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Possibilities for Waste valorisation : the concept of modular biorefineries Prof. Rafael Luque DEPARTAMENTO DE QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA, UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA http://www.uco.es/~q62alsor/
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Prof. Rafael Luque - UESTuest.ntua.gr/iwwatv/proceedings/presentations/21... · Mechanochemistry (milling) Transformations of platform molecules Biomass valorisation Biofuels production

Oct 21, 2020

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  • Possibilities for Waste valorisation: the

    concept of modular biorefineries

    Prof. Rafael Luque

    DEPARTAMENTO DE QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA,

    UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA

    http://www.uco.es/~q62alsor/

  • Produce Use Dispose

    ITS ALWAYS THE SAME THING………

  • Produce Use Dispose

    Reduce

    Re-use

    Recycle

    Something wrong with this?

  • What do we do?

    Heterogeneous catalysis

    (acid-base, redox, C-C y

    C-heteroatom couplings)

    Microwave assisted

    catalysis

    Flow Chemistry

    Supramolecular gels

    Nanomaterials

    Supported nanoparticles

    Microwave nanocatalysis

    Mechanochemistry (milling)

    Transformations of

    platform molecules

    Biomass valorisation

    Biofuels production

    Waste valorisation

    (biorefineries)

    Group leader: Alina M. Balu

    Group Leader:

    Weiyi Ouyang

    Group Leader:

    Sudipta De

  • Feedstock(s)

    biological raw materials

    Environmentally benign

    Processing Technologies

    Food, chemical products and

    energy

    • Food and feed grain

    • Ligno-cellulosic biomass

    • Waste

    • Green Chemical Processes

    • Bio-processes

    • Thermal processes

    • Physical processes

    Integrated facilities that can convert a variety of bio-feedstocks into energy,

    chemicals and other valuable materials cleanly and efficiently maximising

    the value of the biomass and minimizing waste

    BIOREFINERIES

  • WASTE TO WEALTH: FROM RESIDUES TO MARKETABLE PRODUCTS

    Paint additives Biodegradable plastics

    Personal care products

    Coatings and unguents Other derivatives (chemicals, fuels, etc.)

    Green technologies (e.g. microwaves, extraction, fractionation)

    http://www.cbme.ust.hk/rafaluque.html

    http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=www.ethnicbeauty.co.uk/living_nature/images/wavelips.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ethnicbeauty.co.uk/living_nature/ls9.htm&h=375&w=375&sz=11&tbnid=f-yhb_OVHUwJ:&tbnh=118&tbnw=118&prev=/images?q=carnauba&start=40&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=N

  • Biorefinery: The big picture

  • HEMICELLULOSE

    LIGNIN CELLULOSE

    MINOR CONSTITUENTS

    Knowing chemical composition is the

    key to success!!!

    Lignocellulosics

  • ChemSocRev 2011

    Green Chem 2014

    ChemSocRev 2014

    FUELS

    CHEMICALS

  • Wheat

    BioreactionDownstream processing Succinic

    acid

    Derivatives

    Upstream processing

  • Succinic acid as a C4 building block

    HO

    OH

    H2N

    NH2

    O

    O

    H2N

    NH2

    NC

    CN

    O

    O

    O

    O

    H3C

    CH3

    O

    OO

    NO

    H

    NO

    CH3

    HO

    OH

    O

    O Succinic acid

    Tetrahydrofuran (THF)

    2-Pyrrolidone

    N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone

    (NMP)

    Succinonitrile

    1,4-Diaminobutane

    Succindiamide

    1,4-Butanediol

    (BDO)γ-Butyrolactone

    (GBL)

    Dimethyl succinate

    (DBE)

    4,4-Bionolle

    (polyester)

    Applications: solvents, adhesives, printing inks, magnetic tapes, coating resins, plasticizer/emulsifier,

    de-icing compounds, herbicide ingredient, chemical and pharmaceutical intermediates

  • properties

    applications

    Ability to functionalise

    i.e. acid, basic, metallic

    Different forms including

    particles & monoliths

    Range of composites

    High to low conductivity

    Fuel cells

    adsorbency

    catalysis

    Water purification

    chromatography

    Higher temperature materials stable

    to hot water & organic solvents

    High mesoporosity, surface areas

    and surface energies

    From Starch to Starbon®

  • With the mighty team

    at York (UK)

  • Extraction of Phytosterols

    (cholesterol-reducing agents)

    Biores. Technol. 2012, Carb. Polym. 2013; Green Chem 2013; JMaterChem B 2014; Nature Commun. 20155

  • BIOMASS VALORISATION (II)… with

    INCAR (Oviedo) MIP concept

    RSC Adv. 2014

    Gracillaria gracilis

    Table 1. Biochemical composition (% d.w.) of Gracilaria

    gracilis sampled in the Lesina lagoon (Italy).

    Total Lipids 1.98

    Fatty Acids Methyl Esters 0.47

    Proteins 30.93

    Carbohydrates 27.54

    Ashes 27.89

    (EES 2012)

    http://www.cbme.ust.hk/rafaluque.html

  • http://www.uco.es/~q62alsor/

    Green Chem. 2011, 13, 3162

    FOOD WASTE VALORISATION (I)… with Rick

    Arancon (Ateneo Uni)

    2 FOOD WASTE RESIDUES:

    CORNCOBS, WASTE BREAD, OTHERS

    +

    WASTE COOKING OILS

    2 VALUABLE PRODUCTS:

    CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL (CATALYST)

    +

    BIODIESEL

    Gasification

    residue

    J. Natural Gas Chem.

    2012, 21, 246

  • http://www.uco.es/~q62alsor/

    Materials 2013, 6, 1599

    Materials 2013, 6, 4641

    FOOD WASTE VALORISATION (II)… with

    Jaume Cot (IQAC)

    FROM SLAUGHTER WASTE TO BIO-HEALING NATURAL POLYMERS (BIO-COLLAGEN)

    TREATMENT OF WOUND HEALING IN RATS

    Green Chem. 2012, 14, 308

    PCT Patent 2013

  • http://www.uco.es/~q62alsor/

    Porous materials

    FOOD WASTE VALORISATION (III):

    Microwave-assisted

    extraction:

    -simple

    -rapid (5-10 min)

    -efficient

    Unique form of

    mesoporous

    cellulose

    ChemSusChem, 2012; Energy Env. Sci. 2013

  • ChemSusChem 2013

    Green Chem. 2013

  • Conclusions

    Biomaterials Speciality chemicals

    CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL

    PRODUCTS

    MATERIALS, CHEMICALS &

    FUELS

    Biopolymers

    Platform molecules

    BIOMASS &

    WASTE

    Commodity chemicals

  • T. U. Gerngross, Nature Biotechnology, 17, (1999), 541 - 544

    Some food for thought….

    • The synthesis of 1 kg of

    polystyrene requires a total of 2.26

    kg of fossil oil (1 kg to generate

    electricity and 1.26 kg to serve as

    feedstocks for polymer production).

    • The production of 1 kg of PHAs

    requires 2.39 kg of fossil resources.

    Simply deriving chemical

    products from renewable

    resources is NOT ENOUGH!

    Real environmental benefit?

    Biodegradability?

    Toxicity?

    SAFETY!!!

  • Many thanks for your attention!!