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First published in 2008 by: The Japan Society of Naval
Architects and Ocean Engineers Hamamatsu-cho, Yasaki White Building
Shiba-daimon, Minato-ku Tokyo 105-0012 Japan 2008 The Japan Society
of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording or
otherwise without the prior written permission of the Japan Society
of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers, Japan. The Japan Society
of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers is not, as a body,
responsible for the opinions expressed by the individual authors or
speakers. Printed and bounded in Japan
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2255tthh IINNTTEERRNNAATTIIOONNAALL TTOOWWIINNGG TTAANNKK
CCOONNFFEERREENNCCEE Organizing Committee in Japan
Prof. Katsuro Kijima (Chairman) Professor Emeritus of Kyushu
University Dr. Naoteru Tsuda (Vice Chairman) Chairman of the Japan
Soc. Nav. Arch. and Ocean Eng.Mr. Makoto Harunari Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and TourismDr. Kazuhisa Kuda Ministry of
Defense, Technical R & D Institute Mr. Shiro Inoue National
Maritime Research Institute Mr. Hiroyuki Maekawa The Japanese
Shipowners' Association Mr. Noboru Ueda Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (Class
NK)Mr. Masamoto Tazaki Shipbuilders' Association of JapanMr.
Hiroshi Ishiwata The Cooperative Association of Japan Shipbuilders
Dr. Yushu Washio Shipbuilding Research Center of Japan Mr. Shiro
Iijima Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.Mr. Yoshinori Imashimizu
IHI Marine United Inc.Mr. Tamiyoshi Iwasaki Mitsui Engineering
& Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Mr. Tomokazu Taniguchi Kawasaki
Shipbuilding Corporation Mr. Shin Takeuchi Universal Shipbuilding
CorporationMr. Hitoshi Kashimoto Sumitomo Heavy Industries Marine
& Engineering Mr. Hitoshi Fujita Imabari Shipbuilding Co.,
Ltd.Mr. Takaaki Itoh Sanoyas Hishino Meisho Corporation Mr. Michio
Nakagawa Shin Kurushima Dockyard Co., Ltd. Mr. Tomoyuki Yamazaki
Namura Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.Mr. Yasunori Kohatake Tsuneishi
Shipbuilding CompanyMr. Tatsuaki Hori Oshima Shipbuilding Co.,
Ltd.Mr. Kouichi Nakatani Onomichi DockyardProf. Takeshi Kinoshita
The University of TokyoProf. Chang-Kyu Rheem (Secretary) The
University of TokyoProf. Yasuyuki Toda (Secretary) Osaka
UniversityProf. Masashi Kashiwagi Osaka UniversityProf. Tsugukiyo
Hirayama Yokohama National UniversityDr. Naoji Toki Mitsubishi
Heavy Industries, Ltd.Mr. Akio Itoh IHI CorporationDr. Yoshiaki
Kodama National Maritime Research Institute Dr. Kazuyuki Yamakita
Ministry of Defense, Technical R & D Institute Dr. Seiko
Ogiwara Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers
Executive Committee in Japan
Prof. Takeshi Kinoshita (Chairman) The University of TokyoProf.
Yasuyuki Toda (Secretary) Osaka UniversityProf. Katsuro Kijima
Professor Emeritus of Kyushu University Prof. Tsugukiyo Hirayama
Yokohama National UniversityProf. Masashi Kashiwagi Osaka
UniversityDr. Yoshiaki Kodama National Maritime Research Institute
Mr. Akio Itoh IHI CorporationDr. Naoji Toki Mitsubishi Heavy
Industries, Ltd.Dr. Kazuyuki Yamakita Ministry of Defense,
Technical R & D Institute Prof. Hiroharu Kato Toyo
University
-
Dr. Yoshitaka Ukon National Maritime Research Institute Dr.
Noriyuki Sasaki National Maritime Research Institute Dr. Munehiko
Hinatsu National Maritime Research Institute Dr. Shigesuke Ishida
National Maritime Research Institute Prof. Naoya Umeda Osaka
UniversityProf. Yoshiho Ikeda Osaka Prefecture UniversityProf.
Yusuke Tahara Osaka Prefecture UniversityProf. Eiichi Kobayashi
Kobe UniversityProf. Shigeru Nishio Kobe UniversityProf. Yasuaki
Doi Hiroshima UniversityProf. Hironori Yasukawa Hiroshima
UniversityProf. Shuji Nagata Saga UniversityProf. Chang-Kyu Rheem
The University of TokyoProf. Takafumi Kawamura The University of
TokyoProf. Yusaku Kyozuka Kyushu UniversityProf. Akiji Shinkai
Kyushu UniversityProf. Jun Ando Kyushu UniversityProf. Yoshitaka
Furukawa Kyushu UniversityProf. Masahiko Nakamura Kyushu
UniversityProf. Chaniku Shin Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science
Prof. Kuniaki Shoji Tokyo University of Marine Science and
Technology Dr. Norio Ishii Akishima Laboratories (Mitsui Zosen)
Inc. Dr. Michio Takai Sumitomo Heavy Industries Marine &
Engineering Dr. Mitsuyasu Nagahama Universal Shipbuilding Co.,
Ltd.Dr. Koichiro Matsumoto Universal Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.Dr.
Kazunori Sato Shipbuilding Research Centre of Japan Mr. Toshikazu
Masuya National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering Dr.
Yasunroi Iwasaki Akashi Ship Model Basin Co. Ltd.Mr. Yoshifumi Tai
Imabari Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.Dr. Jian Gang Shi Tsuneishi
Shipbuilding CompanyDr. Seiko Ogiwara Japan Society of Naval
Architects and Ocean Engineers
Local Organizing Committee in Fukuoka
Prof. Masashi Kashiwagi (Chaiman) Osaka UniversityProf. Yusaku
Kyozuka ESST, Kyushu UniversityProf. Akiji Shinkai Kyushu
UniversityProf. Jun Ando Kyushu UniversityProf. Yoshitaka Furukawa
Kyushu UniversityProf. Satoru Yamaguchi Kyushu UniversityProf.
Masahiko Nakamura RIAM, Kyushu UniversityProf. Changhong Hu RIAM,
Kyushu UniversityDr. Makoto Sueyoshi RIAM, Kyushu UniversityMs.
Mizuho Mizutani Administrative SupportMs. Masako Yoshizu
Administrative Support
Editors Prof. Masashi Kashiwagi
Prof. Yasuyuki Toda
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Specialist Committee on Stability in Waves
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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume
Preface
It is my privilege to write this introduction to the Proceedings
of the 25th International Towing
Tank Conference on behalf of the Organizing Committee, the Japan
Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers.
The full conference took place in Japan the first time in 1966
at Tokyo, and the second in 1987 at Kobe. This time the venue is
Fukuoka. We have three industrial and academic centers of the naval
architecture in Japan. The Organizing Committee greatly appreciates
tremendous efforts by the colleagues of the Research Institute for
Applied Mechanics and the Department of Maritime Engineering,
Kyushu University.
In 1966 Japanese ship building industry and related research
activities were on catch-up stage. We learned a lot of things from
the ITTC community. In 1987 Japanese ship building industry and
related research activities were leading the top with other
countries. Now we all are facing many issues such as global
warming. The ITTC community should contribute to supporting the
development of economical, safe an environmentally friendly
maritime transportation, and offshore oil and gas extraction.
The proceedings include very high quality reports produced by
the 25th ITTC General and Specialist Committees and the Quality
System Group. The Chairmen, Secretaries and the Members of the
Committees and Group are to be congratulated on their excellent
contributions. On behalf of the Members of the 25th ITTC Executive
Committee I thank all those just mentioned for sparing their time
and effort in producing these most valuable reports.
Finally it is my personal pleasure to acknowledge and thank all
my colleagues of the Organizing Committee, especially Professors
Masashi Kashiwagi and Yasuuki Toda, who have been unstinting in
their efforts to plan and arrange this Conference and those on the
Executive Committee for their support.
I hope that you all have a very fruitful time during the
conference and enjoy the social programme and your stay with
us.
Professor Takeshi Kinoshita Chairman, 25th ITTC Executive
Committee
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Specialist Committee on Stability in Waves
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ix
Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
Table of Contents
Volume I
Preface Table of Contents Volume I Table of Contents Volume II
Committees of the 25th ITTC The Advisory Council 7
1. Membership and Meetings 7 2. Activities and Recommendation of
the Advisory Council 7 3. Officers for the 26th ITTC Advisory
Council 9
The Executive Committee 11 1. Introduction 11 2. Obituaries 11
3. Committee Membership 16 4. Committee Meetings 16 5. Committee
Decisions 18
The Resistance Committee 21 1. Introduction 21 2. Resistance
Committee Questionnaire 22 3. Trends in Experimental Fluid Dynamics
26 4. Scaling and Extrapolation Methods 32 5. Trends in
Computational Fluid Dynamics 39 6. Validation of Prediction
Techniques 45 7. Facility Bias World Wide Campaign 50 8. Design
References and Optimization 58 9. Far Field Waves and Wash 60
10. Airwakes 63 11. Recommendations 68 12. References 68
The Propulsion Committee 83 1. Introduction 83 2. Update the
State-of-the-Art for Propulsion Systems Emphasising Developments
85
Since the 2005 ITTC Conference 3. Review ITTC Recommended
Procedures 98 4. Critically Review Examples of Validation of
Prediction Techniques 109
Identify and Specify Requirements for New Benchmark Data 5.
