A Presentation on “Professional Ethics – Corporate Value” Two Day State Level UGC Seminar on “Inculcating Professional & Personal Ethics & Value Systems in Students, for a Better Tomorrow” on 25 th February 2009, 11.30 a.m. to 1.00 p.m. 6/6/22 Chhaya Sehgal 1
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A Presentation on
“Professional Ethics – Corporate Value”
Two Day State Level UGC Seminar on
“Inculcating Professional & Personal Ethics & Value Systems in Students, for a Better Tomorrow”
on 25th February 2009, 11.30 a.m. to 1.00 p.m.
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"Winners Never Cheat; Cheaters Never Win"
"If you plot and connive to deceive people, you may fool them for a while and profit thereby, but you will without fail be visited by divine punishment.“ Shinto religion teaching
"There is no more difficult place to find an honest man than on Wall Street in New York City.“ Abraham Lincoln
Moral shortcuts always have a way of catching up.
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Why Ethics?
To enable people to appreciate themselves and others, and to take greater responsibility for their actions and for the world around them.Moral Values are linked to the very definition of ethics.
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Moral Values Are Universal & Diverse
These values may be classified as: Personal Values Social Values Moral Values Spiritual Values and Behavioural values
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Values
Determine•How you go about getting things done•How you treat people•How you spend your time
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•Based on core values•Consensus acceptance•Shared•Penalized for breaches
(dishonesty and manipulative gain are examples
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Ethics
Ethics And Economics•First, economists have ethical values that help shape the way they do economics. This builds into the core of economic theory a particular view of how the economy does work and how it should work.•Second, economic actors (consumers, workers, business owners) have ethical values that help shape their behavior.•Third, economic institutions and policies impact people differently and thus ethical evaluations, in addition to economic evaluations, are important.
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What Is Unethical?•Economic institutions, rules, practices which disadvantage the poor will be viewed as unethical •Ethical behavior requires progressive intent: the poor should benefit disproportionately •Hypocritical behavior viewed as unethical •Advisers who are not “fully honest” viewed as unethical
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Is Business All About Making
Profits ?Ethical Trade Just Doesn’t Fit Neatly Into Numbers
Alone04/08/2023
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Business & Profits…Wealth Maximization of shareholdersLong Term Survival & GrowthProfit MaximizationSales MaximizationCost minimizationIncrease in market shareGrowth of the firm/ businessIndustry LeadershipProduce quality productsIncrease in customer satisfaction
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Every Business Should Have An Ethical Plan Ethics
UK's Institute of Business Ethics (IBE) surveyed 350 firms which showed that 'ethical' companies outperformed those which made no such claims; on three out of four financial measures (market value added [MVA], economic value added [EVA] and price/earnings ratio). IndividualBy empowering the individual, decisions can be made more quickly and efficientlyCommunityThe relationship the business creates are generally its most undervalued assetsProfit making for Self-SustainabilityGreed has hijacked profit making. People never consider that they may not get more by paying less.
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Human ValuesFOR EMPLOYEES:
•Brings out the best in employees as it has been proven by research that
•'Customer satisfaction is contingent on employee satisfaction'.
•Helps in attracting and retaining the best talent. Talent finds comfort in an environment of universal values; and attrition gets reduced.
FOR CUSTOMERS:
•Competition has provided Customers with numerous options. They will choose products and services that satisfy their needs. The identification of unique needs and providing solutions for satisfying them, will attract Customers.
•Helps Customers to build trust in the company.
•Helps in delivering ‘Customer delight’. 04/08/2023
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Profits Are Clearly Linked To Employees
Happy Employee = Happy customersIncrease in employee productivity = Increase in salesCosts on employee is INVESTMENT for futureReduce employee turnover Reduce employee absenteeismIncrease productivity, commitment and engagementIncrease morale and job satisfactionIncrease profitsAttract customers and investors
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•Ethical financial management ultimately refers to total quality consciousness at all the phases of value chain of any enterprise.
•The customer must get the best quality at the reasonable price which ultimately leads to a virtuous cycle of perpetual success as depicted by diagram above.
