting a study entitled PROFESSIONAL WORK ETHIC OF PHARMACISTS IN GOVERNMENT TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN BAGUIO AND BENGUET. In this connection, she earnestly requests your cooperation in answering the herein attached questionnaire. Rest assured that all data gathered through the questionnaire will be treated with strict confidentiality.Your cooperation and kind consideration of this request is highly appreciated.
Very truly yours,
Sharon M. CuyuganResearcher
APPENDIX BQUESTIONNAIRE
Personal Information:
Name: ______________ (optional) Position: ______________ Institution: _________________________________________ Age: _________________________________________ Years of Experience: _____________________Highest Educational Attainment: _________________________________
PART I: Extent of manifestation of ethical communication patterns among the pharmacistsInstruction: Put a check mark on the box under the appropriate column your assessment of the extent of manifestation of ethical communication patterns.NUMERICAL VALUEDESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT
SYMBOL
3Highly ManifestedHM
2Moderately ManifestedMM
1Not ManifestedNM
Ethical Communication Patterns3(HM)2(MM)1(NM)
1. Mutual trust and respect exist within the department and among the groups
2. There is respect for the views of others
3. Honesty and openness characterizes relationships among the pharmacists
4. The current norms governing the department are communicated and understood.
5. The environment provides freedom to share feelings and thoughts.
6. A champion for an ethical cause is not silenced by the environment.
7. There is a willingness to ask for help and consultation when a problem arises.
PART II. Level of practice of work ethic among the pharmacistsInstruction: Put a check mark on the box under the appropriate column your assessment of the level of practice of work ethic among the pharmacists
NUMERICAL VALUEDESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT
SYMBOL
3Very Much PracticedVMP
2Moderately PracticedMP
1Not PracticedNP
Work Ethic3(VMP)2(MP)1(NP)
1. Sense of accountability within the organization
2. Desire for and a sense of fairness
3. Respect for the views of others
4. Principles of the organization are integrated into the work of the organization
5. Sense of the right thing to do
6. Consistency between the values of individuals and those of the organization
7. Allows addressing an issue from an ethical perspective
8. Willingness to sacrifice and pay a price in order to do the right thing
9. Willingness to recognize a problem as an ethical one
10. An ability to set priorities for ethical and other issues
PART III. Level of skills in ethical problem solving processes among the pharmacistsInstruction: Put a check mark on the box under the appropriate column your assessment of the level of skills in ethical problem solving processes among the pharmacists.NUMERICAL VALUE
DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENTSYMBOL
3Highly SkillfulHS
2Moderately SkillfulMS
1Not SkillfulNS
Problem-Solving Processes3(HS)2(MS)1(NS)
1. A search for options is encouraged
2. An ongoing commitment to joint discussion and resolution among the parties involved is evident
3. Data and facts are available and analyzed
4. Alternative choices of action are perceived as available
5. Time is taking to resolve the problem
6. People are willing to accept consequences, including adverse ones
PART IV. Degree of seriousness of problems encountered in the practice of work EthicInstruction: Put a check mark on the box under the appropriate column your assessment of the degree of seriousness of problems encountered in the practice of work ethic.NUMERICAL VALUE
DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENTSYMBOL
3Very SeriousVS
2Moderately SeriousMS
1Not SeriousNS
Problems3(VS)2(MS)1(LS)
1. Heads are difficult to approach or talk to
2. Professional jealousy
3. Fellow pharmacists are difficult to get along with
4. There is laxity in supervision or lack of motivation
5. Too much agitation and rumors among personnel
6. Unequal distribution of workloads
7. Too competitive working environment
CURRICULUM VITAEPERSONAL DATA:Name:SHARON MATILDO CUYUGANDate of Birth:February 6, 1978Place of Birth:Valenzuela, Metro ManilaCivil Status:MarriedHusband:Napoleon Licuanan CuyuganChildren:Paul Justine M. CuyuganTatiana Felize M. CuyuganPatricia Therese M. Cuyugan
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:Graduate :Master in Public AdministrationBaguio Central UniversityBaguio CityOngoingTertiary:Pines City CollegesBaguio City1997 to 2000
Saint Louis UniversityBaguio City1994 to 1997
Secondary:University of Baguio High SchoolBaguio City1990 to 1994
Primary:Mabini Elementary SchoolBaguio City1984 to 1990
EXAMINATION PASSED:Board of pharmacy given in July 3 to , 2000.WORK EXPERIENCE:Pharmacist IIBaguio General Hospital and Medical CenterBaguio CityMarch 15, 2014 to present
Laboratory AideBaguio General Hospital and Medical CenterBaguio CityJanuary 16, 2013 to March 15, 2014
Pharmacist I Job OrderBaguio General Hospital and Medical CenterBaguio CityJuly 16, 2011 to January 15, 2013
Contractual Clerk with Job Description as PharmacistsBaguio General Hospital and Medical CenterBaguio CityOctober 16, 2002 to July 15, 2011
PharmacistsBaguio General Hospital and Medical CenterBaguio CityFebruary 1, 2002 go October 15, 20002
SEMINAR/CONFERENCE/WORKSHOP/SHORT COURSES
1. Enhancing the Pharmacists and Drugstore Participation in the Control of Tuberculosis Through the Pharmacy DOTS InitiativePhilippine Pharmacists AssociationOctober 18, 2014
2. Medicine Access Program for Mental Health Post GraduateLecture on Psychotropic MedicationsDepartment of Health/National Center for Mental HealthOctober 12, 2014
3. Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) and Food Drug Administration (FDA) UpdatesPhilippine Society of Hospital Pharmacists Bagiuo-Benguet and Mountain Province ChapterAugust 23, 2014
4. 2014 Nationwide Continuing Professional Education (CPE) Seminar with the theme Access to Pharmacists, Access to Better HealthPhilippine Pharmacists AssociationJune 14, 2014
5. Distance Learning Program on the Rules of Conduct and Ethical Behavior in the Civil ServiceCivil Service Commission Cordillera Administrative RegionNovember 22, 2013
6. Role of Pharmacists in Antibiotic Stewardship and Infection ControlPhilippine Society of Hospital Pharmacists May 24, 2013
7. 2013 PPHA National Convention The Filipino Pharmacists for Better Health OutcomesPhilippine Pharmacists AssociationApril 25 to 27, 2013