Review the Development and Progress in Unconventional Propulsors
112
Such as Tip-rake, Trans-cavitating and Composite Propellers
(Hydroelasticity and Cavitation Erosion Susceptibility Taken into
Account
6. Review Propulsion Issues in Shallow Water and Formulate
Recommendations for 117 Research
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Table of Contents Volume
7. Review the Methods for Predicting the Performance of
Secondary Thrusters and 120 Compare with Operational Experience
8. Finalise the Benchmark Tests for Waterjets and Analysis of
the Data 125 9. Conclusion 131
10. References 134 The Manoeuvring Committee 143
1. Introduction 143 2. Overview of Manoeuvring Prediction
Methods 145 3. Progress in System Based Simulations 150 4. Progress
in CFD Based Manoeuvring Simulation Methods 154 5. Validation of
Simulations & Benchmark Data: SIMMAN 2008 161 6. Manoeuvring
and Course Keeping in Waves 171 7. New Experimental Techniques 176
8. Shallow and Confined Waters and Ship-Ship Interactions 180 9.
Standards and Safety 184
10. Procedures 191 11. Conclusions 195 12. Recommendations to
the ITTC 197
The Seakeeping Committee 209 1. General 209 2. Review of
State-of-the-Art 211 3. ITTC Recommended Procedures 244 4.
Conclusions and Recommendations 245 5. References and Nomenclature
251
The Ocean Engineering Committee 263 1. General 263 2.
Bottom-Founded Structures 265 3. Predicting the Behaviour of
Stationary Floating Structures and Ships 269 4. Dynamically
Positioned Ships, Mobs 276 5. Wind, Waves and Current 278 6.
Hydroelasticity and Impact 280 7. Renewable Energy Systems 283 8.
New Experimental Techniques 286 9. Progress in CFD 290
10. Existing Procedures 292 11. Benchmark Data for Validation of
CFD Codes 293 12. Validation of Software for Predicting Wave Loads
and Responses of 294
Offshore Structures 13. Multiple-Scale Model Testing 294 14.
Modelling Wind in Model Basins 298 15. Conclusions 301 16.
Recommendations 304 17. Appendix: Benchmark Data for Validating CFD
Codes 304 18. References 308
The Quality Systems Group 325 1. General 325 2. Tasks Performed
325
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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
3. Other Matters 333 Appendix 1: Interim Tasks and Structure of
the 26th ITTC Technical Committees and 337
Group 1. Structure of Technical Committees 337 2. Terms of
Reference for the General and Specialist Technical Committees and
Group 337 3. Mechanism for Identifying New Specialist Technical
Committees 338 4. Proposed Structure of the Technical Committees
and Group for 26th ITTC 338 5. Tasks of the Technical Committees
and Group of the 26th ITTC 338
Appendix 2: Form for Curriculum Vitae of Nominees to ITTC
Technical Committees 339 Appendix 3: Technical Committees Members
Performance Evaluation Sheet 341 Appendix 4: Application Form to
ITTC Membership 343 Appendix 5: Rules of International Towing Tank
Conference (Current Version) 345
1. Aims 345 2. Activities 345 3. Membership 345 4. Organisation
345 5. Meetings 348 6. Composition of Executive Committee Based on
GEO-Graphic Areas 349 7. List of Geographic Areas 349 8. General
Additional Guide-Lines for the Operation of the ITTC 349
Appendix 6: Rules of International Towing Tank Conference 351
(Proposal of the Revised Version)
1. Description 351 2. Aims 351 3. Activities 351 4. Membership
351 5. Full Conference 352 6. Executive Committee 353 7. Advisory
Council 355 8. Technical Committees 355 9. Groups 357
10. Serving in More Than One Capacity 357 11. ITTC Secretary 357
12. Management of ITTC Funds 358 13. The Conference 359 14.
Communications 360
Appendix 7: List of Member Organizations 367 Appendix 8: List of
Representatives (R), Members of Committees and Group (M) and
387
Observers (O), Invited for the 25th ITTC
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xiii
Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
Table of Contents
Volume II
Preface Table of Contents Volume I Table of Contents Volume II
Committees of the 25th ITTC The Specialist Committee on Powering
Performance Prediction 397
1. Executive Summary 397 2. Introduction 397 3. Tasks Set from
the 24th ITTC 398 4. Foreword 398 5. Powering Performance
Prediction 398 6. Predicting Powering Margins 421 7. Resistance of
High Speed Marine Vehicles 422 8. Conclusions and Recommendations
425 9. References 427 Appendix A: Data Sheets for Database of Model
and Full Scale Trials 429
The Specialist Committee on Uncertainty Analysis 433 1.
Introduction 433 2. Completed Procedures 435 3. Structure of the
Report 435 4. Uncertainty Analysis 435 5. Repeatability versus
Reproducibility 440 6. Inter-laboratory Comparison 444 7. Guide to
the Expression of Uncertainty in Experimental Hydrodynamics 446 8.
Instrument Calibration 449 9. Laser Doppler Velocimetry 452
10. Uncertainty Analysis for PIV Measurements 453 11.
Uncertainty Analysis Procedures for Captive Model Tests 455 12.
Free-Running Model Tests 458 13. Uncertainty in Water Properties
462 14. Conclusions 462 15. Recommendations 463 16. References
463
Specialist Committee on Cavitation 473 1. Introduction 473 2.
Cavitation Survey 474 3. Cavitation Modeling 477 4. Current
Cavitation Modeling Methods 478 5. Multiphase Flow Cavitation
Modeling 486 6. Rudder Cavitation 494
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xivxivxiv xiv
Table of Contents Volume II
7. Waterjet Cavitation 499 8. Summary and Conclusion 503 9.
Recommendations 505
10. References 505 Appendix A: Unconventional Rudders and
Rudders Behind Highly-Loaded Propellers 513 Appendix B: Waterjet
Cavitation Issues 517
The Specialist Committee on Wake Fields 535 1. General 535 2.
Introduction 536 3. Survey of Numerical Methods for prediction of
Wake Fields at Model and Full Scale 537 4. Review of Experimental
Methods of Determining the Velocity Distribution in 543
the Wake 5. Development of Procedures for Measuring the Velocity
Distribution in the Ship 551
Wake at Model Scale 6. Review and Update of the Existing
Guidelines for the Simulation of the Wake 552
Fields for Cavitation Testing 7. Guidelines for the Use of PIV
in Determining the Velocity Distribution in the Wake 553 8.
Recommendations to the Conference 555 9. References and
Nomenclature 556
The Specialist Committee on Azimuthing Podded Propulsion 563 1.
Membership and Meetings 563 2. Recommendations of the 24th ITTC
(Committees Tasks) 563 3. Introduction 564 4. State-of-the-Art 564
5. Podded Propulsor Tests and Extrapolation 567 6. Guidelines on
Extrapolation to Full-Scale 573 7. Questionnaires 582 8. Review and
Analysis of Cavitation Behaviour of Podded Propulsors Under 586
the Effect of Pod Steering Angle 9. Special Applications for
Podded Propulsion 594
10. Technical Conclusions 599 11. References 599
The Specialist Committee on Stability in Waves 605 1.
Introduction 605 2. Prediction of Extreme Motions and Capsizing of
Intact Ships 606 3. Prediction of Dynamics of Damaged Ships 611 4.
Stability Safety Assessment 624 5. Conclusions and Recommendations
632 6. References and Nomenclature 633
The Specialist Committee on Vortex Induced Vibrations Committee
641 1. General 641 2. Review of the State of the Art 643 3.
Assessment of Prediction Methods 657 4. Technical Conclusions 659
5. References 660
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1
Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
Committees of the 25th ITTC
Executive Committee Prof. Takeshi Kinoshita Chairman The
University of Tokyo, JAPAN Dr. In-Young Koh Representative of
Americas NSWC, David Taylor Model Basin, USA Dr. Harri Soininen
Representative of Northern Europe VTT Industrial Systems, FINLAND
Ir. Arne Hubregtse Representative of Central Europe MARIN, THE
NETHERLANDS Dr. Ulderico Bulgarelli Representative of Southern
Europe INSEAN, ITALY Prof. Yasuyuki Toda Representative of Pacific
Islands Osaka University, JAPAN Dr. Seung-il Yang Representative of
East Asia Maritime & Ocean Engineering Research Institute,
KOREA Prof. Masashi Kashiwagi Secretary Osaka University, JAPAN Ex
Officio Members Mr. David Murdey Chairman of the Advisory Council
IOT, National Research Council of Canada, CANADA Mr. Aage Damsgaard
ITTC and Advisory Council Secretary FORCE Technology, DENMARK Prof.
