Production and Export of Grapes

WELCOME

2

Production and

Export of Grapes

Major Advisor

Prof. J.D. Bhatt

Minor Advisor

Prof. A..D. KalolaS P E A K E R :

Mr. Bijwe Yogesh R.

Reg No. J4-00723-2010

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Content

Introduction

Production trend of grapes

Export of grapes

Specification for export of grapes

Pre and post harvest strategies for exportConstraints and solution for export of grapes

SWOT analysis

Conclusion

The grapes are rich in sugar and particularly in hexose and are easily digestible.

According to FAO 71 per cent of world grape production is used for wine, 27 per cent as fresh fruit, and 2 per cent as dried fruits.

Presently in India about 78 per cent of grape is used for table purpose, nearly 17-20 per cent is dried for raisin production, while 1.5 per cent is used for juice and 0.5 per cent is used in manufacturing wine.

INTRODUCTION

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Grapes share 74,23,727 ha area and 679,09,287 MT of fruit production in the world.

It’s contribute 2.8 per cent of the world production of fruits and 2.7 per cent of fruit production in India.

India has achieved the highest productivity of 23.5 t/ha in the production of grapes.

Conti…

Source: Indian horticulture database 2009 5

Botanical Name Vitis vinefera

Family Vitiaceae

OriginWestern Asia and

Europe

Major producing states

Maharashtra, Karnataka, Punjab,

Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu

Latest production 15.46 lakh tonnes

Area 105000 ha

Productivity 8.16 tonnes /ha

Conti…

6Source: http://www.nhb.gov.in

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE

At present, grape is the most important fruit crop grown commercially For table purpose For making raisins For making wines and For export purpose

source: http://www.indiaagronet.com 7

AGRO-CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT

SOIL

CLIMATE :- Temperature Rainfall Relative Humidity

Source: http://www.biotechpark.org.in 8

VARIETIESON THE BASIS OF COLOUR AND SEEDS

Colour seeded Bangalore blue, Gulabi (Muscat)

Coloured seedless Beauty Seedless, Sharad Seedless

White seeded Anab-e-Shahi, Dilkhush. (clone of

AnabeShahi)

White seedless Perlette, Pusa seedless, Thompson

Seedless and its clones Tas-A-Ganesh, Sonaka, Manik Chaman.

ON THE BASIS OF SPECIFIC PURPOSE (CONSUMPTIONS)

Table grapes Anab-e-Shahi, Bangalore Blue, Beauty Seedless, Bhokri (Pachadrakshi),

Raisins Thompson Seedless, Arkavati

WinesBangalore Blue, Thompson Seedless and

Arka Kanchan

JuiceEarly Muscat, Beauty Seedless,

Champian, Pusa Urvashi, Arka Trishna. Source: http://www.biotechpark.org.in

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COST OF CULTIVATION OF GRAPES (1 ha)

10

S. N. Particular Year 1 Year 2 Total

A. Operations

1 land preparation 6460 6460

2Application of fertilizer and other organic manure

1904 1224 3128

3 Making ridges and furrow 1496 1496

4 Planting 4080 4080

5 Infilling 408 408

6 Construction of Bower system 6800 6800

7 intercultural operation 9384 9384 18768

8 Irrigation 1768 1768 35369 Harvesting 0 6120 6120

10 Fabrication of bower system 6250 6250

11Sub total of operations 38550 18496 57046

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B. Materials

1 Planting Material 13338 133382 FYM 41250 41250 825003 Biofertiliser 20988 20988 419754 Neem Cake 1250 1250 2500

5

Jeevamrut (Mixture of cowdung+cowurine+pulses powder+blackjaggery)

4200 4200 8400

6 Vermiwash 6000 6000 12000

7Plant protection materials

10000 10000 20000

8 Bower system 194550 194550

Sub total of materials

291575 83688 375263

Conti…

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C. Certification cost

Certification

cost1250 1250 2500

Total Cost (A+B+C)

331375 103434 434809

Rounded off

to331400 103400 434800

Conti…

Source: http://www.nabard.org

HARVESTING AND YIELDS

VarietyYield (T/Ha)

Period of HarvestAverage Potential

Anab-e-Shahi 45 90February-May,

July, November-December

Bangalore Blue 40 60January-March, June-December

Bhokri 30 50November-

December, June-July

Gulabi 30 50January-March, June-December

Perlette 40 50 June

Thompson Seedless and

other seedless varieties

25 50 January-AprilSource: http//www.fao.org 13

MAJOR GRAPE PRODUCING COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD (2008-