•Neglecting quality is not just an ethical blunder but also it is very logical, natural and simple that an unethical environment would only promote deficient quality awareness and leads to vicious circle of ethical-financial failure as shown in the diagram ahead. 04/08/2023
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Value For MoneyThis is important because:
• Customers want higher Quality and Value at a lower price. This is an absolute global reality
• A value packed product or a service makes sure that the Customers feel that they have received Value for Money
• It helps in creating Customer delight and makes them ‘brand ambassadors’
• It enables to concentrate more on substance rather than style
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Market Leadership Can Be Retained For Years If Quality
And Ethics Go Together
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Entrepreneurship And Ethical Financial Management
•True entrepreneurship can be nourished only if an all round ethical financial planning and control system is created and used.
•Ethical entrepreneurship requires cultural support and a constant assessment at all levels in the organization.
• Ethical economics is normally disturbed by one or more of the three aspects of the overall performance framework – end targets, means and methods to achieve such targets and the time within which the targets are to be achieved.
•The organization, its division and employees may be guided by assessment matrix as suggested below considering the broad industrial bench marks. 04/08/2023
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Every Business Should Have An Ethical Plan
The results of ethical practices normally start late on the performance curve of the organization. It
is also expensive but the results are big and sustainable compared to those unethical and
shortcut tactics and relationships.
One has to work hard to establish the brand equity practicing high standard of ethics.
The following long term self supportive cost effective chain of business iterations gets
activated again and again once ethical brand equity has been established. 04/08/2023
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Beliefs
Identity
Vision
Mission
Purpose
Values
ETHICS
Goals
Targets Results build CORPORATE VALUE
“Wisdom denotes the pursuing of the best ends by the best means.”
– Frances Hutcheson
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“The best leaders operate in FOUR DIMENSIONS: VISION, REALITY, ETHICS AND COURAGE. These are the four intelligences, the four forms of perceiving, the languages for communicating that are required to achieve meaningful, sustained results.” – Peter Koestenbaum
To us in Wipro our primary satisfaction comes not only from the robust financial results but from the fact that this success has been built upon a strong foundation of values.
Azim H. PremjiChairman, Wipro Corporation.
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Wipro vs software companies
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Industry Score Board >> IT >> Software >> Large
Company Name Equity Gr. Blk Sales NP NP Var% Mkt. Cap. P/E
Mantras for excellence• First, we create an obsession with excellence.
• Second, we need to build a collective self-confidence.
• Third, we must understand the difference between perfection
for its own sake and excellence.
• Fourth, we must realise that we cannot be the best in
everything we do. We must define what we are or would like to
be best at and what someone else can do better.
• Fifth, we must create processes that enable excellence.
• Sixth, we must create a culture of teaming.
• Seventh, invest in excellence for the future.
• Finally, excellence requires humility.
AZIM PREMJI04/08/2023 09:50 AM
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“The surest way to reveal one’s character is not
through adversity but by giving them power.” –
Abraham Lincoln
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•Tata Steel led by Ratan Tata, Chairman of Tata Sons, and Muthuraman, CEO of Tata Steel in 2006 and 2007 spent millions of dollars on education, health, and agricultural development projects,in 800 villages near Jamshedpur the headquarters of Tata Steel.
•Though the business carries his name, he only draws a salary from Tata Sons, Ratan Tata takes personal modesty very seriously and what really excites him is his ability to combine the philanthropic heritage of the Tata group with modern business sense.
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•He has clearly developed a global footprint for the Tata companies by the aggressive acquisitions of Tetley Tea (UK), Daewoo Commercial vehicles (Korean company) and Corus Steel (UK) (Media Reports, Tata Sons, 2007).
•Through his development of a now much hyped low cost people’s car, “Nano” Ratan Tata reinforces his legacy of commitment to the common man while at the same time recognizing the explosive profit potential in the growing segment of the upwardly mobile in India.
•Ratan Tata is a leader with a strong sense of ethics and who has tried to be competitive in the new era of globalization while continuing to maintain the hallowed legacy of benevolent paternalism of its founder Jamshetji Tata.
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“The supreme quality for leadership is unquestionably
INTEGRITY.Without it, no real success is
possible no matter whether it is on a section gang, a football
field, in an army, or in an office.”– Dwight David Eisenhower
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NARAYANA MURTHY, is one of the co-founders and the first CEO and Chairman of the Indian IT Outsourcing company Infosys.•Founded in 1981, Infosys was first Indian company to be listed on the US stock exchange, (Nasdaq) in 1999.•In 2007, Infosys had over 50,000 employees and over $2 billion in revenues.• The company has been voted “the best employer in India” two years in a row in a survey conducted by Hewitt Associates.•In 2006 Narayana Murthy was voted as the most admired CEO in India for the fifth year in a row.•Several factors make Infosys stand out, but the most significant one has been its founder CEO AND CHAIRMAN, NARAYANA MURTHY.•His ethics, values and leadership style have shaped the company’s reputation, growth and performance.