Atilla Incecik Past Chairman Universities of Glasgow and
Strathclyde, UK
Advisory Council Officers Mr. David Murdey Chairman of the
Advisory Council IOT, National Research Council of Canada, CANADA
Dr. Naoji Toki Vice Chairman of the Advisory Council Mitsubishi
Heavy Industries Ltd., JAPAN Mr. Aage Damsgaard ITTC and Advisory
Council Secretary FORCE Technology, DENMARK
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2
Committees of the 25th ITTC
Technical Committees and Group
General Technical Committees
Resistance Committee Dr. Emilio F. Campana, INSEAN, ITALY
Chairman Dr. Joseph J. Gorski, NSWC, David Taylor Model Basin, USA
Secretary Dr. Sandy Day, Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde,
UK Prof. De-Bo Huang, Harbin Engineering University, CHINA Prof. Ho
Hwan Chun, Pusan National University, KOREA Dr. Juha Schweighofer,
Helsinki University of Technology, FINLAND (until 2006) Dr. Tommi
Mikkola, Helsinki University of Technology, FINLAND (from 2006)
Prof. Yusuke Tahara, Osaka Prefecture University, JAPAN Prof.
Gregor MacFarlane, Australian Maritime College, AUSTRALIA Dr. Jesus
Valle, CEHIPAR, SPAIN
Propulsion Committee Dr. Ki-Han Kim, Office of Naval Research,
USA Chairman Dr. Stephen R. Turnock, University of Southampton, UK
Secretary Prof. Wei-Xin Zhou, China Ship Scientific Research
Center, CHINA Dr. Suak-Ho Van, Maritime and Ocean Engineering
Research Institute, KOREA Dr. Anton Minchev, Force - Danish
Maritime Institute, DENMARK Dr. Elena Ya Semionicheva, Krylov
Shipbuilding Research Institute, RUSSIA Prof. Jun Ando, Kyushu
University, JAPAN Prof. Emin Korkut, Istanbul Technical University,
TURKEY Dr. Paolo Becchi, Centro per gli Studi di Tecnica Navale,
ITALY
Manoeuvring Committee Dr.-Ing. Andrs Cura Hochbaum, HSVA GmbH,
GERMANY Chairman Prof. Frederick Stern, IIHR, University of Iowa,
USA Secretary Ir. F. Quadvlieg, MARIN, THE NETHERLANDS Prof. Zao
Jian Zou, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, CHINA Dr. Sun Young Kim,
Maritime and Ocean Engineering Research Institute, KOREA Dr.
Kristian Agdrup, FORCE Technology, DENMARK Prof. Hironori Yasukawa,
Hiroshima University, JAPAN Dr. Pierre Perdon, Bassin dEssais des
Carnes, FRANCE Dr. Riccardo Broglia, INSEAN, ITALY
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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
Seakeeping Committee Dr. Terence R. Applebee, NSWC, David Taylor
Model Basin, USA Chairman Dr. Paul Crossland, QinetiQ, UK Secretary
Dr. G. Hermanski, IOT, National Research Council of Canada, CANADA
Prof. Yonghwan Kim, Seoul National University, KOREA Dr. Jianbo
Hua, SSPA, SWEDEN (until 2007) Mr. Dariusz Fathi, Marintek, NORWAY
(from 2007) Dr. Koichiro Matsumoto, Universal Shipbuilding
Corporation, JAPAN Mr. Jinzhu Xia, Australian Maritime College,
AUSTRALIA Dr. Gregory Grigoropoulos, National Technical University
of Athens, GREECE Dr. Rumen Kishev, Bulgarian Ship Hydrodynamics
Centre, BULGARIA
Ocean Engineering Committee Dr. Pierre Ferrant, cole Centrale de
Nantes, FRANCE Chairman Prof. Martin J. Downie, University of
Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK Secretary Prof. Antonio Carlos Fernandes,
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL Ir. Jaap de Wilde,
MARIN, THE NETHERLANDS Dr. Sa Young Hong, Maritime and Ocean
Engineering Research Institute, KOREA Prof. Jianmin Yang, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, CHINA Dr. R. Baarholm, MARINTEK, Norway Prof.
Shuji Nagata, Saga University, JAPAN Dr. Nuno Fonseca, Instituto
Superior Tcnico, PORTUGAL
Specialist Technical Committees
Stability in Waves Prof. Naoya Umeda, Osaka University, JAPAN
Chairman Mr. Andrew J. Peters, QinetiQ, UK Secretary Dr. Arthur
Reed, NSWC, David Taylor Model Basin, USA Dr. Jan-Otto de Kat,
MARIN, THE NETHERLANDS (until 2006) Dr. Ir. F. van Walree, MARIN,
THE NETHERLANDS (from 2007) Prof. Sheming Fan, Marine Design and
Research Institute of China, CHINA Dr. Shigesuke Ishida, National
Maritime Research Institute, JAPAN Prof. Alberto Fransescutto,
Universit di Trieste, ITALY Prof. Apostolos Papanikolaou, National
Technical University of Athens, GREECE
Ice Dipl.-Ing. Jens-Holger Hellman, HSVA GmbH, GERMANY Chairman
Dr. M. Lau, IOT, National Research Council of Canada, CANADA Mr. R.
Sampson, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Prof. Q.J. Yue,
Dalian University of Technology, CHINA Mr. Gran Wilkman, Aker
Arctic Technology Inc., FINLAND
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4
Committees of the 25th ITTC
Uncertainty Analysis Dr. Joel T. Park, NSWC, David Taylor Model
Basin, USA Chairman Dr. Ahmed Derradji Aouat, IOT, National
Research Council of Canada, CANADA Secretary Prof. Bao Shan Wu,
China Ship Scientific Research Centre, CHINA Prof. Shigeru Nishio,
Kobe University, JAPAN Mr. Erwan Jacquin, Bassin dEssais des
Carnes, FRANCE
Cavitation Dr. Laurence Brianon-Marjollet, Bassin dEssais des
Carnes, FRANCE Chairman Dr. W. Zierke, ARL, Pennsylvania State
University, USA Secretary Dr. Scott Gowing, NSWC, David Taylor
Model Basin, USA Ir. H.C.J. van Wijngaarden, MARIN, THE NETHERLANDS
Dipl.-Ing. Christia Johannsen, HSVA GmbH, GERMANY Dr. Bong Jun
Chang, Hyundai Maritime Research Institute, KOREA Mr. Jan
Hallander, SSPA, SWEDEN Prof. Takafumi Kawamura, University of
Tokyo, JAPAN Dr. Mohammad Saeed Seif, Sharif University of
Technology, IRAN
Azimuthing Podded Propulsion Dr. Noriyuki Sasaki, National
Maritime Research Institute, JAPAN Chairman Prof. C.J. Yang,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, CHINA Secretary Prof. Mehmet Atlar,
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Ir. J.H. Allema, MARIN, THE
NETHERLANDS Dr. Se-Eun Kim, Samsung Heavy Industries Co., KOREA Dr.
Antonio Sanchez-Caja, VTT Industrial Systems, FINLAND Dr. V.
Borusevich, Krylov Shipbuilding Research Institute, RUSSIA Dr.
Francesco Salvatore, INSEAN, ITALY
Powering Performance Prediction Prof. Sverre Steen, Norwegian
University of Science and Technology, NORWAY Chairman Dr. M.J. Bobo
de la Pena, CEHIPAR, SPAIN Secretary Prof. Wei Qui, Memorial
University of Newfoundland, CANADA Mr. Gabor Karafiath, NSWC, David
Taylor Model Basin, USA Dipl.-Ing. Richard Anzbck,
Schiffbautechnische Versuchsanstalt in Wien, AUSTRIA Prof. Dexiang
Zhu, China Ship Scientific Research Centre, CHINA Dr. Jinho Jang,
Samsung Heavy Industries, KOREA Dr. Naoji Toki, Mitsubishi Heavy
Industries Ltd., JAPAN Prof. Mustafa nsel, Istanbul Technical
University, TURKEY
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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
Vortex Induced Vibrations Mr. Halvor Lie, MARINTEK, NORWAY
Chairman Dr. Don Spencer, Oceanic Consulting Corporation, CANADA
Dr. S. Huang, Universities of Glasgow & Strathclyde, UK Prof.
Jung-Chun Suh, Seoul National University, KOREA Prof. Xiong-Liang
Yao, Harbin Engineering University, CHINA Prof. Chang-Kyu Rheem,
University of Tokyo, JAPAN Dr. Elena Ciappi, INSEAN, ITALY
Wake-Fields Dr. Jin Kim, Maritime and Ocean Engineering Research
Institute, KOREA Chairman Dr. T. Fu, NSWC, David Taylor Model
Basin, USA Dr. Tomasz Bugalski, Ship Design and Research Centre,
POLAND Dr. M. Hinatsu, National Maritime Research Institute, JAPAN
Dr. Fabio Di Felice, INSEAN, ITALY
Group
Quality Systems Group Prof. Gerhard Strasser,
Schiffbautechnische Versuchsanstalt in Wien, AUSTRIA Chairman
Dipl.-Ing. Barbara Gnther, Schiffbau Versuchsanstalt Potsdam GmbH,
GERMANY Dr. C.J. Lee, Maritime and Ocean Engineering Research
Institute, KOREA Mr. Akio Ito, Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy
Industries, JAPAN Prof. Marco Ferrando, Universit di Genova,
ITALY
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Specialist Committee on Stability in Waves
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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
The Advisory Council
Report to the 25th ITTC
1. MEMBERSHIP AND MEETINGS The Membership of the 25th ITTC
Advisory Council consisted of 31 organisations. Seoul National
University and Akishima Laboratories (Mitsui Zosen) Inc. resigned
from the council in 2005. Mr. D. Murdey was elected as the Chairman
and Dr. N. Toki as the Vice-Chairman. Mr. Aage Damsgaard was
appointed as the Secretary. The Advisory Council held three
meetings since the last Conference. The first meeting was held in
Rome, Italy 1819 September 2006, the second in Fukuoka, Japan 20-21
September 2007, and the third meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark, 26-28
March 2008.
2. ACTIVITIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL
2.1 Review of the Work of the Technical Committees and
Groups
The technical committees and groups provided progress reports
for the meetings of the Advisory Council in September 2006 and
September 2007. The reports contained information on the progress
of each committees work, attendance at meetings, and any other
matters requiring the attention of the Council. The reports were
reviewed at the meetings of the Council and the progress of the
work was carefully monitored and the
committee chairmen were informed of the councils comments.
2.2 Advisory Council Working Groups
To maintain the effectiveness of its technical work, the Council
continued to make use of the four Working Groups set up before the
24th Conference. The Working Groups have two main responsibilities,
to develop proposals for terms of reference for the future
technical committees and to review and assess the procedures
proposed by the technical committees. Each Working Group was
concerned with the areas covered by approximately three technical
committees. To provide a contact between the new technical
committees and the Council, the Working Groups will remain in place
after the next Conference, with the appropriate division of
committees among them. This should expedite answering any questions
the new technical committees may have concerning their terms of
reference.
2.3 ITTC Recommended Procedures
The technical committees proposed 41 new or revised
procedures.
The Council reviewed the procedures based on criteria for
publication which had been revised at its meeting in Rome. The
result of the review was that 22 procedures were accepted for
publication without revision and 18 for publication after minor
revisions had
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The Advisory Council
been made. One procedure was published including a comment by
the Council. All the procedures were passed to the Quality Systems
Group who ensured they were in line with ITTC requirements for
completeness, structure, symbols and format. The Quality Systems
Group also managed the publication of the procedures in the Manual
of ITTC Recommended Procedures and Guidelines.
2.4 Technical Committees for the 26th ITTC
At the meeting in March 2008, the Council reviewed the drafts of
the Technical Conclusions, Recommendations to the Conference, and
Recommendation for Future Work provided by each technical committee
and group as well as proposals submitted by ITTC members at large.
Based on this information and its assessment of the needs of the
ITTC, the Council drafted a proposal for the tasks and structure of
the 26th ITTC Technical Committees and Group, See Appendix 1. The
following Committees are proposed: General Committees Resistance
Propulsion Manoeuvring Seakeeping Ocean Engineering Specialist
Committees CFD in Ship Hydrodynamics Detailed Flow Measurements
High-speed craft Scaling of Wake Field Stability in Waves Surface
Treatment Uncertainty Analysis Vortex Induced Vibrations
Terms of reference were also proposed for the Quality Systems
Group.
2.5 ITTC Web Site
The permanent ITTC website was established at
http://ittc.sname.org .
The ITTC site is the primary source of information on the ITTC
and includes the link to the detailed information on the 25th
Conference
The Proceedings of all ITTC conferences (except the 2nd, which
although not specifically named is included in the proceedings of
the Institution of Naval Architects for 1934), have been uploaded
to the website. In addition, the hard copy Catalogue of Facilities
has been scanned and put on the website. An update of the Catalogue
has been initiated.
2.6 Rules of ITTC
The Advisory Council reviewed drafts of the proposed new Rules
for the ITTC that had been written by a working group of the
Executive Committee. As a result of these reviews, several changes
were suggested and included in subsequent drafts.
2.7 Continuity of organization of the ITTC
The Advisory Council was concerned that much of the knowledge
and expertise concerning the organisation and operation of the ITTC
would be lost as members of the ITTC community retired. To address
this the Council drafted a procedure General Guidelines for the
Activities of Technical Committees, Liaison with Executive
Committee and Advisory Council. This
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procedure includes an outline timetable for all the major
activities carried out during the three- year period between
Conferences.
3. OFFICERS FOR THE 26TH ITTC ADVISORY COUNCIL
Prof. Gerhard Strasser was appointed as the Chairman for the
26th ITTC Advisory Council. Dr. S.W. Hong was appointed Vice
Chairman.
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Specialist Committee on Stability in Waves
640
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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
The Executive Committee
Report to the 25th ITTC
1. INTRODUCTION
The 25th ITTC Executive Committee has acted according to the
Rules of the Organiza-tion as defined and published in the
Proceed-ings of the 24th ITTC. The Executive Commit-tee has mostly
approved and implemented those policies recommended by the Advisory
Council and also implemented the decisions of the 24th ITTC
Conference held in Edinburgh in 2005.
In all cases, the meetings of the Executive Committee have been
arranged to coincide at the same venue as the meetings of the
Advisory Council.
The Executive Committee consists of seven full-voting members,
six of which are the Rep-resentatives of the six Geographical
Areas, to-gether with the Chairman of the Executive Committee, who
is selected by the previous Conference of the ITTC.
The following are non-voting ex-officio Members of the Executive
Committee, the Past Chairman of the Executive Committee, and the
Chairman and Secretary of the Advisory Coun-cil.
The Secretary of the Executive Committee, who is elected by the
Executive Committee, is also an ex-officio non-voting Member of the
Executive Committee.
2. OBITUARIES Makoto Ohkusu
Professor Makoto Ohkusu of Kyushu Uni-versity, Japan, passed
away of cancer at pan-creas on May 12, 2006, aged 68. He was a
member of the 18th ITTC seakeeping commit-tee (1984-1987), and the
chairman of the 19th ITTC seakeeping committee (1987-1990).
The late Professor Ohkusu started his scien-tific career working
on the steady wave-making resistance of a ship, as a student of
Professor Emeritus Takao Inui at the University of Tokyo. The first
work which made him internationally famous was on the hydrodynamic
interactions among multiple floating bodies. This work has drawn
much attention from engineers and sci-entists, and greatly
contributed to the develop-ment of muti-hull ships and ocean
platforms. Another outstanding contribution by him in ship
hydrodynamics is the development of the unsteady wave-pattern
analysis method. This provided a new technique for studying the
hy-drodynamic forces on and motions of a ship running at forward
speed in waves, and shed new light on the study of added resistance
and resulting speed loss. He also published many other noteworthy
papers, concerning such top-ics as the nonlinear behaviour of a
long cable, a new evaluation method for the oscillating and
translating Green function, and its application to the
boundary-value problem for the flow around ships. In his last years
before retirement from Kyushu University, he also worked on
hydroelastic problems connected with very
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The Executive Committee
large floating structures to be used as floating airports.
His academic achievements are highly rated, for which he
received many awards, such as the best paper award in 1987 and the
award of good textbook publication in 1997 both from the Society of
Naval Architects of Japan (SNAJ), and also Yoshiki Award for
long-term contributions to the development of shipbuild-ing
technologies in 2005. He was chosen as the Lecturer for the
prestigious Weinblum Lecture for the term of 2004-2005. Choung Mook
Lee
Professor Choung Mook Lee passed away on July 26, 2006 at the
age of 73. He was born on November 1, 1933 in Pyungteck, Korea.
Prof. Lee served as the members of ITTC: 20th ITTC Quality
Group, and 21st, 22nd and 23rd ITTC Executive Committees.
Especially he made a significant contribution to the 22nd
Conference held in Seoul and Shanghai in 1999 as the chairman of
the Executive Committee. He attended Seoul National University and
re-ceived his Bachelor of Science degree in naval architecture in
1958. He went to the Unites States of America in 1960 and received
his Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical en-gineering from the
University of North Dakota. Then he continued his advanced studies
at the Department of Naval Architecture, University of California,
Berkeley for his Masters and Ph.D degrees in 1963 and 1966,
respectively. He worked as a research engineer at the David Taylor
Naval Ship R&D Center (DTNSRDC) during 1966-1982. He worked at
the Korea Re-search Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineer-ing
(KRISO) in Korea as the vice president on his sabbatical leave in
1978. He worked as S&T Progress Manager at Office of Naval
Re-search during 1982-1986.
Prof. Lee returned to Pohang University of Science &
Technology (POSTECH), Korea as a professor of mechanical
engineering. He
served as the vice president of POSTECH from 1986 to 1991 and
also as the director of the Advanced Fluid Engineering Research
Center (AFERC), Center of Excellency Program sup-ported by the
Government from 1990 to 2005. He published more than 200 research
papers. He supervised 18 masters and doctoral stu-dents. His
research interests and contributions were significant, lasting and
encompassing and covered development of a numerical scheme for the
second order free surface wave prob-lems, ship motion problems
related to the catamarans and SWATHs during his early ca-reer, and
marine environmental problems in-cluding oil-spill recovery
problems and magne-tohydrodynamics problems during his late
ca-reer.