09)

COUNTRY AREA (HA)

PRODUCTION(MT)

PRODUCTIVIY(MT/HA)

Italy 770000 7793301 10.1China 438232 7284656 16.6USA 379360 6744840 17.8Spain 1200000 6053000 5France 813496 5664195 7Turkey 482789 3918440 8.1Iran 315000 2900000 9.2Argentina 220000 2900000 13.2Chile 182000 2350000 12.9Australia 166197 1956790 11.8India 80000 1878000 23.5South Africa 130000 1791643 13.8

Source: Indian horticulture database 2009

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1991-92 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-090

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

668.2

1184.21247.8

1474.81564.7

1649.6 1685 1735

1878PRODUCTION (IN 000''MT)

PRODUCTION TREND OF GRAPES IN INDIA


2008-2009 2009-2010

Country Qty in MT. ValueRs. lacksQty in MT.

ValueRs. lacks

Netherland 24,340.98 13,448.55 29,074.40 16,883.63

United kingdom 12,757.61 6,597.40 14,359.53 8,210.77

United Arab Emirates 13,064.35 5,650.47 13,205.45 7,285.65

Bangladesh 54,509.29 6,274.04 45,656.02 6,275.73

Saudi Arabia 3,488.84 1,627.03 5,098.85 2,725.91

Others 132,434.37 43,495.91135,939.1

9 53,645.61

Total 124,627.98 40,861.27131,153.6454,533.86

EXPORT OF GRAPES FROM INDIA

16Source : http//www.apeda.gov.in

DOMESTIC TOTAL SUPPLY OF FRESH TABLE GRAPE’S IN

INDIA(2009-10)

Market YearTotal Supply

(MT)Change

2006 1002078 NA

2007 1008021 0.59 %

2008 1007990 0.00 %

2009 1008576 0.06 %

2010 1008500 -0.01 %

Source: http://www.indexmundi.com 17

FRESH TABLE GRAPE’S DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION IN INDIA(2009-10)

Market Year

Fresh Domestic

Consumption(MT)

Change

2006 928916 NA

2007 889630 -4.23 %

2008 898658 1.01 %

2009 878798 -2.21 %

2010 879500 0.08 %Source: http://www.indexmundi.com 18

FRESH TABLE GRAPE’S EXPORTS BY INDIA(2009-10)

Market YearExports

(MT)Change

2006 73162 NA

2007 118391 61.82 %

2008 109332 -7.65 %

2009 129778 18.70 %

2010 129000 -0.60 %

Source: http://www.indexmundi.com 19

STATE WISE AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAPES

Source: http://www.nhb.gov.in 20

2008-09 2009-10

State Area (’000H

A)

Production

(‘000 MT)

Pdy.(MT/HA)

Area (’000H

A)

Production

(‘000 MT)

Pdy.(MT/HA)

Maharashtra 55.7 1415 25.4 82 440 5.366

Karnataka 14.9 269 18 16.1 289.3 17.969

Tamil Nadu 3.1 91 29.8 3.083 89.169 28.923

Andhra Pradesh 3 62.2 21 3 62.2 20.733

Punjab 0.8 22.1 28.4 0.541 15.473 28.601Others 2.2 19 8.7 5.31 29.047 5.470

Total 79.6 1878.3 23.6 107.034 925.189 8.644

Export specialization Countries

Variety Middle East Holland/ Germany U.K.

Thompson Seedless Berry Size: 15mm Berry Size: 16mm Berry Size: 18mm

Colour: amber Colour: white/amber white

Sharad Seedless Berry Size: 15mm Berry Size: 16mm Berry Size: 18mm

black black black

Flame Seedless ----- Berry Size: 16mm Berry Size: 18mm

----- Pink pink

Packing 1 Kg 4.5 Kg /9 kg 4.5 Kg /9kg

Storage Temp. 0-1 °C 0-1 °C 0-1 °C

EXPORT SPECIFICATIONS FOR GRAPES


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PRACTICES FOLLOWED FOR EXORT OF GRAPES

PRE-HARVEST STRATEGIES FOR EXPORT MARKET

Keep the orchard clean.

Avoid intercropping in orchard.

Regular prunning, and fruit thinning must be done.

The pesticides which have been banned by the WHO/FAO/ WTO, should never be used.

