This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernd Noche
M. Sc. Melissa Robles
Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften Abteilung Maschinenbau
Intermodale Transportketten / Intermodal Transport Chains
Former times – worldwide
Cities as central place for the trade, exchange of ideas, natural resources sharing (water), amenities (electricity, entertainment) within short distance.
Benefits for all the city members
Nowadays – Europe
More than 60 % of the European population lives in urban areas where just under 85 % of the EU’s gross domestic product is created. (Commission of the European Community)
Intermodale Transportketten / Intermodal Transport Chains
Sustainable Mobility
Sustainable development is the “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” (World Commission on Environment and Development)
Mobility (2 types)
“Potential mobility” is the capability to reach objectives. “The more activity objectives can be reached in the time available, the higher the potential mobility.” (Umweltbundesamt)
“Realized mobility” is the actual reaching of objectives. “The more activity objectives are actually reached, the higher the realized mobility.” (Umweltbundesamt)
Intermodale Transportketten / Intermodal Transport Chains
Relation between transport and mobility
Mobility generates traffic but,
reaching activity objectives is the decisive
factor for mobility, not the distance traveled!
“The closer the starting point and destination are together, the less traffic is generated for the same mobility.” (German Federal Minister of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety)
Intermodale Transportketten / Intermodal Transport Chains
Dimensions of sustainable mobility [1]
1. Ecology dimension
Rate of consumption of renewable and non-renewable resources by traffic < levels of substitution or regeneration of these resources.
Rate of pollution < environment ability to absorb them.
1. Noise
2. Air Pollution
3. Greenhouse gases
4. Land use and surface sealing
5. Nature conservation
“Urban traffic is responsible for 40 % of CO2 emissions and 70 % of emissions of other pollutants arising from road transport” (Commision of European Communities)
Intermodale Transportketten / Intermodal Transport Chains
Dimensions of sustainable mobility [2]
2. Economy dimension
Short and long term conditions for cost-effective living of citizens and efficient commercial activities of enterprises.
1. Efficient commercial traffic
2. Foodstuff production close to costumers
3. Transportation costs
“Every year nearly 1 % of the EU´s Gross Domestic Product is lost to the European economy as a result of the congestion phenomenon”(Commision of European Communities)
Intermodale Transportketten / Intermodal Transport Chains
Dimensions of sustainable mobility [3]
3. Social dimension
All social groups should be able to participate in social activities in a reasonable time.
Possibility for all groups to use transport systems without suffering injury.
1. Securing necessary mobility for all
2. Quality of streets and places for rest and recreation
3. Traffic avoidance in urban development
4. Reduction of injure and dead risks when using transportation means
“One in three fatal accidents now happen in urban areas, and it is the most vulnerable people, namely pedestrians and cyclists, who are the main victims”(Commision of European Communities)
Intermodale Transportketten / Intermodal Transport Chains
2. Intelligent transport systems
Telematic
“describes the combination of the transmission of information over a telecommunication network and the computerized processing of this information” (Telematique)
Integrated telematic systems provide accurate and current information to passengers and drivers about public transportation means, congestions, hazardous situations, delays, position and many others.
Example: Pre-Trip Information that provides travelers with information about traffic conditions. The traveler´s satisfaction increase together with the anxiety reduction can be mentioned as an advantage.
Bike parking and access to suitable modal shift points
Informa-tion
Information signs Weather and topology
Arcades, bike lift “trampe”
Federal Ministery of Transport, Building and Housing
Fed
eral
Min
iste
ry o
f Tr
ansp
ort
, B
uild
ing
and
Ho
usi
ng
Wanvik
Intermodale Transportketten / Intermodal Transport Chains
The “Communauté d’agglomeration de La Rochelle” groups 18 communes, has an area of 206 Km2 where 140.000 inhabitants enjoy high quality living conditions.
1. “Plan de Déplacement Urbain (PDU)”
Coherent and long term land assignment plan to slow down the vehicle traffic by giving priority to collective transportation
Intermodale Transportketten / Intermodal Transport Chains
Sustainable mobility is an essential element when planning transport systems in cities in order to assure their sustainable development.
The definitions, concepts, technologies and policies for sustainable mobility here presented should give a basis for guidelines to develop sustainable transport systems.
Sustainable mobility systems depend on the specific society needs.
Differences will be observed between the needs of urban and rural areas even between cities because of differences in their life patterns.
Accurate forecasts of travel patterns should be considered to design appropriate policies, technologies and infrastructure for transportation.
A society that is conscious of the effects of their transportation choices will be safeguard for the sustainable mobility.