He received many awards and citations in-cluding the Outstanding
Performance Awards in 1972 and 1975 from DTNSRDC and the
Outstanding Performance Awards in 1983 and 1985 from ONR. He was
also the American Bureau of Shipping- Captain Joseph H. Lin-nard
Prize Recipients in 1975 from the Society of Naval Architects and
Marine Engineers by a paper titled Ocean Catamaran Seakeeping
De-sign Based Upon the Experiences of USNS Hayes. Prof. Lee also
received the Out-standing Scientific Achievement Award in 1996 and
the Best Paper Award in 2004 both from the Society of Naval
Architecture of Ko-rea. He received the Dongbaeg Badge of Na-tional
Decoration in 1997 from the Govern-ment.
Prof. Lee served as the presidents of the Korea Society of
Theoretical and Applied Me-chanics (Korean counterpart of IUTAM),
the Society of Naval Architecture of Korea (SNAK) and the Korean
Society for Marine Environmental Engineering including the chairman
of the Korean Towing Tank Confer-ence (KTTC). He retired from the
Pohang Uni-versity of Science and Technology in February 2006 and
became professor Emeritus. Professor Lee is survived by his wife,
Dr. Sin Ai H. Lee, and two daughters, Jean Young L. Chae and Sue
Lee Collins, both living in the States.
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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
Hitoshi Fujii
Dr. Hitoshi Fujii passed away at the age of 78 on December 11,
2006. He entered Mitsubi-shi Heavy Industries Ltd. (MHI) after
serving as a research associate at Osaka University. He served MHI
as a manager of Seakeeping Re-search Laboratory from 1971 to 1974,
as the Chief Research Engineer of Nagasaki Research and Development
Center from 1982 to 1986. During the period, he devoted himself to
the planning, construction and management of our Seakeeping and
Manoeuvring Basin. He was really a boss of Seakeeping and
Manoeuvring specialists in Nagasaki, even after his
retire-ment.
After the retirement from MHI, he moved to Nagasaki Institute of
Applied Science as a professor.
He contributed to International Towing Tank Community as members
of Manoeuvra-bility Committees of the 15th ITTC (the Har-gue, 1978)
and the 16th ITTC (Leningrad, 1981). Besides that, throughout his
carrier in MHI, he supported the representative of Na-gasaki
Experimental Tank to ITTC as the head of Seakeeping and Manoeuvring
Basin.
He also joined discussions in MARINTEK, SSPA and Bulgarian Ship
Hydrodynamic Cen-tre when the people there were planning their
basins for the testing of Seakeeping, Manoeu-vring and Ocean
Engineering. Dick van Manen
Professor Dick van Manen passed away on Friday December 8, 2006
at the age of 83. An outstanding personality, whose influence
con-tinues to be visible in the current maritime re-search
infrastructure. Not limited only to the Netherlands, but his traces
can be found abroad as well. He maintained professional and
amica-ble contacts with many of his US colleagues, which is
reflected in his friendship with many
of his contemporaries at the David Taylor Model Basin and at the
SNAME.
He particularly left his mark as director (1972-1986) of the
Maritime Research Institute in Wageningen (MARIN) and as part-time
pro-fessor of Resistance and Propulsion in the then Naval
Architecture faculty of Delft University of Technology (1962-1988).
After his prede-cessor (Prof. W.P.A. van Lammeren) laid the
foundation for a better understanding of propel-ler propulsion
through the systematic Wagen-ingen B series, still used worldwide
to this day, Dick van Manen occupied himself primarily with the
propulsion concept in a somewhat broader sense. He did his Ph.D
study, only two years after he finished his MSc degree at MARIN, on
the effect of the non-uniformity of the wakefield on the design of
propellers, a subject that attracted significant attention in those
days, after renowned publications by Betz and Lerbs on ideal radial
loading distribu-tions.
Dick van Manen produced publications on a large number of
concepts, such as the paddle wheel, the ducted propeller, vertical
axis pro-pellers (also known as Voith-Schneider), con-trarotating
propellers and finally his invention: the Whale Tail Wheel (a
combination which links the kinematics of a whale tail to that of
the wheel). Perhaps the most important lesson for his pupils was
that he was continually searching for the elementary simplicity of
the working principles. An illustration of this is the pump
diagram, in which he plotted pump char-acteristics for a number of
ship propulsors in addition to pumps. An enduring legacy is the
Vacuum Tank built in Ede under his leadership. A laboratory
specifically developed for vibra-tion nuisance, noise and erosion
research on ships propellers.
Dick won a number of awards and honorary memberships. He became
a fellow of the Royal Institution of Navigation (UK) in 1975 and
be-came a honorary member fellow of the SNAME in 1976. In 1978 he
became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences
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The Executive Committee
and in 1984 he won the prestigeous David W. Taylor Golden Medal,
awarded to him by the SNAME. In addition, he chaired the
Interna-tional Towing Tank Conference for a number of years.
Alongside his infectious enthusiasm for his field of work as an
ongoing source of profes-sional satisfaction, Dick van Manen was a
champion of positive thinking. He was able to utilize these
characteristics well in a time in which he observed the full impact
of the reduc-tion in Dutch shipbuilding.
In our minds we recall a master, a figure of stature with a
charming presence, searching continuously for the essence and the
simplicity of hydromechanics, with undiminishing and infectious
enthusiasm.
Masatoshi Bessho
Professor Masatoshi Bessho passed away on June 24, 2007 at the
age of 80. He studied at the Department of Naval Architecture, the
Uni-versity of Tokyo, graduated in 1950, and con-tinued advanced
studies at the graduate school of the same university as a special
research student. In 1955, he became a lecturer at the National
Defence Academy, and he was pro-moted to an associate professor in
1957 and full professor in 1968. Until his retirement from the
National Defence Academy in 1992 and even after the retirement, he
had been con-tributing to the research and education, and his
influence is wide-spread not only in Japan but also in the whole
world.
There are many hydrodynamic relations and theories with the name
of Bessho, and his dis-tinctive and incisive ideas with ample
knowl-edge of mathematics are sometimes referred to as magic. A
wave-less floating body and the reverse-time velocity potential are
examples of those magical ideas. His academic interest was very
broad, such as viscous and wave-making resistances, wave-body
interactions, hydrody-namic problems on high-speed ships,
hydroe-
lasticity, acoustics, seaquakes, optimization in hydrodynamic
problems, to name a few.
He had been very amicable to all genera-tions of researchers,
and especially younger researchers were spurred through discussions
with him and just talk on various topics. Not only limited to
magical theories but also he had a great knowledge of experiments
and physical insight, and thus it is sure that he had influ-enced
greatly the activities of the ITTC, par-ticularly in Japan.
Because of his outstanding contributions and
internationally-acclaimed achievements, he received various awards,
such as the best paper award and Yoshiki Award from the Society of
Naval Architects of Japan. In addition, he was also chosen as the
Lecturer for the prestigious Weinblum Lecture for the term of
1993-1994. Dimitar Kostov Kostov
Dr. Dimitar Kostov Kostov, Senior Re-search Scientist, Head of
Ship Hydrodynamics department of the Bulgarian Ship Hydrody-namics
Centre (BSHC) in Varna, passed away on 02 October 2007 at the age
of 62.
Born on 26 June 1945 in Varna, Bulgaria, Dr. Kostov received his
M. Sc. degree as naval architect at the Technical University,
Varna, in 1969.
Dr. Kostov started his scientific career in 1973 at the
Shipbuilding Institute, Varna. He received his Ph.D degree at
Leningrad Ship-building Institute in 1977 for his thesis on
in-vestigation and development of methods for evaluation of full
ships wave making resistance.
In 1986 academic rank senior research sci-entist was conferred
on Dr. Kostov in the field of ship theory. In the same year he
realized successful scientific fellowship on the ship form
optimization for resistance minimization at the University of Tokyo
and Yokohama Na-tional University in Japan.
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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
Dr. Kostov was one of the first researchers with deep
contributions to the formulation of the composition and the
scientific research tasks of the Bulgarian Ship Hydrodynamics
Center and was amongst the founders of this Institution. From the
establishment of BSHC in 1977 till 2007 Dr. Kostov occupied series
of scientific management posts in the field of ship design and ship
performance investigation as well as the post of BSHC scientific
research activities assistant director. He was an active member of
BSHC Scientific Council since its foundation.
Dr. Kostov was manager of series succes-sively finished European
and International in-vestigations and projects.
He was one acknowledged researcher and scientist amongst the
international scientific community as well as member of the
Resis-tance & Flow Committee of the 20th ITTC. Kaname
Taniguchi
Dr. Kaname Taniguchi, the re-founder of Nagasaki basin of
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. (MHI), passed away at the age of
94, on April 29, 2008.
