Professional Practice UNIT 5

8/12/2019 Professional Practice UNIT 5

1/12

qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwert yuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopas

PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE

G.SUSHRUTHA

09031AA014B.ARCH(REG)

8/12/2019 Professional Practice UNIT 5

2/12

Index:

1. Introduction2. Types of offices for architectural practices3. Scope of work4. Staff structure5. Filing of records6. Correspondence and drawings7. Presentations in drawings8. Recording minutes of meeting9. NBC and fire safety measures of a building.

8/12/2019 Professional Practice UNIT 5

3/12

Unit - VTypes of offices for architectural practice; staff structure; filing of records; correspondence anddrawings; maintenance of accounts; presentations in meetings, recording minutes of meeting. A smallreport to be prepared by each student after visiting an architect's office.Role of consultants and Co-ordination between different consolation on a big project.Study of building bylaws to enable to design and prepare drawings for submission to concerned bodies.

National building code, Fire prevention and safety measures.

TYPES OF ARCHITECTURAL OFFICES There is considerable opportunity for architecture graduates to select both the type and size of office in which they work. Traditional architecturalpractices are usually structured on one of two basic models.

FIRST MODEL

DESIGNERS,LANDSCAPE DESIGNERS. STRUCTURAL EXPERTS, PRODUCTION DRAFTS MEN.

SPECIFICATION WRITERS.

SECOND MODEL divides the office into teams, each team being responsible for the project from start to finish. There may be various specialistson the team or consultants may be employed. A team may be working on several jobs simultaneously, but will have little, if any, responsibility forother projects being undertaken by other teams.

Few offices precisely fit these simplified models, and many have certain aspects of both. Some architectural firms subcontract with consultantsand other firms for major portions of the project, thus keeping their own staff t o a minimal number.

SCHEDULE OF SERVICES :

The Architect shall, after taking instructions from the Client, render the following services:

CONCEPT DESIGN [STAGE 1] :

Ascertain Client's requirements, examine site constraints & potential ; and prepare a design brief for Client's approval. Prepare report on site evaluation, state of existing buildings, if any ; and analysis and impact of existing and/ or proposed

development on its immediate environs. Prepare drawings and documents to enable the Client to get done the detailed survey and soil investigation at the site of the project.

PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND DRAWINGS [STAGE 2] :

Modify the conceptual designs incorporating required changes and prepare the preliminary drawings, sketches, study model, etc., forthe Client's approval along with preliminary estimate of cost on area basis.

DRAWINGS FOR CLIENT'S/ STATUTORY APPROVAL S [STAGE 3] :

Prepare drawings necessary for Client's/ statutory approvals and ensure compliance with codes, standards and legislation, asapplicable and assist the Client in obtaining the statutory approvals thereof, if required.

WORKING DRAWINGS AND TENDER DOCUMENTS [STAGE 4] :

Prepare working drawings, specifications and schedule of quantities sufficient to prepare estimate of cost and tender documentsincluding code of practice covering aspects like mode of measurement, method of payments, quality control procedures on materials& works and other conditions of contract.

APPOINTMENT OF CONTRACTORS [STAGE 5] :

Invite, receive and analyse tenders; advise Client on appointment of contractors.

CONSTRUCTION [STAGE 6] :

Prepare and issue working drawings and details for proper execution of works during construction. Approve samples of various elements and components. Check and approve shop drawings submitted by the contractor/ vendors. Issue Certificate of Virtual Completion of works.

COMPLETION [STAGE 7] :

8/12/2019 Professional Practice UNIT 5

4/12

8/12/2019 Professional Practice UNIT 5

5/12

Project Architect

The Role of P roject Architect:

Develop & coordinate development of major and minor projects as a team member and/or team leader. Provide Architectural and Project Management support & advice to the architectural department and other departments within

company.

Monitor projects at all stages of development for conformance with company standards and to required approved national &international standards.

Contract Architect

This medium size architectural practice require a Contract Architect for office to work on a variety of projects. Role will involveproduction of quality drawing packages i.e. the production of presentation and technical material.

The successful candidate will have a recognized qualification in Architecture 1-3 years post grad experience and a good knowledgeand understanding of current building regulations and planning laws, with techinical proficiency being essential.

Architectural Technician

This medium sized Chartered Architects practice are to provide architectural services. The practice designs and administers projects, for a wide range of building types and uses including, Hotels, Residential,

Commercial and Mixed Use developments.