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Narayanamurthy, the CEO of Infosys was exemplified for his humility
• “ I want Infosys to be a place where people of different genders, nationalities, races, and religious beliefs work together in an environment of intense competition but utmost harmony, courtesy, and dignity to add more and more value to our customers day after day.” •Despite all the accolades and the praise he has received, Narayana Murthy remains simple, humble and caring father figure for the employees of Infosys (Wikipidea, 2007).
Conventional Business Equation
S + E = R S = Strategy
E = Execution
R = Results
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Source: The Speed of Trust – Stephen M R Covey
(S + E) X T = R
T = TRUST
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Revised Business Equation
Source: The Speed of Trust – Stephen M R Covey
Why is Trust important for business?
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Trust Time Cost
Whether you are paying THE TRUST TAX or reaping THE TRUST DIVIDEND and what is THE TRUST INDEX of your Business?
Source: The Speed of Trust – Stephen M R Covey
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Business Benefits of TRUSTProductivity
• Caliber of Employees
• Quality Products
• Innovation & Risk-Taking
Costs• Turnover Costs• Resistance to
Change• Health-Care
Costs
Result: Increased Customer
Loyalty & Profitability
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Essential elements of a Great Place to Work ®
TRUSTINDEX
Credibility
Respect
Pride
Fairness
Camaraderie
Two way Communication Manager’s Competence
Levels of Integrity
Professional SupportCollaboration
Demonstrated Caring
EquityImpartiality
Justice
For the JobAbout my Team
With the Organization
Individuality is valuedWelcoming AtmospherePart of something larger
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Great Place to Work®
An Emphasis on People
Leaders articulate a vision and values, and commit to creating a great workplace.
Managers at all levels must consistently live the values and foster trust, pride and camaraderie.
Employees recognize their important role in creating a great workplace and support trust-building behaviors.
A Great Place to Work® is one where you:
EmployeeEmployee
...have pride in what you do...
JobJob
...and enjoy the people you work with.
Other EmployeesOther Employees
Trust the people you work for...
ManagementManagement
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•“Just as TRUST is the key to all relationships, so also is TRUST the glue of organisations. It is the cement that holds the bricks together.•I have also learned that TRUST is the fruit of the trustworthiness of both people and organisations. •TRUST comes from three sources: the personal, the institutional, and one person consciously choosing to give it to another – an act that leads me to feel your belief that I can add value.•YOU GIVE ME TRUST AND I RETURN IT.•TRUST is a verb AND a noun. When it’s both a verb and a noun, it’s something shared and reciprocated between people. •That is the essence of how a person becomes the leader of their business. •THEY MERIT TRUST BY GIVING IT.” – Stephen Covey
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The 4 cores of Credibility4. Results
Competence
3.Capabilities
2. Intent
Character
1.Integrity
CORPORATE VALUE
“CHARACTER, in the long run, is the decisive factor in the life of anindividual and of nations alike.”– Theodore Roosevelt
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Values & Ethics
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People who have VALUES have no Price Tag and neither do they Value themselves
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It is Priceless - Value
•The moment Price is set on Values, the values lose their value
•No possible gain can make up for that loss
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What Money Won’t Buy•It is not uncommon to hear that everyone has a price
•People who talk that language are really up for sale themselves
•People with “CHARACTER”, “INTEGRITY” and the “RIGHT VALUES” are not for Sale
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How Does Our Value System Change?
•With constant Exposure, what is intolerable becomes acceptable and translates into involvement
•And all through the Transition process, Justification keeps taking place
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An integral part of a good Value System is Commitment
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Commitment
Our strongest relationships in Business or Personal
lives are tied together with the invisible something
called Commitment.
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Commitment•When our value system is clear it becomes a lot easier to make Decisions and Commitments
•Unkept commitments result in dishonest behavior
• No relationship whether personal or professional, will work if people said something to the effect….
Today, breaking a promise is considered no big deal
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Commitment continued…..
