Process equipment of chemical plant

PROCESS EQUIPMENT IN CHEMICAL PLANT

GROUP MEMBER :AINI , NASHA, NABILAH ,

AIZAT, ALI & ZUL

CONTENTS

REACTOR DISTILLATION COLUM

N GAS ABSORBTION COMPRESSOR PUMPS HEAT EXCHANGER BOILER TANK ELECTRIC HEATER COOLING TOWER

REACTOR

• A chemical reactor is an equipment unit in chemical process where the chemical transformation/reaction takes place to generate desirable products.

• The configuration and operating conditions are selected to achieve the objective such as maximising the profit/products and minimising the generation of pollutants

DISTILLATION COLUMN

A distillation column is equipment used for separation of two or more mixture into its individual components.

A complex distillation system is achieved when dealing with multi-component feed.

Reflux ratio is the important key in distillation process. It is the ratio of the amount of mole returned as reflux

liquid to the fractionating column and the amount of moles of final product per unit time.

GAS ABSORBTION Absorption process is a gas-liquid

masstransfer operation in which a component istransferred from gas phase to the liquid.

Gas absorption unit has been widely used as a selective removal tool of one or more component from a gas mixture by a suitable liquid forming solution of the gases upon absorption.

The rate of absorption is determined by the rate of molecular diffusion that largely controls this interphase mass transfer.

There are two types of operation which are physical and chemical absorption.

COMPRESSOR

A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume.

There are two fundamentally different classes o compressor.

The most common is a rotary-type compressor (either axial flow or radial/cetrifudgal flow), in which the internal processes are essentially the opposite of the two processes occuring inside a turbine

PUMPS

Mechanical device using suction or pressure to raise or move liquids, compress gases, or force air into inflatable objects such as tires.

The symbols for pumps may closely resemble those for compressors.

HEAT EXCHANGER

Heat exchangers are devices built for efficient heat transfer from one fluid to another and are widely used in engineering processes.

Some examples are intercoolers, pre-heaters, boilers and condensers in power plants.

BOILER

A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated.

The heated or vaporized fluid which exits the boiler will be used in many processes or heating applications.

TANK

Used to store process fluids of various types, under different process conditions.

They come in a variety of sizes and shapes, and are used for static storage, processing, mixing, and transport of both raw materials and finished chemical products.

ELECTRIC HEATER

An electric heater is an electrical device that converts electric current to heat.

The heating element inside every electric heater is an electrical resistor, and works on the principle of Joule heating: an electric current passing through a resistor will convert that electrical energy into heat energy. 

COOLING TOWER

A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.

Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature.

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