Senior Project Architect

Architectural practice will get a reputation when there is high quality architecture have a wide range of exciting new projects and nowseek a motivated Senior Project Architect to work on a variety of projects.

Successful candidate will have 6-7 years experience, demonstrate a broad range of experience in the residential, leisure andcommercial sectors, excellent design, team leadership, project administration, communication and presentation skills and proficiencyin CAD, with a knowledge of AutoCAD and MS Office.

Senior Design Architect

The high quality architecture having a wide range of exciting new projects and seeking a talented, motivated Senior Design Architect to workcreatively, innovate and provide design leadership and play a pivotal role in design output. Successful candidate will have 4-5 years experience inthe leisure and residential sectors, excellent design & CAD skills, with a knowledge of AutoCAD and MS Office.

Senior Architectural Technician

The quality architecture having a wide range of exciting new projects and to seek a motivated Senior Architectural Technician who is interested inchallenging work and career development.

Successful candidate will have 4-5 years experience in the leisure, commercial and residential sectors, excellent production information andproject administration skills and proficiency in CAD, with a knowledge of AutoCAD and MS Office.

Design Architect

Design Architect works in tandem with the Technical Director / team and all other groups across the organisation. Office portfolio includes Hotels,Bars, Department Stores, Retail Outlets, Restaurants, HQs and Shopping Malls.

The successful candidate will have:

Professional qualification in Architecture 5-10 years experience Architecture/design Excellent design and presentation skills A clear appreciate of client focus Strong interpersonal and communications skills.

An excellent salary and benefits package will be on offer, which will be commensurate with experience.

Creative Design Architect

The most dynamic and progressive design practices also requires a Creative Design Architect to create design solutions that are viewed asleading edge design, with strong commercial awareness that exceed the expectation of the companys clients and lead a highly motivated designteam in the successful delivery of excellent in design, working in tandem with the Technical Director / team and all other groups across theorganisation. Office portfolio includes Hotels, Bars, Department Stores, Retail Outlets, Restaurants, HQs and Shopping Malls.

8/12/2019 Professional Practice UNIT 5

6/12

The successful candidate will have;

Professional qualification in Architecture 10-15 years experience Architecture/design A proven track record of successfully leading teams Drive, enthusiasm and vision to lead business development activities

A clear appreciate of client focus Strong interpersonal and communications skills. Good understanding, knowledge and a proven ability to manage budgets, sales and targets

An excellent salary and benefits package will be on offer which will be commensurate with experience

Site Architect

High profile Architectural practice is seeking self-motivated, proactive Site Architect with 5yrs + large scale commercial / Retail experiencefor a prestigious Retail Development in West Dublin. Excellent technical knowledge and communication skills are required as is previousexperience in managing a site. Strong leadership skills desired along with ability to coordinate consultants and handle all s ite matters.Excellent salary package and career opportunities on offer for successful candidate.

3D Visualization Architect / Architectural Technician

The high profile architectural practice require an experienced 3D Visualization Architect or Architectural Technician to work on 3DPresentations for a broad range of Commercial, Retail and large scale Residential Developments. The successful candidate will have aqualification in Architecture or Architectural Technology and be proficient in computer applications for the generation of 3D images and haveprevious 3D experience in an architectural environment. An excellent salary and the opportunity to work on a variety of exciting andinnovative projects will be offered to the successful candidate.

Graduate Architectural Technician

The high profile architectural practice require a Graduate Architectural Technician to work on a broad range of Commercial, Retail and largescale Residential Developments. The successful candidate will be a recent Graduate in Architectural Technology. Proficiency in CAD isessential . An excellent salary and the opportunity to work on a variety of exciting and innovative projects will be offered to the successfulcandidate.

Filing of records:

Records in architectural offices usually arranged according to the projects and the year of the project deal. Projects are classified accordingto the type of the building such as:

1. residential2. commercial3. recreational4. educational5. institutional6. public buildings

7. conservation and restoration

Records will include the client details, specifications of the projects, year of construction, year of completion, contractors involved in theproject, estimation details, etc.