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Conti…

Use of biofertilizer, biopesticides should be preferred over inorganic fertilizer, fungicides and pesticides.

Harvesting should be done only at the appropriate maturity stage of the grapes depending upon the purpose of fresh consumption and processing.

Source: Tiwari and srivastava, 2006 24

POST-HARVEST STRATEGIES FOR EXPORT MARKET

After harvesting of grapes it should be handle with care.

After harvesting of the grapes it is transported to packing house. In packing house various operations are carried out.


1. PACK HOUSE

Pack house must be clean.

Protective clothing must be worn in the pack house.

Rest areas for workers should be away from

pack house.

Pack house to be solid construction.

Source: http://www.nabard.org 26

2. PRE-COOLING

Pre-cooling is aimed at reducing the field heat.

The temperature of harvest grapes has to be brought down to less than 4°C within six hours of harvest.


3. DISINFECTION TREATMENTS

Sulphur fumigation :- For colour retention, prevention of browning,

killing fungi Botryodiplodia, preventing rind brittleness.


4. GRADING STANDARD

ClassWeight in

gramDeviation Tolerance

Extra class 150-300 5%

Class I 100-250 10%

Class II 75-150 5-10%

Class III < 75 15%


5. PACKAGING

The arrangement of boxes in the cold storage to ensure uniform cooling of all berries in a box.

The carton size should be:-Market Europe Dubai

Carton sizeNet

weight Net weight

400 mm x 300 mm x 125 mm 4.50 Kg.

2 kg / box 600 mm x 300 mm x125 mm 8.25 Kg 30

Pouch bags :- It is used from food

grade low density poly ethylene.

A minimum of 9 bags in a 4.50 kg. / 5.00 kg. carton and 16 in an 8.25 kg. carton should be used.

Bag weight should be between 400 and 700 gm with no more than 2 bunches per bag.

Conti…

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Liner bags :- It should be of good quality clear

polythene and large enough to cover the grapes and grape guard with a good overlap.

Punnet packing :-

Source: http://www.nabard.org

Conti…

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6. PALLETIZATION

Boxes should be palletised on a 48" x 40" pallet with paper board corner posts and steel strapping.

Different growers produce should be palletised separately.


7. STORAGE

Once pre-cooling and disinfection treatment is done, the dual releasing sulphur dioxide (Grape Guard) is to be placed with their coated surfaces downwards on the filled plastic pouches and are to be covered with the plastic sheet lining.

The boxes are closed and then shifted to cold storage rooms.


Temperature 0 ± 0.5°C

Relative Humidity 93 ± 2 %

Storage period 3-8 weeks

Freezing point -1°C

Source: http//www.apeda.gov.in

Conti…

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8. TRANSPORTATION

It is an important link in the handling, storage and distribution of grapes.

It should be covered under the cool-chain.

Maintenance of uniform temperature and humidity throughout is important.

Variation/fluctuations in temperature are harmful.

36 Source: Tiwari and srivastava, 2006

MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

Airways :- Cargo plane

Waterway :- Ships

Roadways :- Trucks

37 Source: Tiwari and srivastava, 2006

REQUIIREMENT OF

DOCUMENTATION

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REGISTRATION OF ORCHARDS

The orchards have to be registered with a registered packing house facility.

The orchard have to maintain documented record of all operations carried out.

Orchard should adopt good agricultural practices for management of grape orchards established by APEDA.

Source : http//www.apeda.gov.in 39

REGISTRATION OF PACKING HOUSE

The packing houses involved with the export shall be registered with the APEDA .

The registered packing house have to document all the process in detail related to cleaning, grading, hygienic handling, packing and labeling of grapes.

Source : http//www.apeda.gov.in 40

GLOBALGAP CERTIFICATE

Certificate reassure consumers about how food is produced on the farm.

Ensure about less use of chemical inputs and approach to worker health and safety as well as animal welfare.

Source: http//www.globalgap.org 41

CERTIFICATE OF AGMARK GRADING (CAG)

Under this Act grade standards are prescribed for agricultural and allied commodities. These are known as Agmark standards.

Import-Export code Export License

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HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT ( HACCP)

CERTIFICATE

HACCP is a process control system designed to identify and prevent microbial and other hazards in food production.

The certificate is recognized by scientific authorities and international organizations as the most effective approach available for producing safe food.

