Joachim Schmid OPTIMISATION OF SUSTAINABILITY OF GRAPEVINE VARIETIES BY SELECTING ROOTSTOCK VARIETIES UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND CREATING NEW ROOTSTOCK VARIETIES JoachimSchmid, FrankManty,ErnstRühl GeisenheimUniversity InstitutforGrapevineBreeding
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Joachim Schmid
OPTIMISATION OF SUSTAINABILITY OF GRAPEVINE VARIETIES BY SELECTING
ROOTSTOCK VARIETIES UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND CREATING
NEW ROOTSTOCK VARIETIES
Joachim Schmid,Frank Manty, Ernst Rühl
Geisenheim UniversityInstitut for Grapevine Breeding
Joachim Schmid Titel der Präsentation16.01.2015 2
Entrance to UNESCO world heritage site
Rüdesheim
Joachim Schmid
Joachim Schmid
• Rootstock breeding and the use ofrootstocks is the result and the answer to the introduction of phylloxera
• All present rootstocks are hybrids of wild Vitis species with specific characteristics
Titel der Präsentation 16.01.2015 4
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VITIS RIPARIA
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AdvantagesPhylloxera tolerantvery high frost resistance (<‐40°C)early bud break, early ripeninggood rooting ability
Disadvantagessusceptible to droughtLow lime tolerance
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VITIS BERLANDIERI
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AdvantagesPhylloxera toleranthigh lime tolerancesalt tolerantmedium to good drought tolerance
Disadvantagespoor rooting abilitylate ripening
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VITIS RUPESTRIS
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AdvantagesPhylloxera tolerantgood rooting abilityaverage lime tolerancegood drought tolerance – but susceptible on shallow soils
Disadvantageslow vigour (in the motherblock)early bud break
ROOTSTOCK BREEDERS IN HUNGARY, AUSRTRIA AND GERMANY
Sigmund TELEKI (1854‐1910) & Franz KOBER (1864‐1943)
Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia• Teleki 8 B• Kober 5 BB• Kober 125 AA• Teleki 5 C / 5 C Geisenheim• Selektion Oppenheim 4 / SO 4• Binova
Carl BÖRNER (1880‐1953)
Vitis riparia x Vitis cinerea (x Vitis solonis)• Börner (Geisenheim)• Sori (Geisenheim)• Rici (Neustadt)• Cina (Neustadt)
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ROOTSTOCK BREEDERS IN FRANCE
Alexis MILLARDET (1838‐1902) & Marquis Charles de GRASSET (1830‐1899)
Vitis riparia x Vitis rupestris / Vitis berlandieri / Vitis vinifera• 101‐14 Millardet et de Grasset• 420 A Millardet et de Grasset• 41 B Millardet et de Grasset
DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE ROSCHBACHSCION VARIETY PINOT NOIR CL. 20-19 GM
Vineyard site Roschbach
Year of planting 2002
Row spacing 2,00m
Vine spacing 1,20m
Training system VSP, single cane Guyot
Soil type Clayey loamto loamy sand
Water holdingcapacity (mm)
180
Lime contenttopsoil (%)
0
Lime contentsub soil (%)
0‐5
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Medium vigourMedium vigour
High vigourHigh vigour
Low vigourLow vigour
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE GEISENHEIMSCION VARIETY PINOT NOIR CL. 20-19 GM
Vineyard site Geisenheim
Year of planting 2003
Row spacing 1,80m
Vine spacing 1,30m
Training system VSP, single cane Guyot
Soil type Loamy to clayey loam
Water holdingcapacity (mm)
360
Lime contenttopsoil (%)
8‐20
Lime contentsub soil (%)
20‐40
40
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Medium vigourMedium vigour
High vigourHigh vigour
Low vigourLow vigour
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DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE OPPENHEIMSCION VARIETY PINOT NOIR CL. 20-19 GM
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Vineyard site Oppenheim
Year of planting 2000
Row spacing 2,00m
Vine spacing 1,07m
Training system VSP, single cane Guyot
Soil type sandy loam
Water holdingcapacity (mm)
190
Lime contenttopsoil (%)
15 – 20
Lime contentsub soil (%)
25 ‐ 50
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Medium vigourMedium vigour
High vigourHigh vigour
Low vigourLow vigour
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TELEKI 8B
Teleki 8B
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161-49 C
161‐49 C
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BÖRNER
Börner
