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Process Bus – overcoming the
complexity of process bus adoption to
drive down design, implementation and
operation costs
Alexander Apostolov
28 September 2017, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
The person making this presentation is not responsible for what he says because he has no idea what he is talking about
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Questions
> What are we doing?
> Why are we doing it?
> How are we doing it?
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©
OMI
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Conventional Substation
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Conventional Substations
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Conventional IED
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V, I,
V0, I0,
V2, I2
Analog
Inputs
Module
Waveform
Recording
Opto
Inputs
Module
Data
Bus
Protection
Function
ElementI
Event
Report
Process
Interface
Module
Protection IED
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Process Bus Definition
> Process bus is the combination of all interfaces
between the process and the SPACS communicating
data and information that can be shared between the
PIU and the SPACS functions.
> The process can be divided in three major parts: > The power process
> The auxiliary process
> Building/Substation process
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For Air Insulated Switchgear For Gas Insulated Switchgear
Digital Substation
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Process Bus Definition
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Process Bus Definition
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TCTR
TVTR
XCBR
XSWI
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IEC 61850 Interfaces
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Merging Unit functionality
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SMV Publishing
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Stand Alone Merging Unit
V, I,
V0, I0,
V2, I2
Waveform
Recording
Data
Bus
Protection
Function
ElementI
Process
Interface
Module
Event
ReportIEC 61850 9-2
Protection IED
Opto
Inputs
Module
Merging
Unit
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V, I,
V0, I0,
V2, I2
Merging
Unit
Waveform
Recording
Data
Bus
Protection
Function
ElementI
Process
Interface
Module
NCIT with low level analog output
Event
ReportNCIT
IEC 61850 9-2
Opto
Inputs
Module
Protection IED
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NCIT with embedded MU
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V, I,
V0, I0,
V2, I2
Waveform
Recording
Data
Bus
Protection
Function
ElementI
Process
Interface
Module
Event
ReportNCIT
IEC 61850 9-2
Protection IED
Opto
Inputs
Module
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ABB Combined NCIT Sensor
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MV NCIT Based Switchgear
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IEC 61869 standards
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MU data
objects
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Digital output sampling rates
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Abstract Functional Decomposition
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Class diagram LNs::LN Groups
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Sensors LNs• Angle sensor Name: TANG
• Axial displacement sensor Name:
TAXD
• Current transformer Name: TCTR
• Distance sensor Name: TDST
• Liquid flow sensor Name: TFLW
• Frequency sensor Name: TFRQ
• Generic sensor Name: TGSN
• Humidity sensor Name: THUM
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Sensors LNs• Humidity sensor Name: THUM
• Media level sensor Name: TLVL
• Magnetic field sensor Name: TMGF
• Movement sensor Name: TMVM
• Position indicator Name: TPOS
• Pressure sensor Name: TPRS
• Rotation transmitter Name: TRTN
• Sound pressure sensor Name: TSND
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Sensors LNs• Sound pressure sensor Name: TSND
• Temperature sensor Name: TTMP
• Mechanical tension / stress
sensor Name: TTNS
• Vibration sensor Name: TVBR
• Voltage transformer Name: TVTR
• Water acidity sensor Name: TWPH
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System Architecture
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Distributed Substation Design
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Centralized Substation Design
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PAC System physical structure
SW X.1 SW Y.1
..
.16 PIDs SG 110 kV
SW X.2 SW X.2
..
.40 PIDs SG 10 кВ
Protection &
Control server
(Main)
Protection &
Control server
(BackUp)
RecorderMetering &
PQ
SW Y
SW B
Local SCADAISAS HMI Panel
computer (Control
room)
ISAS HMI Panel
computer (10 kV
SG building)
Remote
iSAS HMI
WP(MMS)
Line Differential
equipment at
opposite line
terminal
SW А
Communication
equipment
To NCC of
DSO(IEC 104)
SW X
Station Bus(SBLAN)
Process
Bus
(PBLAN)
To Sys. Op. (IEC 104)Control room
Controller
10 kV SG Bld.
Controller
Embeded in root switch GPS receiver
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Virtual MU
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MU
61850-9-1/2
Local Virtual Measurements
MMXU
virtualMU
TCTR
TVTR MMXU
TCTR
TVTR
MU
TCTR
TVTR
Synchrophasors
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MU
61850-9-1/2
Redundant Interface
MMXU
MMXU
TCTR
TVTR
MU
TCTR
TVTR
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Transformer Differential Protection
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Quality and
Efficiency
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Distance Protection
V, I,
V0, I0,
V2, I2
Analog
Inputs
Module
Waveform
Recording
Opto
Inputs
Module
Data
Bus
Distance
Protection
Module
Distance
Protection
Scheme
I
Relay
Outputs
Module
Protection Testing
TestDevice
Test
Sw
itc
h
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COMTRADE file
Multifunctional
Protection IED
Network
Simulator
V I Trip
Test
Device
52a
Waveform
Record
Test
Computer
Test Switch
Conventional Test Setup
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Distance Protection Function
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Distance Protection IEDIOU
MU
PDIS2
Communication
Device
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IEC 61850
Based IED
Etherne
t
Ethernet
Switch
Test
Computer
Etherne
t
GOOSE
GOOSE
Trip
IEC 61850 Based
Test Device
SV
Process Bus Test setup
Ethernet
Switch
SV
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Process Bus Monitoring
IA1
IA2
UAL
IAL
UAS
IC2
IC1
UCL
ICL
UCS
IB1
IB2
IED
PMC1
U/I sensors
I sensors
switch control
actor
I sensors
U/I sensors
switch control
I sensors
I sensors
station bus with
8-1 and 9-2 traffic
PIPI
PIPI
PIPI
PIPI
PIPI
PIPI
PIPI
PIPI
PIPI
PIPI
PIPI
PMC2
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Monitoring vs. Testing
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switched local
area network
(tree) LAN_B
RB
switched local
area network
(ring) LAN_A
DANP
DANP DANP DANP
SAN
A2 SAN
B1
SAN
B2
SAN
A1
SAN
R1
SAN
R2
DANP
SAN - Singly Attached Nodes
DAN - Doubly Attached Nodes
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Reduced Installation Costs
• Reduced costs due to the replacement of hundreds or
even thousands control cables with a limited number of
fiber optic cables
• Reduced costs due to the replacement of the wiring of
hundreds of copper wires to the panels’ terminal blocks
and then from the terminal blocks to the relay terminals
with the plugging in of a few pairs of fiber cables
• Reduced costs due to the requirements for testing of all
hard wired interfaces versus the testing of the GOOSE
messages based on advanced software tools
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DCB with FOCS
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DCB with FOCS
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Other Benefits
• Improved safety
• Reduced probability for CT saturation
• Improved flexibility
• Reduced maintenance
• Improved interoperability
• Improved reliability
• Remote testing
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Remote Testing
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