Subject: Professional Ethics and ResponsibilitiesSession
1-4Content: Introduction to Profession, Professional,
Professionalism, Ethics, Theories ofEthics, Code of Ethics for
DesignerDefne Profession, Professionals, and Professionalism.
Explain three fundamental elements of profession. Explain six
characteristics of professional styles.What are the
responsibilities of desiner to his ! herclient"Profession: A
profession is an occupation, ocation or career !here speciali"ed
#no!ledge of a su$%ect, &eld, or science is applied' It is
usuall( applied to occupations that inole prolonged academic
training and a formal )uali&cation' It is a*iomatic that
+professional actiit( inoles s(stematic #no!ledge and
pro&cienc('+ Professions are usuall( regulated $( professional
$odies that ma( set e*aminations of competence, act as a licensing
authorit( for practitioners, and enforce adherence to an ethical
code of practice' Professional #ody:A professional$od( or
professionalorgani"ation, also #no!nas a professional association
or professional societ(, is an organi"ation, usuall( non-pro&t,
that e*ists tofurther aparticular profession, toprotect
$oththepu$licinterest and the interests of professionals' The
$alance $et!een these t!o ma( $e amatter of opinion' ,ntheonehand,
professional $odiesma(acttoprotect thepu$lic $( maintaining and
enforcing standards of training and ethics in theirprofession' ,n
the other hand, the( ma( also act li#e a cartel or a la$or union
-tradeunion. for themem$ersof theprofession,
thoughthisdescriptioniscommonl(re%ected $( the $od( concerned'
/an(professional $odiesperformprofessional
certi&cationtoindicateapersonpossesses )uali&cations
inthesu$%ect area, andsometimes mem$ershipinaprofessional $od(is
s(non(mous !ithcerti&cation, $ut not al!a(s'
Sometimesmem$ership in a professional $od( is re)uired for one to
$e legall( a$le to practicethe profession0An understanding of the
root !ord profession is re)uired $efore e*ploring the $ehaiors that
characteri"e professionalism'$hree fundamental elements of a
profession:%Adapted from Brown, 1971) & 'alue orientation to
ser'ice for the !elfare of societ(--serice orientation--!elfare of
others is uppermost' &bstract (no)lede used adaptably and
s(illfully in the area of serice--e*pert #no!ledge for the
serice--a theoretical frame!or#' &utonomy in decision*ma(in and
action relatie to the serice--decisions are made and actions ta#en
$ased on e*pertise, #no!ledge and reason' These characteristics
must $e translated $( indiiduals into patterns of action that cone(
the image of a professional person' Professionalism:,*ford
Dictionar(: the competence or s#ill e*pected of aprofessional'
Professionalism, is a$out indiidual modes of $ehaiour that
commandrespect and $uild trust' It is a$out e*cellence in serice as
measured $( recognisedstandards'It isa$out delieringsericesor
!or#ingtostandardsthat meet theneeds of and are e*pected $( our
clients' Such$ehaioursareindeedanecessar(part of
$elongingtoaprofession$utalmost an( trade could $e descri$ed as
professional in these terms1 As an( of ushere #no!s, !hat separates
the professionalism of mem$ers of a professional $od(from the
$ehaiours of other t(pes of so-named professionals, is the
re)uirement tocontinuall(reinforceanddemonstrateour
professionalism, not merel(assert itthrough a one-o2
)uali&cation' And it is our mem$ership of a professional $od(
3one !hich em$odies the distinguishing features I hae de&ned 3
that confers on usthe o$ligation to a$ide $( professional standards
and regulation'It is therefore no longer enough for professions to
sa( to the pu$lic 4(ou must trustme5, toda( !e must earn that trust
and demonstrate: clearl(, openl( and often, !h(that trust should $e
gien'Professionalism is a passion for personal responsi$ilit(,
deotion to a life of serice,commitment to a mission, and openness
to ne! ideas and alternaties'Incontrast, technicians-or
paraprofessionals. de&netheir rolenarro!l(, seenolarger
purpose, set sights lo!, #no! enough a$out their !or# !ithout a
holistic ie!of it'Si* characteristics of professional st(le-- a
professional !a( of $eing-- summari"ed:1. Ethical - moral standard
of conduct. a. Deals honestly with othersb. Maintains
confidentiality regarding professional matters.c. Recognizes
professional biases and bases attitude and action upon a sound
rationale. d. Believes that others recognize the stature of a
professional.e. Does not misrepresent personal qualifications. f.
Faces self honestly.2. Altruistic - regard for and devotion to the
interest of others, unselfisha. Behaves unselfishlb. !evotes
practice to the interests of others.c. !emonstrates motives for
professional practice that are "#$ selfish d. %hows respect for
others.e. %hows positive attitude toward co-wor&ers, children,
adults, and communit members.'. (esponsible- accountable,
answerable, trustworth, and able to respond.a. )romises onl what
can be delivered.b. *ollows through on commitments.c. !elivers on
time.d. %as +no, without guilt. e. -s accountable for own
actions.f. %upports the basic tenets of the profession.g. !evelops
a philosoph and sound rationale for professional practice.h.
$hin&s before reacting.i. *oresees possible outcomes of
professional actions. .. Ma&es decisions based on
possibilities.&. /onsiders the best interest of the client.l.
Evaluates his0her professional practice.m. /onfronts discrepancies
between intentions and actions. n. Assesses own contribution
realisticall.1. $heoretical--sstematic and abstract principles of
professional action.a. )ractices critical thin&ing.b.
/ontributes to &nowledge base.c. %hows appreciation for
scholarship, research and theor.d. )resents the theoretical
foundation of ideas and actions.e. Evaluates own professional
practice in light of new conditions and &nowledge.2.
/ommitted--a lifetime of devotion.a. %pends time beond the call of
dut.b. Belongs to and ta&es an active part in professional
organi3ations.c. -dentifies with the profession both when it is
praised and critici3ed.d. Articulates the profession4s philosoph
and practice to the public.e.5. -ntellectual--feels responsible for
continuous development of professional &nowledge and
s&ills6 learning isnot a tas& but a wa of living and
being.a. (eads current .ournals.b. 7eep abreast of technical
advances.c. (eads about own and related professions and
specialties.d. -nteracts with colleagues to gain new perspectives.
e. )articipates in conferences.f. Enrolls in courses regularl.g.
%trives toward self-improvement.h. !evelopsperformance
s&ills.Coe(inPrinciple-Centered6eadershipsa(s,
7Someha$itsofine2ectienessarerooted in our social conditioning
to!ard )uic#-&*, short-term thin#ing' ' ' ' The )uic#,eas(,
free, and fun approach !on5t !or# ' ' ' The onl( thing that endures
oer timeis the la! of the farm: I must prepare the ground, put in
the seed, cultiate it, !eedit, !ater it, then graduall( nurture
gro!th and deelopment to full maturit(8 -p' 19.'AI:A, the
professional association for design, stimulates thin#ing
a$outdesign, demonstrates the alue of design and empo!ers the
success of designers ateach stage of their careers' AI:A5s mission
is to adance designing as a professionalcraft, strategictool
andital cultural force' ;oundedin1th centur( irtue theor( receied
special attention from philosophers !ho $elieed that more recent
approaches ethical theories !ere misguided for focusing too heail(
on rules and actions, ratherthan on irtuous character traits'
Alasdaire /acInt(re -1