Production Engineering

PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

The Focus of Industry

RefiningExploration

Production

Marketing

A Fully-Integrated Oil Company

Getting Raw Oil & Gas tothe RefineryGetting RefinedProducts to the ConsumersUpstreamDownstreamRefinery

The Definitions of "Upstream" and "Downstream" in the Production Upstream" and "downstream" are business terms applicable to the production processes that exist within several industries. Industries that commonly use this terminology include the metals industry, oil, gas, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Upstream, downstream and midstream make up the stages of the production process for these and other industries.Upstream (petroleum industry)Theoil and gas industryis usually divided into three major sectors:upstream, midstreamdownstreamThe upstream oil sector is also commonly known as theexploration and production (E&P) sector The upstream sector includes the searching for potential underground or underwatercrude oilandnatural gasfields, drilling of exploratory wells, and subsequently drilling and operating the wells that recover and bring the crude oil and/or raw natural gas to the surface.

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crude oil and The marketing and distribution ofproducts derived from crude oil and natural gas. processing and purifying of raw natural gas .The downstream sector touches consumers through products such asgasoline or petrol,kerosene,jet fuel,diesel oil,heating oil,fuel oils,lubricants,waxes,asphalt,natural gas, andliquified petroleum gas (LPG)as well as hundreds of petrochemicals. Downstream (petroleum industry ) The downstream sector commonly refers to the refining of petroleum

Midstream

The midstream sector involves the transportation (bypipeline, rail, barge, or truck), storage, and wholesale marketing of crude or refined petroleum products.Pipelines and other transport systems can be used to move crude oil from production sites torefineriesand deliver the various refined products to downstream distributors5

Contents Introduction Reservoir Well Separator PumpGas CompressorPipelinesSafety Control SystemUnit Systems

Petroleum Production SystemIntroductionThe role of a production engineer is to maximize oil and gas production in a cost-effective manner.Familiarization and understanding of oil and gas production systems are essential to the engineers.A complete oil or gas production system consists of a reservoir, well, flow line, separators, pumps, and transportation pipelines.ReservoirSupplies wellbore with crude oil or gas.Well provides a path for the production fluid to flow from bottom hole to surface and offers a means to control the fluid production rate.Flow line leads the produced fluid to separators.Separators The separators remove gas and water from the crude oil.Pumps and compressors are used to transport oil and gas through pipelines to sales points.

petroleum production system Reservoir

ReservoirWellboreWellheadSeparatorGasWaterOilPwf P PeHydrocarbon accumulations in geological traps can be classifiedreservoir, field, and poolReservoir:A reservoir is a porous and permeable underground formation containing an individual bank of hydrocarbons confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is characterized by a single natural pressure system.Field:A field is an area that consists of one or more reservoirs all related to the same structural featurePoolApool contains one or more reservoirs in isolated structures.

PRODUCTION ENGINEERING