Dr. Kaname Taniguchi entered MHI after graduating from the
University of Tokyo in April, 1937 and started working in the model
basin. At the time, the model basin of Mitsubi-shi was a copy of
No.1 Tank in Hasler, which had been completed in Nagasaki shipyard
in 1908. Shortly after, the planning of a new lar-ger model basin
in a site separate from the shipyard was started and the
construction of the present basin was completed in December, 1943.
However, in less than two years, the above-ground part of the tank
was completely destroyed by an Atomic bombing in August 9th, 1945.
After the war, he devoted himself to the revival of the tank, and
completed the revival of a part of the smaller basin in 1949 and
whole facility in 1953. Then, he tried to manage the whole process
of the tank tests as well as pos-
sible, from hull and propeller design, model manufacturing,
equipments for the measure-ments, conducts of model tests, analyses
of the measured data and power estimation of the full-scale ship.
After completing the whole proce-dures of works within the model
tank, he pro-ceeded to the improvement of the measurement in Sea
Trial and developed the use of what we call Togino-type torsion
meter and accumu-lated the full-scale trial data. His paper titled
Model-Ship Correlation Method in the Mitsu-bishi Experimental Tank
was published in 1963 and marked as the first paper of this kind.
He served as a leader of the model tank until May 1965 and then he
undertook the higher and wider responsibility in Mitsubishi. He
re-tired from Mitsubishi in June 1981 after serv-ing as the
vice-president of the company. After the leave from the tank and
even after the re-tirement from Mitsubishi, he continued to be a
backbone of Nagasaki Basin.
He attended International Towing Tank Conference for the first
time at 7th ITTC (1954, Scandinavia). In 1958, he joined the
Commit-tee of Scale Effects on Propellers and on Pro-pulsion
Factors of 9th ITTC (1960, Raris) in response to the request by the
chairman, Dr. H. Edstrand. He continued the contribution to ITTC as
a member of Propulsion Committee in 10th ITTC (1963, Teddington), a
member of Performance Committees in 11th ITTC (1966, Tokyo) and
12th ITTC (1969, Rome). Then, he served as a member of Executive
Committee in 13th ITTC (1972, Berlin Hamburg) and 14th ITTC (1975,
Ottawa) representing Japan, Ko-rea and China. However, shortly
after the start of the 14th term, he got an ill and handed over the
Executive Committee membership to Prof. Seizo Motora. He also
served as a primary member of the Local Organizing Committees of
11th ITTC and 18th ITTC (1987, Kobe). Tatsuro Hanaoka
Dr. Tetsuro Hanaoka, former Professor of Kagoshima University
and former Director of the Ship Dynamics Division of Ship
Research
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The Executive Committee
Institute, Ministry of Transport, Japan, passed away on April
28, 2008, at the age of 92.
Dr. Tetsuro Hanaoka graduated from Yo-kohama Technical High
School, the predeces-sor of Yokohama National University, in 1940.
After getting through the wartime and postwar shambles, he studied
as a special research stu-dent at Nagoya University and started his
sci-entific career in 1947 at the Railway Technical Laboratory, the
predecessor of Transportation Technical Research Institute and
subsequent Ship Research Institute (present National Mari-time
Research Institute, Japan). After his re-tirement from Ship
Research Institute in 1979, he moved to Kagoshima University as a
pro-fessor in the Faculty of Engineering.
His name is engraved on the well-known Haskind-Hanaoka-Newmans
relation. That is one of the most important theorems in ship
hydrodynamics representing a reciprocity theo-rem on the
wave-exciting force and the radia-tion wave of a ship with forward
speed. As shown in this instance, his outstanding contri-butions to
ship hydrodynamics are firstly in the theory of unsteady wave
resistance and ship dynamics in waves. We are reminded of a fact
that the unsteady wave field around a ship ad-vancing in waves is
governed by a parameter =V/g known as Hanaokas parameter. An-other
outstanding contribution in naval hydro-dynamics is the theoretical
development of un-steady propeller lifting-surface theory. He
solved unsteady flow problems around a pro-peller by utilizing the
acceleration potential as a magic stick and established an elegant
treat-ment for the singularity in the complicated ker-nel function
appearing in an integral equation. The computational results based
on his theory contributed to the comparative study on the propeller
shaft force conducted at the 14th ITTC Propeller Committee and
demonstrated one of the best correlations with measurements. He
also developed a beautiful and fully analyti-cal cavity flow theory
on two-dimensional hy-drofoils of arbitrary shape. Computed results
on three-dimensional hydrofoils by an ex-tended method based on his
cavity flow theory
also contributed to the 14th ITTC Cavitation Committee. Most of
his noteworthy achieve-ments have been continuously enlightening
us.
3. COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP
The Membership of the Executive Commit-tee was formalized at the
24th ITTC Confer-ence in Edinburgh.
Chairman: Prof. Takeshi Kinoshita (Japan)
Area Representatives: Dr. In-Young Koh (Americas) Dr. Harri
Soininen (Northern Europe) Mr. Arne Hubregtse (Central Europe) Dr.
Ulderico Bulgarelli (Southern Europe) Dr. Seung-il Yang (East Asia)
Prof. Yasuyuki Toda (Pacific Islands)
Secretary: Prof. Masashi Kashiwagi (Japan)
In addition, there were the following ex-officio members: Prof.
Attila Incecik
(Past Chairman of Executive Committee) Mr. David Murdey
(Chairman of Advisory Council) Mr. Aage Damsgaard
(Secretary of Advisory Council)
4. COMMITTEE MEETINGS
The 25th ITTC Executive Committee (EC) held four meetings
between September 2005 and March 2008. Further meetings will take
place during the next Conference in Fukuoka, Japan in September
2008.
A preliminary meeting was held in Edin-burgh on 10th September
2005, on the last day of the 24th ITTC Conference. New Members of
the Executive Committee were introduced to each other by the new EC
Chairman. He then appointed Prof. Masashi Kashiwagi to be the new
Secretary of the Executive Committee, who was accepted by the
Committee. It was
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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
agreed that the first task of the Secretary would be to contact
the new Chairmen of the various Technical Committees, to ensure
that they un-derstood their duties and that they would fol-low the
Recommendations of the Conference.
The first full meeting took place in Rome, Italy, on 19th
September 2006. The Executive Committee (EC) discussed the revision
of ITTC Rules and confirmed that the Advisory Council (AC) Chairman
would write a draft of further revision by taking account of
comments from the EC and AC members. Some issues on the
relationship between the ITTC and the IMO (International Maritime
Organization) were discussed and agreed that independence of the
ITTC must be guaranteed, representation of the ITTC towards IMO
would be done by the ITTC Secretary, and expert work requested by
IMO should be performed by relevant Techni-cal Committee members.
It was also agreed that the EC should make efforts to save money in
dispatching the ITTC representatives to IMO meetings and should
discuss and decide to what extent of IMO activities the ITTC be
in-volved. Change of the Northern Europe Repre-sentative on the
Resistance Committee was ap-proved. The EC Chairman announced the
date and venue of the 25th ITTC Conference and explained the state
of arrangement and prepara-tion. The EC also discussed on the venue
for the 26th ITTC Conference but could not decide. Some discussions
were made on the relation and common work between ITTC and ISSC
(such as Loads, Ocean Waves) and on the ITTC Guidelines.
The second meeting took place in Fukuoka, Japan, on the 21st
September 2007. As a con-tinuation from the last meeting, the
revision of ITTC Rules was discussed, and a more refined version
would be submitted at the next EC and AC meetings. Regarding IMO
related issues, the EC confirmed approval of the financial support
from the ITTC for Dr. Frans van Wal-ree (a member of the Specialist
Committee on Stability in Waves) to attend the IMO SLF-50 meeting
as a representative of the ITTC. Since a formal application for the
AC membership
was submitted from COPPE in Brazil, the EC discussed for its
qualification and confirmed to require submission of additional
documents through the Americas Representative. A num-ber of changes
in the Committee members at some Technical Committees (The Northern
Europe Representative on the Seakeeping Committee, the Central
Europe Representative on the Specialist Committee on Stability in
Waves) were approved by the Executive Committee. The EC Chairman
proposed the registration fee of 120,000 Japanese Yen (JPY) for an
ordinary participant and 20,000 JPN for an accompanying person,
which was approved by all EC members. Some schedules for the 25th
ITTC were agreed, such as preparation of a list of expected
participants, topics for the Group Discussions, final reports from
Techni-cal Committees, and so on. Regarding the venue for the 26th
ITTC Conference, no prominent progress had been reported from the
last meeting and thus no decision was made on this issue. The EC
Chairman explained the status of the income and expenditure for the
25th ITTC Secretariat and Proceedings, and presented an estimation
of 6,000 USD for the cost of the Proceedings, to which there was no
objection from the EC members.
The third meeting took place in Lyngby, Denmark, on 27th and
28th March 2008. As a progress from the last meeting, the EC
Chair-man reported that the application from COPPE in Brazil to
become an AC member was with-drawn. The revision of ITTC Rules was
almost completed and after taking account of further comments, if
any, the revised ITTC Rules would be submitted for adoption by the
ITTC Conference in September 2008. The EC ap-proved the application
from the Australian Maritime College (AMC) to become an AC member.