Correspondence and drawings:

Correspondent is the person who looks after the administrative structure of the organistation. He deals with the approvals needed to theorganization, the rules and regulations required for any project, financial dealings, renewals to be done from time to time that needed to runthe organization, tax payments, salaries to the staff, attendance of the staff,

Drawings in an architect office include all types of drawings starting from conceptual sketches to the final working details. Drawings include:

1. drawing of the site plot approved from the local authority2. conceptual drawings3. preliminary drawings4. drawings adding client desires

8/12/2019 Professional Practice UNIT 5

7/12

5. final design drawings after getting clients approval6. structural drawings:

column, centerline drawings foundation drawings plinth beam columns layout beams, slabs layout dimensions, level difference terrace slab layout

7. parking layout8. internal house layout9. brick/ material layout10. sill and lintel layouts11. windows layout12. doors layout13. finishing drawings (false ceilings; HVAC; ducts)14. electrical drawings:

position of lights in slab, walls, etc switch board position clear dimensions (in plan & sections also) external electrification coming inside (transformer; meter box; distribution) Power connection and power line for mortar, sump.

15. plumbing drawings: top to internal, level at which they are running inside the house detailed drawings of kitchen and bathroom (as plumbing is more in this area)

16. carpentry details17. terrace roof (slab; water proofing; slope of the roof)18. detail of parapet wall: water proofing19. landscape drawings:

grading plan planting plan flowering trees/shrubs plan storm water drains layout rain water harvesting pits total site layout any landscape details

20. other miscellaneous

Presentation in meetings:

All main staff members such as chief architect, design architects, consultants, junior architect, etc usually participate in the meetings.Meetings include project details and they discuss about whether to take up the project or not. Before meeting is conducted the juniorarchitect prepares the drawings, estimations and the reports required for the meeting.

After the project is approved again meetings are held for allotment of the works to the individuals and to make awareness to all thestaff members about the project.

Next meetings will include the developments in works of the project and it also includes the verification to the time & cost schedule ofthe project.

Minutes of the meeting:

Minutes of the meeting includes the resolution of the project that discussed. It contains the number of the persons attended the meeting. It adds suggestions of the each individuals relating to the project and award the work. Minutes of the meeting also considers the conclusions of the meeting.

Records of minutes of the meeting are usually done by junior architect. He files all details of the meetings and gives to chiefarchitect when ever needed.

ROLE OF CONSULTANTS AND CO ORDINATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT CONSOLATIONS ON A BIG PROJECT

CONSULTANTS

For better planning, co- ordination, execution of the work, it is necessary to employ consultants right from the stage of planning. These

consultants are in fact carrying on the duties of the architect and hence they will be required to be paid by the architect unless expressed

otherwise. For any fault of the consultant, he architect is responsible to the owner who can very well sue the architect for damages due to the

consultants negligence and in turn the architect has to file a suit against the consultant for the same, the case will be quite different if the

consultant has been employed by the owner.

8/12/2019 Professional Practice UNIT 5

8/12

THE ROLE OF THE CONSULTANT

1. Uses experience and skills to provide you with recommendations and advise. The implementation of the recommendations may be

performed by a consultant but is more often better performed by the company staff.

2. Gathers information for analysis.

3. Consultants bust use their detachment from the organization as a source for objectivity in their analysis.

4. Works with managers to develop solutions.

CONSULTING SERVICES

1. Solve problems: Consultants are experts in their fields, with specific training in analyzing problems and developing solutions.

Oftentimes they also implement these solutions.

2. Complete a project: They can direct their full attention to a specific task because they are free of the time-consuming daily duties that

occupy management.

3. Focus on results: Consultants focus their attention based on their client's objectives. The degree to which these objectives are

achieved is an important measure of a consultant's success.

TYPES OF CONSULTANTS

In general, these consultants fall into three categories: those that perform a specific service for the project, those that fill more traditional

construction project roles, and those that train crews, managers, and owners.

Service Consultants

Both owners and contractors want to minimize the risks involved in any construction project. To keep potential costs and litigation low, service

consultants are usually hired to oversee certain technical aspects. Many firms have on staff geologists to aid in laying a strong foundation. Others

specialize in offering attorneys who prepare and review contracts, permits, claims and litigation.

These lawyers may also be trained mediators and arbiters in cases where such services may be required. In the case of a complex technical

project, most firms have engineers on staff as well to make sure a project will be structurally sound and that the materials used are the most cost

effective for their durability. When legal cases do arise, many construction consulting firms offer their consultants as expert witnesses.

Project Consultants

Another type of consultant often enlisted on construction projects fills the role of managers. In particular, these project consultants utilize software

and methods that would normally be unavailable to a smaller contractor or construction manager to increase the efficiency of workers, aid in

materials acquisition, and track costs. These consultants often stay on for the entire project, working with owners and contractors to ensure that

the entire process runs smoothly.