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GRAPES OF PINOT NOIR ON THE ROOTSTOCK 161-49C AND ON BÖRNER ON THE TRIAL SITE OPPENHEIM
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161‐49 C Börner
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• Some problems still remain• small genetic basis of the used varieties
(10 varieties grown on 90% of vineyardsworldwide)
• large number of grapevine growing regions(different climates and different soils)
Titel der Präsentation 16.01.2015 48
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PHYLLOXERA RESISTANT ROOTSTOCKS ARE NOT SUITABLE FOR ALL SITES
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Aims of Rootstock Breeding
phylloxera resistence sufficient wood production (cuttings) good grafting affinity good rooting ability adaptation to
soils with high lime content sites with drought conditions
positive effects on grape and wine quality
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HOW CAN WE REACH THIS AIMS ?
by crossbreeding of varietieswith well known characteristicslike:
125 AA5BB41B
Getting a wider genetic range byusing wild Vitis species with specialcharacteristics
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CROSSBREEDING
till now
124 populations> 60.000 seeds> 20.000 seedlings
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NECROTIC REACTION AFTER PHYLLOXERA ATTACK ON THE LEAF
1351 seedlings with total phylloxera resistance
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FEMALE CROSSBREEDING PARTNERS AND THE PERCENTAGE OF PHYLLOXERARESISTANT SEEDLINGS IN THE POPULATION
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
phyl
loxe
ra r
esis
tant
see
dlin
gs
(%)
Berl. R
ess,
125 A
ADog
Ridg
eBino
va16
1-49 C
Georgi
kon 2
8Gm 62
8-1
Ferca
l
V. nov
o mex
icana
5 BB
112 D 41
B10
1-14 M
G14
3 A
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Production of cuttings
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Success in the nursery
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Adaptation to different sites First informations after a few years
A wide range of different soiltypes necessary
Special attention: limestone, high pH Influence of rootstock on vigour, yield and
quality
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ROOTSTOCKS AND CROSSBREEDING FAMILIESUSED IN THE ADAPTATION TRAILS
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Gm 9242-1
Gm 9242-3
New Phylloxera resistant rootstocks on limey soil
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A number ofnew rootstocks
show clear advantages in comparison to the variety Börner
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THE CHOISE OF ROOTSTOCKS INFLUENCES …
vine vigouryieldsugar contentorganic acidsmineral content (K, Ca, Mg)anthocyan contentberry weightstructur of the grapechlorophyll content
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• Thanks to the phylloxera situation viticulture without rootstocks is not possible.
• Rootstocks are crucial for optimal plant growth and wine quality.• Sustainable viticulture is possible only with healthy rootstock and scion
material. • Only clonal selection can guarantee the supply of healthy and virus
tested plant material.• Breeding of new phylloxera resistant rootstock varieties as well as a high
number of selected clones contribute towards a higher biodiversity.• This allows a better adaptation to different soil types and various climatic
situations.
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ConclusionThe introduction of new completely phylloxera resistant rootstocks will contribute to a larger biodiversity, which is a good protection measure against phylloxera and possible new root diseases. Performance characteristics of the new Geisenheim rootstock crosses are comparable with most of the common rootstocks. An increase in rootstock biodiversity is crucial for the future development of a sustainable viticulture.
Joachim Schmid
Apart from enabling the cultivation of vines on phylloxera infested sites, choosing the right rootstock is essential for modern grape quality management.
Choosing the wrong rootstock can have a disastrous effect on wine quality
The right rootstock is- a life insurance against Phylloxera- a guarantee for sustainable wine production