The application for the membership of the ITTC submitted from
Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (JUST) was checked and
the EC confirmed eligibility of JUST and approved the application.
Regarding the venue for the 26th ITTC Conference, no conclusion was
attained despite some discus-sions, and it was agreed that the
final decision
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The Executive Committee
would be made at the EC meeting scheduled on the first day of
the 25th ITTC Conference in Fukuoka. The EC approved that the
following three themes would be coordinated for the Group
Discussions during the 25th ITTC Con-ference in Fukuoka: Impact of
CFD on ship hydrodynamics Image-based measurements around ship
hulls Global warming and impact on ITTC ac-
tivities
It was agreed also to organize a short discus-sion session just
after the technical report of the ICE Committee with chair by Dr.
Harri Soin-inen. Discussions were made on the timetable for the
final reports from Technical Commit-tees, evaluation of activities
of the Committee Members, nomination of new Committee Members, and
decision of the chairmen of Technical Sessions for the 25th ITTC
Confer-ence. Some information was exchanged on the next Area
Representatives, and finally it was confirmed that the next EC
meeting would take place during the 25th ITTC Conference in
Fu-kuoka, Japan.
5. COMMITTEE DECISIONS
5.1 Rules of the Organization
The rules of the Organization are repro-duced in Appendix 5 of
the present Proceed-ings.
5.2 New Committee Structure
A new Committee Structure, created by the Advisory Council, was
agreed and endorsed by the Executive Committee. It will be
effective for the 26th ITTC Technical Committees and Groups,
following the final decision and agreement of the ITTC Conference
in Septem-ber 2008.
5.3 New ITTC Member Organizations
During the three years of the 25th ITTC, there was only one new
Organization accepted for Membership within the ITTC: Jiangsu
University of Science and Technol-
ogy (JUST), China
5.4 Review of Advisory Council Membership
According to the Rules of the Organization, half of the Member
Organizations were chosen during the 24th ITTC, for review and
reconfir-mation of their membership of the ITTC Advi-sory Council.
During this 25th ITTC, the re-maining half Members have been
circulated with the standard questionnaire and it is ex-pected that
all will be confirmed by the Execu-tive Committee in September
2008.
During the 25th ITTC an application from the Australian Maritime
College (AMC) for Membership of the Advisory Council was
con-sidered and accepted by the Executive Com-mittee.
5.5 Changes in Technical Committee Membership
The following changes in Membership of the Technical Committees
were approved by the Executive Committee.
Resistance Committee Dr. Tommi Mikkola of Helsinki
University
of Technology, Finland replaced Dr. Juha Schweighofer of
Helsinki University of Technology, Finland.
Manoeuvring Committee The affiliation of the Chairman, Dr.
Andres
Cura Hochbaum, was changed from Pots-dam Model Basin to Hamburg
Ship Model Basin (HSVA).
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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
Seakeeping Committee Mr. Darius Fathi of MARINTEK, Norway
replaced Dr. Jianbo Hua of SSPA, Sweden.
Stability in Waves Dr. Frans van Walree of MARIN, the Neth-
erlands replaced Dr. Jan O de Kat who left MARIN.
5.6 ITTC Website
The Executive Committee decided to con-tinue two websites as in
the 24th ITTC.
One permanent and official website will provide all the general
information of the ITTC, the rules, and a list of the Member
Organiza-tions. It will also contain a list of the ITTC Technical
Committees, their Members and the tasks they have been allocated by
the Confer-ence. It will also possible to download most of the ITTC
documents, such as ITTC news, the Symbols and Terminology List, the
Recom-mended Procedures and past Conference Pro-ceedings. This
website is controlled by the ITTC Secretary and is hosted by SNAME
as the main archive of the ITTC, at the following address,
http://ittc.sname.org.
The other website, which is linked from the official website
described above, will be con-cerned with the 25th ITTC and will be
con-trolled by the Executive Committee Secretary, as the organizers
of the ITTC Conference. It will contain information on the
Conference, such as registration and hotel information, the
Conference timetable and social programme.
Also included will be helpful details regarding the Conference
venue and travel details. Finally, PDF files of the Conference
Proceedings are made available to Members on this website, in
advance of the forthcoming Conference. This website address is:
http://riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp/ship/ittc/
5.7 Organization of 25th ITTC
The 25th ITTC will be held in Fukuoka, Ja-pan, hosted by the
Japan Society of Naval Ar-chitects and Ocean Engineers (JASNAOE)
and organized by the organizing committee in Ja-pan, the Chairman
of which is Professor Emeri-tus Katsuro Kijima of Kyushu
University. The main venue of the Conference will be the 5th floor
of Fukuoka International Congress Center, which is situated near
Hakata Port close to the center of Fukuoka City.
5.8 Organization of 26th ITTC
A proposal was received for hosting the 26th ITTC from the
Americas Area, which was presented by the Americas Representative,
Dr. In-Young Koh, to hold the 26th ITTC in Brazil in 2011. The
proposal has been discussed by the Executive Committee since the
second meeting. Because of some concerns among some Executive
Committee Members, no de-finitive conclusion was attained at the
meetings of the Executive Committee. The final decision will be
made on the Executive Committee meeting scheduled on the first day
of the 25th ITTC Conference in September 2008.
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Specialist Committee on Stability in Waves
640
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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
The Resistance Committee
Final Report and Recommendations to the 25th ITTC 1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Membership Chairman: Dr. Emilio F. Campana Istituto
Nazionale per Studi ed Esperienze di Architettura Navale (INSEAN),
ITALY Secretary: Dr. Joseph Gorski Naval Surface Warfare Center,
Carderock Division, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Members: Dr. Ho-Hwan
Chun Pusan National University, KOREA Dr. A. H. (Sandy) Day
Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde, Scotland, UNITED KINGDOM
Dr. De-Bo Huang Harbin Engineering University, CHINA Mr. Gregor
Macfarlane Australian Maritime College, AUSTRALIA Dr. Tommi Mikkola
Helsinki University of Technology, FINLAND Dr. Yusuke Tahara Osaka
Prefecture University, JAPAN Dr. Jess Valle Canal de Experiencias
Hidrodinamicas de El Pardo (CEHIPAR), SPAIN
1.2 Meetings The committee met 4 times: 6-7 February 2006,
Launceston, Australia 16-17 September 2006, Rome, Italy 3-4 May
2007, Valencia, Spain 11-12 December 2007, Bethesda, United
States
1.3 Tasks
Below we list the tasks carried out by the 25th resistance
committee (RC), based on the recommendations given by the 24th
ITTC. 1. Update the state-of-the-art for predicting
the resistance of different ship concepts, hull design methods
and hull optimization emphasising developments since the 2005 ITTC
Conference.
a) Comment on the potential impact of
new developments on the ITTC. b) Emphasise new experimental
techniques and extrapolation methods and the practical
applications of computational methods to resistance prediction and
scaling.
c) Identify the need for R&D for improving methods of model
experiments, numerical modelling and full-scale measurements.
2. Review ITTC recommended procedures
7.5-01-01-01 and 7.5-02-02-01 to 7.5-02-02-06.
a) Determine if any changes are needed in
the light of current practice.
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The Resistance Committee
b) Identify the requirements for new procedures.
c) Support the Specialist Committee on Uncertainty Analysis in
reviewing the procedures handling uncertainty analysis.
3. Critically review examples of validation of
prediction techniques. Identify and specify requirements for new
benchmark data.
4. Complete the ITTC worldwide comparative
tests for establishing benchmark data to identify the facilities
biases.
5. Identify developments in computational
and experimental methods for prediction of far field waves and
wash.
6. Review experimental and computational
methods to describe the airflow around the superstructure of
vessels.
2. RESISTANCE COMMITTEE QUESTIONNAIRE
The RC was charged with updating the procedures for model
manufacture (7.5-01-01-01) and for resistance tests (7.5-02-02-01).
In some cases, improvements could be made in wording and notation;
however some areas appear to offer the potential for technical
improvements.
In order to inform others of the process of updating the
procedures the RC prepared a questionnaire on issues considered by
the RC to offer potential for improvement. This addressed three
areas: Turbulence Stimulation, and Scaling; Speed Measurement, and
Model Installation. The questionnaire was circulated by e-mail to
all ITTC facilities. 25 facilities replied to the questionnaire; 11
from Europe, 11 from Asia and Australia and 3 from the Americas.
Not all facilities answered all questions. The RC believes that the
results will be of interest to ITTC members, and they are presented
here in anonymous form.
2.1 Turbulence Stimulation and Scaling
It was considered that the methods described in 7.5-01-01-01 may
not reflect current practice. Members were asked which method(s) of
turbulence stimulation they used, whether they were aware of the
ITTC recommendations and when / whether they were adopted. Members
were then asked to comment on situations in which ITTC
recommendations were not adopted, and how the procedures might be
improved. The final question in the first part related to the
choice(s) of friction line for scaling.
Methods adopted are shown in Figure 2.1. Some facilities
indicated that different approaches were used for different vessel
types, and in some cases for different model materials. In
particular several members commented on the need to adopt different
techniques for vessels with large dynamic trim, and on
appendages.
