Proctor and Lynch 1994, p. 247 Avian Nervous Systems Peripheral (PNS), Central (CNS), Autonomic (ANS)

Proctor and Lynch 1994, p. 247

Avian Nervous Systems

Peripheral (PNS), Central (CNS), Autonomic (ANS)

1

A) NEURON

3

Neuron Junctions:I)SynapseII)Neurotransmitters

Types of Neurons:

4 Interneurons, Sensory Neurons, Motor Neurons

Simple Reflex

5

Complex Reflex

Fig. 4-29 in Podulka et al. 2004

Peripheral Nervous SystemCentral Nervous SystemAutonomic Nervous SystemCell BodyDendriteAxonMyelin SheathAxon TerminalSynapseNeurotransmitter

NEURON TERMINOLOGY

Sensory NeuronMotor NeuronInterneuronSimple ReflexComplex Reflex

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

CNS: Tracts and Nuclei

(White Matter and Gray Matter)

CNS: Neuroglia

CNS: Meninges

Dura, Arachnoid, Pia

CNS: Brain

Fig. 4-31 in Podulka et al. 2004

b)

c)

CNS: Brain Structure

CNS: Forebrain

Fig. 4-31 in Podulka et al. 2004

• Memory

• Learning

• Smell

Olfactory Lobe, Cerebral Hemispheres, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland

89

CNS: Midbrain

Vision

Hearing

Optic Lobes, Optic Tracts

CNS: Cerebellum, Medulla Oblongata

Equilibrium

Posture

Motor Control (i.e., Flight)

-----------------------------------

Breathing

Heart Rate

Blood Pressure

Fig. 4-32 in Podulka et al. 1994

CNS: Vertebrate Brain Comparison

CNS: Spinal Cord

Fig. 4-33 in Podulka et al. 2004

PNS: Cervical and Lumbosacral Enlargements

Rhomboid Sinus, Glycogen Body

CNS TERMINOLOGY

BrainSpinal CordTracts (White Matter)Nuclei (Gray Matter)NeurogliaMeningesDuraArachnoidPia

ForebrainCerebral LobesOlfactory LobeMidbrainCerebellumMedulla OblongataCervical EnlargementLumbosacral EnlargmentRhomboid SinusGlycogen Body

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

PNS: Nerves

Nerve Fibers, Fascicles, Nerves

PNS: Ganglia

PNS: Cranial Nerves(12 Pairs)

Proctor and Lynch 1993, p. 247

PNS: Spinal Nerves I(39-51 Pairs)

PNS: Spinal Nerves II(Dorsal and Ventral Spinal Nerves)

(Dorsal Sensory Nerve, Dorsal Root Ganglia,Ventral Motor Nerve)

Dorsal Root Ganglia

Fig. 4-34 in Podulka et al. 2004

PNS: Brachial Plexus, Lumbosacral Plexus

• Nerve•Fascicle•Nerve Fiber• Ganglia• Cranial Nerve (12 pairs)• Spinal Nerve (variable number: 39-51 pairs)• Brachial Plexus• Lumbosacral Plexus

PNS Terminology

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)

p. 249 in Proctor and Lynch 1993

ANS: Sympathetic System(Thoracic and Lumbar Regions)

Fig. 4-35 in Podulka et al. 2004

Conspicuous Ganglia

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)(Sympathetic Trunk)

p. 249 in Proctor and Lynch 1993

ANS: Parasympathetic System(Cranial and Sacral Regions)

Fig. 4-35 in Podulka et al. 2004

Inconspicuous Ganglia

ANS Terminology

• Two Neuron Chains•Sympathetic Nervous System• Sympathetic Ganglia•Sympathetic Trunk• “Fight or Flight” Response• Parasympathetic Nervous System• Parasympathetic Ganglia• Relaxation Response