•I will try but I can’t Commit•I will do it but don’t count on me•I will be there if I can, but don’t get your hopes up•I will be there, so long as you do well•I will be there so long as you are in good health•I will stick with you till I find something better
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A letter from Satyam EmployeeDear All, I (Satyam Employee) am deputed at client location and came across a very interesting conversation in cafeteria yesterday.One of my co-worker, also deputed with the same client through some lesser known two room company, mustered guts to ask me sarcastically in front of entire team, "So, Satyam is gone! What are you guys planning to do now?" In normal circumstances, I have a habit to not to reply to lose talks, but in front of entire team.... I thought I need to fix this guy's thought process. I asked him, as my military training has imbibed in me the habit to fight till last breadth, "Who says Satyam is gone when I am very much alive here and committed to create value on behalf of my company?". He shot back, "Hello Mr., your chairman has resigned, you guys are facing financial turbulence and you still have a face to say that Satyam is not gone!" At this juncture, I thought of replying to this guy in his own language. I asked him, "Tell me, what will you do and where will you go if our
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country India was not there?" He was not prepared for thislevel of thought and asked back, "What a stupid question, How can India be gone, it is a country?" I asked him back, "Country! What makes a country? Land? Economy? Our Prime Minister? Our President? Our Geography? Or the PEOPLE? If our PM resigns, will you say India is gone? If our economy faces a slowdown, will you say India is gone? But yes, if the people of a country are lost for any reason, we will say that country has no meaning. Who cares of vast land of Antarctica today which has just one permanent resident, Father Georgy? Which country does it belongs to? Why does not it have any government? Why does not it have any economy? Or, how many countries were there when humans used to hunt for food in pre-historic times? Countries, Wealth, Infrastructures and booming economies are nothing but creations of efforts of PEOPLE, and they do not have any existence on their own. And the final blow was, "When one man can create Satyam as an organization of 53,000 people, why not 53,000 committed people can rebuild one SATYAM?"
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Commitment
When a person makes a commitment to someone, he is really saying, “You can count on me no matter what,” and “I will
be there when you need me.”
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Commitment•Unconditional Commitment says, “ My Behavior is predictable in an unpredictable future.”
•Regardless of the uncertainty, Commitment says “You can Count on me.”
•A person who makes a commitment is willing to give up a lot.
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CommitmentCommitment Says:
1. I am willing to sacrifice because I care.
2. I am a person of Integrity and you can Trust me.
3. I will not let you down.
4. Despite pain, I will still be there.
5. I will not let you down in GOOD TIMES OR IN BAD TIMES.
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Commitment
•Commitment is not like a legal Contract which is “Enforceable”
•It’s foundation is not a signed piece of paper but CHARACTER, INTEGRITY, and EMPATHY
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Commitment
•Commitment is not like a legal Contract which is “Enforceable”
•It’s foundation is not a signed piece of paper but CHARACTER, INTEGRITY, and EMPATHY
• Commitment to Customer implies giving “Good Service”
•Commitment to Job implies “Integrity”
•Commitment means not quitting at the first option or sign of problems
Individuals with STRONG COMMITMENTS build STRONG ORGANIZATIONS
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Commitment
• Commitment to Customer implies giving “Good Service”
•Commitment to Job implies “Integrity”
•Commitment means not quitting at the first option or sign of problems
Individuals with STRONG COMMITMENTS build STRONG
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Commitment
Where the Value system is conflicting, people cannot live in the same home, they cannot work in the same Organization
Commitment To Values
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Old Values Are Not ObsoleteValues considered Universal are:
• Responsibility, • Integrity, • Commitment, and • Patriotism
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Old Values Are Not Obsolete
• They have stood the test of time and will be here forever
• These values have the same meaning in New York as in New Delhi or New Zealand
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• Values and Ethics are not just designed for good times, but also to prevent bad times
• They are like the laws of the land which you need when people are good and you need even more to protect them from the bad
Ethics
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• Values and Ethics are not just designed for good times, but also to prevent bad times
• They are like the laws of the land which you need when people are good and you need even more to protect them from the bad
• That is why the conscience hurts when making an unethical choice and does not hurt when making a wrong personal choice
Ethics
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• Those who believe that Ethics cannot be generalized but vary with every situation
• Come up with Justification and keep changing their Ethics from situation to situation, and person to person
• This is called “SITUATIONAL ETHICS” This is Ethics of Conveniences rather than Conviction
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Situational Ethics
• An Organization becomes good or bad, based on the Ethical Values of Individuals
• And what gives Organization its strength is ethical values
Benchmarks
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Benchmarks• People are changing moral values by giving
new names and it is glamorized today• Liars are glorified as Extroverts with an
Imagination• "everyone does it“
“WE MUST BECOME THE CHANGE WE SEEK IN THE WORLD.”