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TRACEABILITY SYSTEM FOR EXPORTE TO THE EUROPEAN

MARKET

Codex Alimentarius Commission:- ‘Traceability’ as “the ability to follow the

movement of a food through specified stage(s) of production, processing and distribution.”

It should provide a verifiable documentation for an effective food control system.

44 Source: http://www.unescap.org

GRAPENET An internet based traceability softer system. Monitors fresh grapes exported to the E.U. up

to the farm level. An end-to-end system for :-

Monitoring pesticide residue,Achieve product standardization,Facilitate tracing back from retail shelves to the farm of the Indian grower,

Through the various stages of sampling, testing, certification and packing.

45 Source: http://www.unescap.org

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CONSTRAINTS AND SOLUTIONS

Lack of consistency in supply and quality.

Lack of cost competitiveness.

Inadequate and inappropriate storage and distribution infrastructure.

Lack of technical support for the agro industrial sector.

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CONSTRAINTS FOR EXPORTS1.Supply Chain Constraints :

Non-tariff barriers :- Standards, testing, labeling and

certification requirements. Export subsidies and domestic support.

Short product life cycle. Lack of brand image.

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2.Market Access Constraints :Conti…

Majority of holdings are small and un-irrigated.

Unproductive plantations needing replacement.

Lack of exportable varieties.

Inadequate supply of quality planting materials

of improved varieties.

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3.Technological Constraints:

Conti…

Conti…

High incidence of pests and diseases.

Heavy post harvest losses.

Lack of pack houses from farm to port.

High cost of obtaining certification for export.

54Source: http//www.unapcaem.org

PRROPOSED SOLUTIONS BY MOFPI, 2005

Targeted products

Improvement of market access

Supply chain alignment with international requirements

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Targeted products :- India’s production advantage. Production should shift to demand driven

rather than supply driven. Comparative cost advantage.

Improvement of market access :- Market Intelligence

Harmonization with International standards /practices, certification and testing.

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Supply chain alignment with International market :-

Enable direct farmer-importer linkages.

Set-up independent world class food testing and inspection infrastructure.

Device an alternate system of processing grade products specification based on internationally accepted norms.

Encourage investment in infrastructure to improve product quality.

57Source: http//www.unapcaem.org

GOVERNMENT SCHEMES AND INCENTIVES

Integrate all schemes offered for export promotion through various Ministries and allied agencies.

Grapes production :-For installing drip irrigation system under

PPS (Plasticulture promotion scheme).

Post Harvest Schemes :-Provide APEDA, NHB, MoFPI and MSEB

58

APEDA :- Subsidy ranging from 25-50 per cent for

ceilings of development of infrastructures.

NHB :- For commercialization of horticulture. For construction of cold storage facility

through NABARD/NCDC Available to the extent 25 per cent of capital cost, limit up to 50 lacks.

Conti…

59Source: http://www.planning.up.nic.in

Strengths

Agro climatic diversity for grape cultivation to sustain productivity.

Technology available to achieve the highest productivity in the world.

Scope to grow grapes almost throughout the year.

Technology available to produce world class grapes.

Technology to produce good quality raisins.

Weaknesses

Narrow range of varieties which include only Thompson Seedless, Anab-e-Shahi, Bangalore Blue.

Production of export quality grape is low (only 15 per cent of the production).

High air freight. Too many exporters. Susceptibility of the

varieties to cracking, rotting, pink berry formation and mildew diseases.

SWOT ANALYSIS

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Opportunities

Improvement in North Indian varieties for expanding the season.

Development of less expensive training system.

Development of cultural practices for cropping in sub-tropical places of North India.

Improvement of size, colour and packing.

Exploring south-east Asian markets for exports.

Threats

Rains during fruit ripening in North India.

Increasing soil and water salinity.

Heavy spray schedule. Chile and South Africa have

extended their season by growing early and late varieties.

Fluctuation in international price.

61

Conti…

Source: http://www.planning.up.nic.in

CONCLUSION

From this foregoing discussion it can be concluded that the productivity of grapes is high than other countries.

Export of grapes is complex process.

All pre and post harvest practices should be done according to prescribed international standards.

There is a great potential for export of grape in international market.

62

Conti...

Government should provide more supportive policies for export.

Grapenet help to farmer for export of grapes.

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Production and Export of Grapes

Documents

production of grapes

production mt

cent of fruit production

conti grapes

export of grapes pre

pusa seedless

cent of world grape

export purpose source