1 http://www.mikearauz.com/images/myelin.jpg

2 http://www.sci-recovery.org/images/synapse.gif

3 http://www.medanimations.com/illustrations/illus_images/neuronSynapse.jpg

4 http://lpmpjogja.diknas.go.id/kc/b/brain/brain-neuron-types.gif

5 http://www.yachigusaryu.com/blog/pics/top_ten_principles/3/ image005.jpg

6 http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/18117.jpg

7 http://www.free-ed.net/sweethaven/MedTech/Physiology/007fig1202.jpg

8 http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/554images/kiwi_nostril2.png

9 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/02/images/060217_kiwi.jpg

10 http://kaweahoaks.com/html/raven01.jpg

11 http://www.pocanticohills.org/4thgrade/06/399px-Buberel_Gray_parrot.jpg

12 http://www.blogfabulous.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/rooster.jpg

14 http://www.ice.co.za/images/photos/Birds/DSC_5605a-phalarope-wilsons.jpg

15 http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/images/Photos/loxicurv.jpg

16 http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/915/55047593.JPG

17 http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/po/graphics/crowtool.jpg

18 http://www.sciam.com/media/inline/6B81B7F7-E7F2-99DF- 39863302C45E0D3B_1.jpg

19 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/crows/images/BeWRENcth.jpg

20 http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/08/070821092943.jpg

21 http://www.7seas-whalewatch.com/Wilson's%20Storm%20Petrel%20 feed%20copy.JPG

22 http://www.kiroastro.com/images/manan/9023b.jpg

23 http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/04fire/logs/hirez/zooplankton_hirez.jpg

24 http://www.audubon.org/bird/puffin/virtual/pics/lesp_nest.jpg

25 http://www.audubon.org/bird/puffin/virtual/stormpetrel.html

26 http://www.oceanwanderers.com/Prionflock.1.JPG

27 http://www.eurekalert.org/features/kids/images/prion020905_1.jpg

28 http://www.eurekalert.org/features/kids/images/prion020905_2.jpg

29 http://www.pigeon.psy.tufts.edu/asc/balda/Used%20Images/pine_seed_cache _exposed_by_author_sml.png

30 http://www.kahle.org/tweeters/images/clarks.jpg

31 http://www.gotpetsonline.com/pictures-gallery/bird-pictures-breeders- chicks/pigeon-pictures-breeders-chicks/pictures/pigeon-0021.jpg

32 http://www.5bbc.org/images/2006/20061021a_pigeons_large.jpg

33 http://www.pelicannetwork.net/images.banding/VWS.Mike.Nellie.close.net.jpg

34 http://www.taiga.net/yourYukon/col139.jpg

35 http://pie.midco.net/tigerbeetle/TigerBeetle/miscphotos/Colorado/ Wilson's%20warbler.jpg36 http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/IMAGES/Oregon/western_meadowlark4.jpg

37 http://www.hiltonpond.org/images/NuthatchWhiteBreastSeed01.jpg

38 http://www.ucsc.edu/currents/02-03/art/coot-nest.200.03-04-07.JPG

39 http://www.amonline.net.au/factsheets/images/eurasian_coot_nest.jpg

40 http://kaweahoaks.com/html/raven01.jpg

41 http://fohn.net/monarch-butterfly-pictures/monarch-butterfly_800x600.jpg

42 http://www.svbnc.org/images/Mourning%20Cloak.jpg

43 http://www.hse.k12.in.us/staff/cvanalstine/images/blue%20jay.jpg

44 http://www.naturephoto-cz.com/photos/birds/carrion-crow-2612.jpg

45 http://www.hiltonpond.org/images/WalnutBlack01.jpg

46 http://economistsview.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/minime62806.gif

47 http://www.birdingmaine.com/images/PP/american_crow_flight.jpg

48 http://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/99/51/22845199.jpg

49 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v431/n7004/images/431039a-f1.2.jpg

50 http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/po/graphics/crowtool.jpg

51 http://www.radiology.ucsf.edu/research/images/mrn1.jpg