– Gandhi
“We want THAT EDUCATION by which character is formed, strength of mind is increased, the intellect is expanded, and by which one can stand on one’s own feet”. Swamy Vivekananda
Business Ethicists have noted a common belief of MBA faculty that, since their students are adults, they are too mature to be taught ethics. It is often stated that you can't teach business ethics. Many recent corporate scandals are stated as evidence.
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A Business Week survey of over 2700 readers found that business people question the utility of business ethics education, and the majority of the respondents said that ethics education is better taught outside of the business school. (Business Week Online, 2003) Thus, it is clear that stakeholder scepticism represents an obstacle to the acceptance, prioritization, and development of EFFECTIVE BUSINESS ETHICS EDUCATION.
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EFFECTIVE BUSINESS ETHICS EDUCATION
•Some believe that by the time students enrol in college-level business courses their values have already been formed, rendering ethics education a waste of time.
•Others have argued that business is best conducted as a self-interested venture, suggesting that ethics are not of prime importance in a business context.
•Finally, others point to the failure of ethics training programs provided by businesses to prevent their employees' unethical behaviour.
Arthur Andersen, in particular, developed a reputation for integrity and led the business community in ethics training, while at the same time Andersen auditors and consultants frequently behaved unethically, contributing to the collapse of Enron and WorldCom (Toffier, 2003).
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EFFECTIVE BUSINESS ETHICS EDUCATION
Myth no. 1. Values Are Formed Prior to Higher Education
•Studies that have compared the moral development of freshmen to the moral development of seniors in colleges have shown a significant and positive effect for educational experiences •Additional longitudinal studies indicate that even a couple of years of college experience produces higher moral development than no college experience, and that more college experience in general promotes greater moral development than less college experience.• Statistical differences between these groups persist even after age is controlled
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Myth no. 2. Ethics Are Irrelevant in a Business Context
Milton Friedman, Adam Smith, and Gordon Gecko (who proclaimed that "greed is good" in the 1987 movie “Wall Street”)
•Milton Friedman's (e.g., 1970) writings on the social responsibility of businesses were not intended to advocate unethical, selfish behaviour in the name of capitalism.•Friedman believes that self-interests must be exercised within the law, in accord with ethical customs, without deception or fraud, and in open and free competition (James & Russekh, 2000).04/08/2023
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Myth no. 2. Ethics Are Irrelevant in a Business Context; continued….
•Similarly, Adam Smith did not equate the term "self-interest" to greed or selfishness (James & Rassekh; 2000; Williams, 1997).
•In 1759 Smith published The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Therein Smith describes self-interested behaviour within the bounds of self-control, regard for the well being of others, an internal sense of justice, and externally enforced justice.
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Myth no. 3. Teaching Business Ethics Does Not Work
•A third reason for skepticism stems from the escalating occurrence of business related scandals. •Teaching business ethics must not work given the many instances of corporate scandal within firms that provide ethics training: 1. Moreover, a 2002 Conference Board Survey found that a majority of corporate ethics officers did not believe that Enron could have prevented their internal corruption and ultimate demise with ethics training (Taub, 2002). 2. If ethics training does not prevent unethical behaviour, how can business ethics education be efficacious?
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Myth no. 3. Teaching Business Ethics Does Not Work ; continued…..
What are reasonable expectations for an ethics training program or for business ethics education?•Ethical behaviour is a function of a variety of personal and situational factors including moral development, norms, coercion, regulations, self-control, and ethics training (Trevino, 1986).• The issue therefore should be: How business ethics education can be a strong link in the chain, rather than searching for ways in which business ethics education alone can eradicate unethical behaviour.
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Goals for Business Ethics Education
GOAL 1--AWARENESS •Business ethics education should enhance students' awareness of and sensitivity towards the ethical consequences of their actions.
•This is perhaps the most common goal of business ethics education, and for good reason. For example, when managers see parties harmed by their decisions they develop greater sensitivity and develop alternative courses of action (Molinsky & Margolis, 2005; Wright & Barling, 1998).
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Goals for Business Ethics Education
GOAL 2- MORAL DEVELOPMENT•Business ethics education should promote students' moral development; an individual's moral development strongly influences decisions regarding right or wrong choices. •Due to the critical role of moral development in determining whether an individual is prone to act ethically, and the evidence indicating that educational experiences can foster moral maturity, an important goal of business ethics education is enhancing moral development.