In most instances, these individuals take on the role of project or construction manager. However, it is important to note that using a consultant as

a full-time employee may not be cost effective. Instead, it is probably best to fill these positions with contractors or employees, and leave the

consultant to a more advisory position.

Technology consultants

Technology consultants provide implementation, support, training, and strategic planning services to an organization. They can help managetechnology, implement a project, or determine a solution to effectively meet the needs of a company.

Training

While hiring a consultant to work on a project as a member of the management team may seem to be the best option, it can be costly. As such, it

may be better to hire a consulting firm to train existing employees in the use and execution of cost saving procedures and software programs.

Most construction consultancy firms offer ongoing seminars and training classes in subjects as diverse as ISO 9000, project management, delay

claims, scheduling and planning, cost controls, estimating, quality control, and negotiation tactics for contracts and litigation. These options allowa company to grow, while still taking advantage of the cost and liability saving measures a consultant can provide.

8/12/2019 Professional Practice UNIT 5

9/12

APPOINTMENT OF CONSULTANTS AND SPECIALISTS

The architect even though he is acting as an agent of the owner, has no right or authority to appoint consultants and/or

specialists without the consent of the owner. Initially the architect must ask the owner to appoint his own consultants and

specialists for the job and his duty is limited to advise him for selection of right person. This will result in the contract of

employment between the consultants/specialists with the owner.

At times the owner will ask the architect to appoint his own consultants/specia lists for which he has to be very ca reful as

the architect is responsible to the owner for lapses on the part of the consultant/special ist and at the same time

consultant/specialist is liable to the architect in case of lapses.

The legal position of the architect when he appoints his own structural designer and in case of package deal contract is

quite different. In the former case the architect is liable in case of failure though he has a right of action against the structural

consultant whereas in the latter case, the contractor alone is responsible. The employer had engaged an

Tasks Performed by Consultants

Situation Analysis

Planning

Research

Evaluation

Problem Definition Implementation

Idea Generation

Testing

Design

Reporting

Selection

Training

When to Use A Consultant

A consultant can understand your specific market and business challenges. There are many situations when a consultant

represents the most cost-effective solution to your needs. You should consider using them when you need:

Specialized expertise Consultants have the ability to provide specialized expertise and experience to a project when resources

are not available to an organization.

One-time and overload assistance They can provide assistance during a peak period or with unique projects. They can absorb

heavy workloads from permanent employees.

Impartial analysis Consultants can provide an objective point of view. They are independent business people, bringing sound

judgment and an unbiased opinion to any business situation.

Innovation They can act as proponents for innovation and change within a company, providing an outside opinion on a project.

Training Consultants can provide training seminars, both formal and informal, at all levels within a company.

Help on a temporary basis They can be useful during a busy period of business, recommending and training new full-time

employees. Consultants can also perform the work themselves without long-term commitments.

Should the consultant remain on-site?

Advantages

easier access to their expertise

observe all the hours being worked

Disadvantages

cost associated with working full-time

If a consultant is only working when they are at your worksite, then you need to get a new consultant. Consultants should be able to work

independently of the client.

8/12/2019 Professional Practice UNIT 5

10/12

CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES

Construction companies play a central role in the majority of significant building and construction projects. Such companies form the "link"

between most other parties involved in each project, and have huge legal responsibilities and financial obligations to manage. With the right legal

framework in place and an appropriate level of ongoing legal support and advice, construction companies can be assured that they are protecting

their interests and meeting their legal obligations at every step.

ensure that you are well protected from unnecessary liabilities, expense or complications relating to particular projects

minimise expensive delays and resolve problems with construction documents

manage complex legal relationships

protect your interests by negotiating on your behalf project

8/12/2019 Professional Practice UNIT 5

11/12

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE AND FIRE SAFETY MEASURES WHILE DESIGNING A BUILDING.

The National Building Code of India (NBC), a comprehensive building Code, is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating thebuilding construction activities across the country. It serves as a Model Code for adoption by all agencies involved in building construction worksbe they Public W orks Departments, other government construction departments, local bodies or private construction agencies. The Code mainlycontains administrative regulations, development control rules and general building requirements; fire safety requirements; stipulations regardingmaterials, structural design and construction (including safety); and building and plumbing services.