0 5 10 15 20 25
Studs
Trip Wire
Sand Strips
Hama Triangles
Other
Figure 2.1 Turbulence stimulation method.
Results for compliance with ITTC procedure are shown in Figure
2.2. One reason given by some members for not adopting ITTC
procedures was a reluctance to change their established practices
without evidence of clear benefits in model-ship correlations.
Additionally some members pointed out that clients sometimes
specify the turbulence stimulation approach.
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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
0 5 10 15
Unaware of ITTC procedure
Aware, but never adopt
Aware and sometimes adopt
Aware and normally adopt
Figure 2.2 ITTC recommendations for turbulence stimulation
method.
One issue raised by several members was the turbulence
stimulation on bulbous bows, where current guidance was not
considered satisfactory. An informal discussion with some of the
members involved indicated that stimulation procedures for bulbous
bows vary significantly between facilities. However, in order to
propose improved procedures it is felt that both a detailed study
of the phenomena involved, and a validation via model-ship
correlation would be required. As a result no proposals have been
made for modification of this procedure at this stage. Several
members indicated that procedures were inappropriate for
yachts.
0 5 10 15 20
ITTC 1957
Schoenherr
Other
Figure 2.3 Friction line.
The results for the fiction line are shown in Figure 2.3. Here
there was a very clear (and expected) result; the Japanese members
generally use the Schoenherr line, whilst all
others generally use the ITTC 1957 line; one member reported
using the Prandtl-Schlichting approach in some cases.
2.2 Speed Measurement
The second part of the questionnaire related to the measurement
of speed. It was felt that the existing procedure offered
relatively little discussion of appropriate techniques for
measuring speed given the importance of this measurement. Members
were asked about the primary measurement system, the benchmark
system used for calibration, the frequency of calibration and the
accuracy of speed measurement.
Results showing primary and secondary measurement systems are
given in Figures 2.4-2.5. It can be seen that a trailing wheel with
an encoder or similar is the most popular primary method, though
several members reported measuring speed directly from the carriage
drive. Optical/proximity sensors are the most widely used secondary
approach, whilst some facilities have custom-developed devices for
speed calibration.
0 5 10 15 20
Trailing wheel &encoder
Carriage drive
Optical/ProximitySensors
Pitot Tube
Other
Figure 2.4 Primary speed measurement.
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The Resistance Committee
0 5 10 15
Trailing wheel &encoder
Carriage drive
Optical/ProximitySensors
Pitot Tube
Other
none
Figure 2.5 Secondary speed measurement. Practice with regard to
the frequency of calibration varied widely, between daily
calibration and calibration over periods of several years. Whilst
the reasons for this variation were not discussed, it may be
dependant on the nature of the primary and secondary systems
adopted. However the majority of replies indicated speed
calibration once or twice per year.
All facilities reported that their speed measurement met the
current standard (i.e. 0.1% of the maximum speed), and almost half
of the members reported a considerably better accuracy (see Figure
2.6).
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
correct the trim of the vessel. Results are shown in Figure
2.8.
0 5 10 15
not aproblem
no trimcorrection
sometimescorrect trim
normallycorrect trim
other
Figure 2.8 Trim correction approach.
Some members indicated that trim corrections were applied when
vessels resistance were sensitive to trim and could adopt large
dynamic trim, but not for conventional displacement vessels. A
related question was asked with relation to practice adopted when
vessels were not transversely stable. Results are shown in Figure
2.9.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
not a problem
restrain via towing connection
restrain via trim/yaw guides
other
Figure 2.9 Transverse instability approach.
0 5 10 15
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The Resistance Committee
pressures are 400kPa, 4kPa. The cavitation number range is from
0.07 to 5.5.
Equipment and instrumentation includes propeller dynamometers, 6
component balances, water-jet test circuit, laser diagnostics,
nuclei and incondensable gas injection and separation, working
section boundary layer thickness control. The tunnel is designed
for propellers or models of diameters from 150mm to 300mm.
The principal tests expected to be performed will be:
1) conventional cavitation testing. 2) cavitation nucleation and
diffusion
phenomena. 3) laser diagnostics.
CEHIPAR. CEHIPAR have installed a numerically-controlled
five-axis milling machine with capacity to produce models and any
other kind of work-pieces up to 10950 mm long, 2500 mm wide and
1200 mm high. The rotational speed can vary from 1000 to 20000 rpm.
The total power is 12 kW. The machine can work with a range of
materials including aluminium, bronze, wood, paraffin wax, PVC,
polystyrenes, polyurethanes and other compounds.
Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde. The Universities of
Glasgow and Strathclyde have installed a new wavemaker in the Acre
Rd Hydrodynamics Laboratory. The four-paddle absorbing wavemaker
can move vertically in order to allow for different water depths.
The wavemaker can generate periodic waves over frequencies from
around 0.2Hz to 2 Hz. Periodic waves over 600mm in height can be
generated; single breaking waves can be generated up to around
1000mm in height. The facility is designed for examination of
highly non-linear unsteady phenomena such as survivability and
capsize in extreme seas.
3. TRENDS IN EXPERIMENTAL FLUID DYNAMICS
3.1 Introduction
This chapter reviews the recent research towards understanding
physical meaning in hydrodynamics and applying new techniques in
the area of experimental fluid dynamics (EFD). The trends in EFD
related to the field of naval architecture is summarized into five
parts: 1) new and advanced techniques in hydrodynamic experiments,
2) wake and pressure, 3) wave breaking and wave profile
measurements, 4) full scale tests, and 5) drag reduction.
3.2 New and Advanced Techniques in Hydrodynamic Experiments
There have been remarkable developments in the hydrodynamic
experiments and measurement techniques used in: a towing tank, a
water tunnel, a water channel, a wind tunnel, and a wave tank. EFD
progress has been closely related with the notable improvements of
optical techniques such as: Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV),
Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV), Laser Doppler Velocimetry
(LDV), and Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF), among others, and the
ever-increasing computer power. The advanced techniques for
hydrodynamic experiments are introduced and the recent research
using these techniques is summarized.
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). PIV is an optical technique
used to measure velocities and related properties in fluids. The
fluid is seeded with particles which are generally assumed to
faithfully follow the flow dynamics. The velocity field having 2 or
3 components is computed from the correlation between successive
particle images using statistical methods.
The PIV technique is one of the most popular optical techniques
to measure the
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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I
velocity field. Because it requires a relatively large space for
CCD cameras, illuminating laser, computers, and other gear, its
practical application has been limited in the naval hydrodynamic
area. Recently, the PIV technique has been utilized to obtain the
velocity field near a model ship in a towing tank overcoming this
space limitation. Atsavapranee et al. (2004) measured the pressure,
forces, and moments acting on a 5.27m submarine model, ONR Body-1
(bare hull, bare hull with sail and fully appended) and obtained
the flow field including the vortical flow and flow separation near
the model using PIV. Chen and Chang (2006) developed a flow
velocity measurement system to observe velocity fields near ship
models using a moving PIV system. These researchers discussed
technical issues related to the application of PIV in towing tanks
and suggested possible solutions for the problems caused in the
moving PIV system. To remove the reflection of the laser light from
cavitation, Foeth et al. (2006) utilized PIV measurement to
investigate the cavitation developed on a hydrofoil surface with
fluorescent tracer particles. Ryu et al. (2005) modified a PIV
technique to obtain the flow field of the highly aerated area
generated by wave breaking and greenwater since the highly aerated
bubbly flow caused traditional PIV techniques to fail due to the
uncontrollable scattering of the laser light. This modified PIV
method, called bubble image velocimetry (BIV), was introduced by
directly using bubbles as the tracer and measuring the bubble
velocity by correlating the texture of the bubble images.
Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV). PTV is also an optical
technique to measure the fluid velocity including 2 or 3
components. While the PIV measurement computes one velocity vector
from several particles in the interrogation area, PTV determines
the velocity of each individual particle within the optical
image.
Hoyer et al. (2005) presented an experimental setup and data
processing
schemes for 3-D scanning PTV, which expands on the classical 3-D
PTV through changes in the laser illumination and image acquisition
and analysis. This technique allows for obtaining Lagrangian flow
information directly from measured 3-D trajectories of individual
particles. Lee et al. (2005) applied the adaptive hybrid two-frame
PTV technique to measure the flow characteristics of a turbulent
wake behind a marine propeller with five blades and compared the
results to those obtained with PIV. This technique can be extended
to investigate the nominal and effective wake distribution as well
as the details of the flow field fore and aft of a rotating
propeller behind a ship model.
Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). The LIF technique is a
spectroscopic method used for studying structure of molecules,
detection of selective species, and flow visualizations and
measurements. The species in the fluid to be examined is excited
with the help of a laser. The wavelength selected for the species
and the fluorescence light is obtained by a camera with an optical
bandwidth filter. This optical technique is often used to
investigate the concentration and molecular behaviour in a fluid in
combination with PIV or PTV.
Troy and Koseff (2005) presented the application of LIF for the
generation and quantitative visualization of breaking progressive
internal waves. LIF techniques can help in understanding the
nature