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•Business ethics education should promote students' ability to handle complex ethical decision making.•For example, consider the dilemma a sales representative faces when asked whether her firm's product is the best available in the market when, in fact, she believes the value of a competitor's product is significantly greater. Approaching the dilemma from a virtue ethics perspective, the most ethical course of action might appear to be an honest disclosure of her opinion. However, a MORE COMPLETE ETHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DILEMMA would consider factors such as duties to her employer and to her family for which she is a provider. •Effective business ethics education equips students with frameworks for recognizing the complexity of ethical dilemmas.
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Goal 3--Handling Complex Issues
Executive Ethical LeadershipThe Good News!
Everyone we interviewed (40 interviewees) was able to quickly think of someone they would identify as an executive ethical leader and answer questions about that person for about an hour. That suggested to us that executive ethical leadership is not as rare as it may seem in the headlines.
Linda K. Trevino, Ph.D. Copyright 2005
Smeal College of Business, The Pennsylvania State University
Ethical leadership research conducted
with Laura Hartman and Michael Brown
supported by the Ethics Resource Center Fellows Program
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Executive Ethical Leadership Reputation Matrix
Weak Strong
Strong
Weak
Moral Person
MoralManage
rHypocritical Leader Ethical Leader
Unethical Leader
Ethically neutral (silent) leader
?
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Ethical Leadership Example
High
High
Moral Person
MoralManager
Ethical Leader
James Burke, Johnson &
JohnsonKnown to be a person of the highest integrity. Reinvigorated and revised corporate credo, launched annual credo survey after Tylenol crisis, required action plans to address problems, handled ethical violations swiftly
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Unethical Leadership Example
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Low
Moral Person
MoralManage
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Unethical LeaderAl Dunlap,
Sunbeam
Lied to employees & financial analysts, was condescending, belligerent and disrespectful of employees, made decisions and rewarded employees based upon bottom line only, left company crippled, accused of filing false financial reports - settled with SEC for half million dollars.
Chhaya Sehgal 90 04/08/2023 09:50 AM
Hypocritical Leadership Example
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Moral Person
MoralManage
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Weak
Hypocritical Leader
Jim Bakker of PTL Ministries
Talked about ethics, religion (doing “God’s work”). Yet, employees became aware of deceptive financial practices, conflicts of interest, lying to donors, theft of donor contributions, sexual liaisons, etc!
Chhaya Sehgal 91 04/08/2023 09:50 AM
Rules of Ethical Leadership
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Chhaya Sehgal 92
•Play By the Rules: Compete fiercely and fairly •Set the example: risk, responsibility, reliability•Revenge is unproductive: Learn to move on•Operate businesses and organizations as if they are family-owned
Winners Never Cheat There are no moral shortcuts in the game of
business -- or life. There are, basically, THREE KINDS OF PEOPLE: the unsuccessful, the temporarily successful, and those who become and remain successful.
THE DIFFERENCE IS CHARACTER. Jon M. Huntsman
Chhaya Sehgal 93 04/08/2023 09:50 AM
Implications for Business Education
• Let’s put the “business” back into “business schools”.•Value creation and trade is the central idea of business schools,•Ethics need Much stronger connections with the practice of business.•We need to focus on the almost lost art of “business judgment”.
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Chhaya Sehgal 95
Implications for Business Education•More prominence for entrepreneurship, leadership, and ethics….especially as thesesubjects are connected to strategy.
•Commit to improving the practice and profession of management.
•Commit to producing leaders that create lasting value to society.
Inculcation of ethics though education
According the Sathya Sai Baba the following five values are necessary for students.v Right Conduct v Peace v Truth v Love v Non-Violence
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Thinking with love is truth, Feeling with love is peace Acting with love is right conduct, Understanding with love is non-violence. - Sathya Sai
.Everyday Values We Learned as Children (But May Have Forgotten) by Jon M. Huntsman (Wharton School Publishing)
. Speed of Trust by Stephen Covey
. The 8th Habit by Stephen Covey
.Building a Great Place to Work
.“Ethical Leadership and Creating Value for Stakeholders” R. Edward Freeman, University of Virginia.Linda K. Trevino, Ethical leadership research, The Pennsylvania State University . Google Search. Sharad Heda CEO- Global Tech Support Microland Limited. Atul Hadap VP- Sales & Marketing Operations WLS