PRODUCTION Pertemuan 12 Matakuliah: O0382 – Dasar-dasar Produksi Siaran Televisi Tahun: 2010.

PRODUCTION Pertemuan 12

Matakuliah : O0382 – Dasar-dasar Produksi Siaran TelevisiTahun : 2010

Preproduction Planning: From Idea to Script (1/5)

During preproduction planning and process, it is important for producer to take care of preproduction planning and coordination. Therefore, in order to be an efficient and effective producer there are 5 (five) aspects you need to know: (1) the program ideas, (2) production models, (3) the program proposal, (4) the budget, and (5) the script.

Generating and Organizing IdeasAll programs shown on television are originated from the development ideas. It is the idea that enables especially production personnel to create such good programs or performances.

In generating phase, ideas may come from brainstorming session where all production personnel are allowed to raise what they think in mind into concepts. The brainstorming can be conducted by saying it during meeting or writing it down in a more structured way – the way you called it idea clustering.

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Preproduction Planning: From Idea to Script (2/5)

As in organizing stage, the idea will be developed into a close actual implementation.

For example, if the idea is making a talk show program that will mainly discuss social and political aspects; then in organizing stage, it is the responsibility of the program coordinator to take care of who will be the host with the competency of presenting social and political issues, who will be the right guests or how the guests will be invited to the show.

Using Production ModelsIn production model, the production personnel must construct the activities that represent the development of idea into televised message. This stage helps to organize the production process and facilitate the coordination efforts.

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Preproduction Planning: From Idea to Script (3/5)

The production model stage can be drawn in effect-to-cause model, a chart that shows the flow of production activities so that the production can run efficiently and more goal-directed. Below is the example of effect-to-cause model chart started with the idea and ended with feedback.

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IdeaDefined Process

Message

Production

Actual Process Message

Medium requirements:ContentPeopleEquipment

Desired effect on target audience

Feedback

Actual effect on target audience

Preproduction Planning: From Idea to Script (4/5)Writing the Program Proposal

A program proposal is a written document that details what you actually want to do. The document will contain: (1) the title of the program or series, (2) objective (process message), (3) target audience, (4) show format, (5) show treatment (usually includes the angle), (6) production method, (7) tentative budget.

Budget PreparationPreparing budget preparation is required in order to be able

to successfully develop a program. Within budget preparation, it not only contains cost production for obvious item like script, talent, production personnel, studio and equipment rental; but budget preparation will also describe not clearly apparent items like videotape, food, lodging, entertainment, transportation of talent and production personnel, parking, insurance, etc.

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Preproduction Planning: From Idea to Script (5/5)

Script WritingThe task of the script writer is to prepare the dialogue into a

television presentation form. The writer must exactly understand the program before proceeding it to write good dialogue. However, the final result whether the script will then be translated into actual video and audio images will be determined by the director.

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Preproduction Planning: Coordination (1/2)In coordinating the various production elements, the personnel in charge must have a clear view on whether the planned programs would fit with the planned budget and time or whether the planned method will be efficient enough to support the running of the production.

To be efficient, the coordination of production elements can be completed in 5 (five) stages:

1)build clear communication channel with the entire personnel involved in the production by preparing a complete database containing details of the personnel (name, position, email address, or other contact address);

2)facilitate request by listing all the production equipments (camera, properties, costumes);

3)arrange schedules by informing everybody involved in the production process on who is doing what, when, and where.

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Preproduction Planning: Coordination (2/2)

4) take care of permits and clearances by obtaining the necessary permits for the crew who will cover certain event like sports event, or you may also take care of the parking permit close to the event.

5) release publicity and promotion by informing personnel in charge of publicity and promotion department that the upcoming production is in progress. By acknowledging promotion department about your program, you are shortening your work chain of getting as much as audience you want.

Line Producer: Host and WatchdogLine producer is personnel who is usually on set for each production of a

program series and deals with daily production details. The function of a line producer ranges from taking care of the guest invited for a program, watching the production flow, and evaluating the production.

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Postproduction Activities

Upon finishing the production of television program, it is necessary to prepare a thank-you notes to all people who have contributed and made the program successful. Additionally, there are postproduction activities that must also be completed upon completing a production:(1) postproduction editing(2) evaluation and feedback(3) recordkeeping.

