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Prof Louis C H Fourie Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape University of the Western Cape Bellville Bellville r Sisulu University e-learning conference London Health Resource Centre ovember, 2009
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Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Jan 16, 2016

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Page 1: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Prof Louis C H FourieProf Louis C H FourieChair in Information SystemsChair in Information SystemsUniversity of the Western CapeUniversity of the Western CapeBellvilleBellville

Walter Sisulu University e-learning conferenceEast London Health Resource Centre3-4 November, 2009

Page 2: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

AgendaAgenda

• IntroductionIntroduction

• E-learning in an Education 3.0 worldE-learning in an Education 3.0 world

• A world of social networkingA world of social networking

• Leadership and ICT PolicyLeadership and ICT Policy

• ConclusionConclusion

• IntroductionIntroduction

• E-learning in an Education 3.0 worldE-learning in an Education 3.0 world

• A world of social networkingA world of social networking

• Leadership and ICT PolicyLeadership and ICT Policy

• ConclusionConclusion

Page 3: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

                    

The Changing Faceof Education in

the 21st Century

http://www.sysco.com/home.html
Page 4: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Running a successful business is like doing a jigsaw puzzle. The problem is

that the pieces and the picture are both changing.

Cyril J. YansouniChairman and CEO

Read-Rite Corp.

Page 5: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

The Internet

eCommerce

Competition

Work, organisations

and the workplace

Industry Transformation

Deregulation

Technology

Globalisation

Several new economic forces have created a complex, dynamic system which exhibits increasing volatility and

enormous growth potential!

A Complex, Dynamic System

DB page 5 - 6DB page 5 - 6

Page 6: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

We are currently undergoing a deep and prolonged

revolution based on digital technologies creating many

new challenges for learning…

Page 7: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

But….

The reform and reshaping of social systems and

institutions has tended to lag behind in periods of

rapid technological change

Page 8: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

It is not the development of It is not the development of technology technology per se per se which poses such a which poses such a challenge to education systems and challenge to education systems and

educational institutionseducational institutions

Page 9: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

but the changing ways in which but the changing ways in which people are using technologies to people are using technologies to

communicate and to communicate and to learnlearn and the and the accompanying social effect of such useaccompanying social effect of such use

Page 10: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Profound innovations in technology tend to be reflected in older

paradigms

Page 11: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

for example the ‘virtual classroom’ or the ‘Virtual Learning Environment’

Page 12: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Education needs to be transformed…

"Learning is what most adults will do for a living in the 21st century." – Perelman

"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates

Source: http://www.etni.org.il/quotes/education.htm

Page 13: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Source: http://farm1.static.flickr.com/125/322112273_1fd19bade5.jpg

Page 14: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

‘Digital natives are always connected’ - Prensky

Source: http://www.prensky.com

Page 15: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

E-learning in an education 3.0 world

Page 16: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Education 3.0 entails a world where the organization of Education 3.0 entails a world where the organization of education is no longer based on scarcityeducation is no longer based on scarcity

Page 17: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Three characteristics of Education 3.0

• The role of students in making choices regarding their way of learning

• Students are socially networked producers of reusable learning content which is available in abundance under licenses that permit the free sharing and creation of derivative works

• Institutional arrangements permit the accreditation of learning achieved, not just of courses followed

Page 18: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

• Digital natives entering higher education• Growing abundance of

free and open educational resources Reusable content and

software• Social networking and the

blurring of the distinction between work and play

Drivers towards Education 3.0

Page 19: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

• Changing attitudes towards learning• New ways to assess & recognize

learning

Drivers towards Education 3.0 (cont.)

Page 20: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

• Digital immigrants who do not understand what has happened in the World Its off the radar screen!

• Institutional arrangements based on scarcity Institutions as island states

Impediments of Education 3.0

Page 21: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

• Lack of knowledge of how to have quality assurance when you are not in control• Financing arrangements for

Higher Education• Digital divide issues in

Africa & developingworld Bandwidth

Impediments of Education 3.0

Page 22: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

The emergenceof the personal

learningenvironment

Page 23: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Personal Learning Environments (PLE)

Set own learning goals

• Learners take control and manage their own learningLearners take control and manage their own learning• Autogogy - the way a learner self-learnsAutogogy - the way a learner self-learns

Global infrastructure

Manage own learningContent Autogogy

Communication

People network

• A way of learning, not a particular technologyA way of learning, not a particular technology

Create oppor-tunities for personal learning

Page 24: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

The future of eLearning?

Page 25: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Yesterday vs. Tomorrow

• Event-based learning

• LMS is king

• Evolving standards

• WYSIWYG

• Content + Presentation

• Push Technology

• Workflow learning

• LCMS with an LMS!

• Mature standards

• Dynamic content creation

• Content – Presentation

• Pull Technology

Page 26: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

• Much more sophisticated as an online user

• Expects on-demand online environment

• Wants snippets of information they need … not courses!