The Code was first published in 1970 at the instance of Planning Commission and then revised in 1983. Thereafter three major amendmentswere issued, two in 1987 and the third in 1997.

Considering a series of further developments in the field of building construction including the lessons learnt in the aftermath of number of naturalcalamities like devastating earthquakes and super cyclones witnessed by the country, a Project for comprehensive revision of NBC was taken upunder the aegis of National Building Code Sectional Committee, CED 46 of BIS and its 18 expert Panels; involving as many as 400 experts. As aculmination of the Project, the revised NBC has now been brought out as National Building Code of India 2005 (NBC 2005).

The comprehensive NBC 2005 contains 11 Parts some of which are further divided into Sections totalling 26 chapters (see Annex 1). The salientfeatures of the revised NBC (see Annex 2) include, apart from other changes made, the changes specially in regard to further enhancing ourresponse to meet the challenges posed by natural calamities and reflecting the state-of-the-art and contemporary applicable internationalpractices.

CONTENTS OF NBC 2005

PART 0 INTEGRATED APPROACH - PREREQUISITE FOR APPLYING PROVISIONS OF THE CODE

PART 1 DEFINITIONS

PART 2 ADMINISTRATION

PART 3 DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES AND GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY

PART 5 BUILDING MATERIALS

PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGNSection 1 Loads, Forces and Effects Section 2 Soils and FoundationsSection 3 Timber and Bamboo3A Timber3B BambooSection 4 Masonry

Section 5 Concrete5A Plain and Reinforced Concrete5B Prestressed ConcreteSection 6 SteelSection 7 Prefabrication, Systems Building and Mixed/ Composite Construction7A Prefabricated Concrete

7B Systems Building and Mixed/Composite Construction

PART 7 CONSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES AND SAFETY

PART 8 BUILDING SERVICESSection 1 Lighting and VentilationSection 2 Electrical and Allied InstallationsSection 3 Air conditioning, Heating and Mechanical VentilationSection 4 Acoustics, Sound Insulation and Noise ControlSection 5 Installation of Lifts and Escalators

PART 9 PLUMBING SERVICES Section 1 Water Supply, Drainage and Sanitation (includingSolid Waste Management)

Section 2 Gas Supply

PART 10 LANDSCAPING, SIGNS AND OUTDOOR DISPLAY STRUCTURES

8/12/2019 Professional Practice UNIT 5

12/12

Section 1 Landscape Planning and DesignSection 2 Signs and Outdoor Display Structures

Fire safety

Fire safety refers to precautions that are taken to prevent or reduce the likelihood of a fire that may result in death, injury, or

property damage, alert those in a structure to the presence of a nuncontrolled fire in the event one occurs, better enable those

threatened by a fire to survive in and evacuate from affected areas, or to reduce the damage caused by a fire. Fire safety

measures include those that are planned during the construction of a building or implemented in structures that are already

standing, and those that are taught to occupants of the building.

Threats to fire safety are referred to as fire hazards . A fire hazard may include a situation that increases the likelihood a fire

may start or may impede escape in the event a fire occurs.

Key elements of a fire safety policy

Building a facility in accordance with the version of the local building code

Maintaining a facility and conducting yourself in accordance with the provisions of the fire code. This is based on the

occupants and operators of the building being aware of the applicable regulations and advice.

Examples of these include:

Not exceeding the maximum occupancy within any part of the building.

Maintaining proper fire exits and proper exit signage (e.g., exit signs pointing to them that can function in a power failure)

Compliance with electrical codes to prevent overheating and ignition from electrical faults or problems such as poor wire

insulation or overloading wiring, conductors, or other fixtures with mor e electric current than they are rated for.

Placing and maintaining the correct type of fire extinguishers in easily accessible places.

Properly storing and using, hazardous materials that may be needed inside the building for storage or operational

requirements (such as solvents in spray booths).

Prohibiting flammable materials in certain areas of the facility.

Periodically inspecting buildings for violations, issuing Orders To Comply and, potentially, prosecuting or closing buildings

that are not in compliance, until the deficiencies are corrected or condemning it in extreme cases.

Maintaining fire alarm systems for detection and warning of fire.

Obtaining and maintaining a complete inventory of firestops .

Ensuring that spray fireproofing remains undamaged.

Maintaining a high level of t raining and awareness of occupants and users of the building to avoid obvious mistakes, such

as the propping open of fire doors .

Conduct fire drills at regular intervals throughout the year.