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Dealing with Schedules, Legal Matters and Ratings (1/3)

As producer, you must understand very well of a set of production activities in order to make an efficient production schedule and get access to accurate information. The aspects you need to master in relation to production process: (1) production schedule, (2) information resources, (3) unions and legal matters, (4) audience and ratings.

Production ScheduleDesign and prepare an efficient schedule (or tentative schedule) that would fit with production schedule. Avoid arranging schedule that is beyond the personnel’s work capacity or preparing schedule that will collide with other program.For example do not argue with the director over the lighting requirements or number of cameras before visiting a remote location.

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Dealing with Schedules, Legal Matters and Ratings (2/3)

Information ResourcesProducer is the person who in charge of taking care the running of a

program. It is very possible that a producer is required to obtain certain information in relation with the program. There are certain important information that must always be available in the producer’s hand:

Telephone directories Airline schedule Transportation and delivery Reference books Other resources

Unions and Legal MattersMost television personnel belong to a certain union and it is the job of

the producer to understand all the rules and regulations of the union where the personnel belong. In Indonesia, the personnel may belong to union such as Serikat Buruh, Persatuan Wartawan Indonesia, etc.

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Dealing with Schedules, Legal Matters and Ratings (3/3)

Other than that, producer must also be aware of copyrights and clearance when utilizing copyrighted material for production. The copyrighted materials can be in the form of photographs, reproductions of famous painting, books, short stories, etc. And producer must procure proper clearances for those items.

Audience and RatingsUnderstanding target audience and knowing your rating are very important. The 2 (two) elements determine your work performance, whether your work and message have been effectively reach your audience or not.

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The Profitable Impacts of Broadcasting Commercialization Toward Communities (1/4)

We all know that the television production activities have been commercialized with the participation of legal people, a set of advertising programs, and also ratings that significantly determine whether a television program is considered ‘saleable’ or not.

Dizard, the author of Television: A World View, has written about television:

“Television has developed primarily as a commercial medium. This was to be expected in the United States and a few other countries, notably in Latin America, where broadcasting was traditionally a private venture. Elsewhere, however, broadcasting was a state monopoly without commercialization connections. Theoretically, television should have followed in the established patterns; … At present, television systems are controlled by private interests under state supervision. Commercial advertising is carried by all but a handful of the world’s ninety-five television systems.” 14

The Profitable Impacts of Broadcasting Commercialization Toward Communities (2/4)

The television companies have successfully accumulated profits from their programs. This revenue-producing capabilities of commercial broadcasting is, of course, undisputed. The television production activities supported with advertising have gained its economic values from time to time.

As stated in Broadcasting magazine: “In this country (USA) - and as in other countries with improved broadcasting industry - where production capacity exceeds consumer demand, advertising has become more than an economic force – a significant influence that affects our quality of life.”

From the statement, we can predict that television industry will continuously bring positive economic impact to the community. Furthermore, that impact will bring positive influences to the improvement of advertising, manufacturing, and broadcasting industries.

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The Profitable Impacts of Broadcasting Commercialization Toward Communities (3/4)

As also stated in Television Magazine that describes the interconnection between advertising, manufacturing, and broadcasting industries:

About 1959, a gentle curve representing the expansion of American advertising agencies overseas started an abrupt climb which hasn’t yet leveled off… The growth of television abroad had something to do with this upsurge, since the head-start American agencies had in dealing with the medium commercially has given them a highly exportable know-how. But television wasn’t the prime mover. That role belongs to the client: The American consumer goods industry.

It is very clear that the community all over the world is currently experiencing the advantages of the explosion of television industry. Supported with technology, the industry is even more bringing many positive economic influences especially to the increase of labor demand to work with the industry.

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The Profitable Impacts of Broadcasting Commercialization Toward Communities (1/4)

The fact can be illustrated in the following charts that best describe the connection of the three components (advertising, manufacturing, and broadcasting industry).

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Writers

Music Store, Design,

Advertising

Actors/ Stunts

Television Personnel

Union/ FederationStudio/

Location/ Equipment

Talent Agencies

Broadcasting Satellite, Online Antenna, Cable

Networks/ Distribution/ Syndication

Financing (Banks,

Stock, etc)

Television