• Wants to know what learners like them used and liked

• Wants a platform for open discussion and opinion

• Does not have to be entertained … just needs the facts

The New Learning Expectations …

Page 27: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Web 2.0: the Social Web

“The social web is transforming the way people use the Internet to do business, access information and connect with each other. It has revolutionised the way we are entertained, and altered forever the way we learn”.

Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2008

Page 28: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

There are over 110 million active users of MySpace

(2008)

Page 29: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.
Page 30: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.
Page 31: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.
Page 32: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Net Generation students

“Only by understanding the Net generation can colleges and universities create learning

environments that optimize their strengths and minimise their

weaknesses”

(Oblinger and Oblinger 2005)

Page 33: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

The reaction of institutions to the rise of social

networking has been at best bewilderment, at worst

downright hostility

A refusal to engage in these issues results in learning becoming increasingly

irrelevant to the everyday lives of students

Page 34: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

and particularly irrelevant to the ways

in which (young) people communicate and share knowledge

Page 35: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Web 2.0 allows

younger people to be

active co-creators of knowledge

Page 36: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

people learn through legitimate participation

Page 37: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

We have to review the industrial learning model including the

organisation of institutions, our pedagogy, curriculum and policy

Page 38: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Leadership and ICT Policy

Page 39: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Government ICT policy

Page 40: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

• Most governments now recognise the central role of ICTs in human development and in the development of a technological and knowledge-based economy.

• They formulated ICT Policies

• Lack on the implementation of the policies

Government

40

Page 41: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

ICT in Education Policy

Any effort to integrate ICT into the education system requires the leadership of the government and the education ministry, working together with other relevant ministries

Page 42: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Why e-Learning?

42

• A country’s capacity to take advantage of the knowledge economy depends on how effectively it can become a “learning economy.”

• This requires drastic shifts in formal education systems to promote life long learning.

• The application of ICTs (and e-learning) can provide essential support to this change process

Page 43: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

University ICT policy

Page 44: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Three pre-conditions for the formulation of an ICT policy

• A thorough understanding of the changing educational environment, preferred technologies and needs of the learner.

• An appreciation of the financial, resource and operational requirements.

• A commitment by the leaders of the institution.

• An integrated support service.

Page 45: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

What constitutes Good Policy?

• A careful analysis of the current context.

• The type of society and economy that is being built.

• The research and analysis of international and local developments and trends.

• An outline of the key issues.

Page 46: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

An ICT policy following a holistic approach

This approach could be used to reflect emphasis on blended learning (rather than just e-learning) using a multiplicity of technologies.

• Kelly, Phipps & Swift developed a blended approach to e-learning accessibility

• This approach focuses on the needs of the learner

• Requires accessible learning outcomes, not necessarily e-learning resources

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/papers/cjtl-2004/
Page 47: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

This is an approach (and policy) where the This is an approach (and policy) where the learner’s e-learning systems need to be under the learner’s e-learning systems need to be under the

control of the learners themselves.control of the learners themselves.

Page 48: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

This approach (& policy) recognises the role of the individual in organising their own learning

Page 49: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

The future of e-learning is learner-centric

(Adler & Rae, Jan., 2002, e-learning Mag)

• The future entails having a personalised learning environment that reflects the individual style and learning needs of the student, and is instantly available. Not only will it be one point of learning entry for everything you need to learn, but it will continue to learn as you learn and modify its behaviour based on interacting with you over time.

Page 50: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

“Learning is not the product of teaching.

Learning is the product of the

activity of learners.”

- John Holt

http://www.flickr.com/photos/tzofia/

Page 51: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Using whatever tools and devices Using whatever tools and devices the learners choosethe learners choose

Page 52: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Current e-learning devices

• Wikis• Blogs• Podcasts/Vodcasts• Electronic discussion groups• m-Learning (Mobile Learning)• Virtual reality - Second Life• Game-based learning

Page 53: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

E-Learning Technologies of Future?

1. Social networks and personalised learning environments

2. Electronic Books3. Intelligent Agents4. Online Language

Support5. Online Mentoring6. Online Simulations7. Peer-to-Peer

Collaboration

8. Reusable Knowledge Objects

9. Virtual Worlds/Virtual Reality/AI

10. Wearable Computing

11. Wireless Technology

Page 54: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Client-centered learning: Learning as the need arises

Page 55: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

University leadership

Page 56: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Leadership

• Create a culture that encourages innovation in e-learning

• Lead the organisation’s ICT vision, strategy and objectives

• Develop, implement and monitor policies for the acquisition, maintenance and use of ICT

• If needed, conduct an ICT development project

Page 57: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Three essentials for embedded e-learning

Staff skills

Curriculum design Infrastructure

TheThe

learnerlearner

Page 58: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

The difficulty of the leadership task

…the future remains stubbornly unknowable, and yet we still

have to design for it……

Page 59: Prof Louis C H Fourie Chair in Information Systems University of the Western Cape Bellville Walter Sisulu University e-learning conference East London.

Questions?Questions?

[email protected]@uwc.ac.za

Questions?Questions?

[email protected]@uwc.ac.za


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