PROCEEDINGS AISTEEL 2018aisteel2018.unimed.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/43-46.pdf · Desi Purnama Sari; Siti Aisyah Ginting ... Irwan Panggabean; R. Mursid; Samsidar Tanjung ...

rd THE 3 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON TRANSFORMATIVE EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND

AISTEEL

Supported and Coordinated by:

Postgraduate SchoolState University of Medan North Sumatera, Indonesia

Organized by:

Indexing By :

PROCEEDINGS

Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan - Indonesia

03-04 October 2018

ISSN: 2548 - 4613ISSN: 2548 - 4613ISSN: 2548 - 4613Vol. 3, December 2018Vol. 3, December 2018Vol. 3, December 2018

2018

Education, Learning and Leadership Innovation

9 772548 461 001

Proceedings of The 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL)

eISSN: 2548-4613

i

Proceedings of The 3rd

Annual International Seminar on

Transformative Education and Educational Leadership

(AISTEEL 2018)

“Education, Learning, and Leadership Innovation”

Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia

October 3-4, 2018

Editorial Board

Editorial-in-Chief

Dr. Juniastel Rajagukguk, M.Si (State University of Medan, Unimed)

Deputy Editor Dr. Saronom Silaban, M.Pd (State University of Medan, Unimed)

International Advisory Board / Scientific Committee Prof. Dr. Kala Saravanamuthu (University of Newcastle, Australia)

Prof. Arjen EJ Wals (University of Gothenburg, Sweden)

Prof. Dr. Bornok Sinaga, M.Pd (Unimed, Indonesia)

Prof. Dr. Aytekin Isman (Sakarya University, Turkey)

Prof. Peter Charles Taylor, Ph.D., Med., B.Sc., Dip.Ed (Murdoch University, Australia)

Prof. Dr. Mukhlas Samani, Ph.D (Indonesia)

Prof. Dr. Jailani bin Md. Yunos (University Tun Hussein on Malaysia)

Prof. Dr. Nurahimah Mohd. Yusuf (UTM, Malaysia)

Assoc. Prof. Dr Pedro Isaias (University of Queensland, Australia)

Assoc. Prof. Elisabeth Taylor, Ph.D (Murdoch University, Australia)

Dr. Bambang Sumintono, M.Ed (Universiti Malaya, Malaysia)

Dr. Isma Widyaty, M.Pd (UPI, Indonesia)

Prof. Dr. Syahrul R, M.Pd (UNP, Indonesia)

Prof. Amrin Saragih, MA., Ph.D (Unimed, Indonesia)

Assoc. Prof. Ade Gafar Abdullah, M.Si (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)

Eng. Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)

Prof. Dr. Hartono, M.Pd (Universitas Negeri Semarang)

Please cite the proceeding as “Proceeding of the First Annual International Seminar on

Transformative Education and Educational Leadership Vol. 3” with the following

abbreviation: Proc. Aist., 3


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Proceedings of the 3rd

Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education

and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018)

Preface

The 3rd

Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership

(AISTEEL 2018) was held in Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan City-Indonesia on 3-4 October 2018.

This seminar is organized by Postgraduate School, Univesitas Negeri Medan and become a routine

agenda at Postgraduate program of Unimed now.

The AISTEEL is realized this year with various presenters, lecturers, researchers and students from

universities both in and out of Indonesia participating in, the seminar with theme “Education,

Learning and Leadership Innovation.”

The plenary speakers coming from various provinces in Indonesia have been present topics covering

multi disciplines. They have contributed many inspiring inputs on current trending educational

research topics all over the world. The expectation is that all potential lecturers and students have

shared their research findings for improving their teaching process and quality, and leadership.

The third AISTEEL presents a keynote speaker and 4 distinguised invited speakers from Australia,

Singapore, Taiwan, and Malaysia. In addition, presenters come from various Government and Private

Universities, Institutions, Academy, and Schools. Some of them are those who have sat and will sit in

the oral defence examination.

There are 326 articles submitted to committee, some of which are presented orally in parallel sessions,

and others are presented through posters. The articles have been reviewed by double blind reviewer

and 198 of them were accepted for published by Atlantis Press indexed by International Indexation.

Meanwhile 83 papers were published in online International Proceedings indexed by Google Scholar.

The Committees of AISTEEL invest great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the

conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit.

Grateful thanks to all of members of The 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative

Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018) for their outstanding contributions. Thanks

also given to Universitas Negeri Medan for published this volume.

The Editors

Bornok Sinaga

Rahmad Husein

Juniastel Rajagukguk


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Table of Contents

Titles and Authors page

Design of Physical Practicum Tools on Rotational Dynamics Matter with

Scientific Concept

1 Fretty Doharni Ritonga; Nurdin Bukit; Betty M.Turnip...........................................

Analysis of the Leading Sector and Its Effect on the Economy in Pakpak Bharat

Regency

6 Dinar Melani Hutajulu; M. Nasir; Arwansyah....................................................................

Analyze the Characteristic and Factors Cause of Bullying Behaviours in Early

Childhood

12 Fadhilah Syam Nasution; Anita Yus; Aman Simaremare.........................................

Play Finger Painting in Creative Art Model to Help Smooth Motoric

Development and Creativity of Group a in Kindergarten at Aek Loba Pekan

Village

18 Lola Wita Harahap; Sri Milfayetty; Rosmala Dewi.................................................

Maintenance of Gayonese Kinship Terms by Gayonese Minority Migrants in

Jabodetabek

22 Desi Purnama Sari; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Berlin Sibarani........................................

Effect of Functional Training and TRX Suspension Training on Body

Composition member Golden Fitness and Spa

26 Rafliansyah; Nurhayati Simatupang; Albadi Sinulingga.........................................

Interpersonal Metaphor Used in the Boss Baby Movie

29 Khairuni Syafitri; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Anni Holila Pulungan.................................

Speech Act in Indonesia Lawyers Club: KPK vs Novanto

32 Theresia Fransiska Sidabutar; Zainuddin; Busmin Gurning...................................

The Effect of Instructional Strategy and Style Ofthinking Secuential on Students

Outcome MAN Medan

36 Siti Aisyah Hanim; Tiur asih siburian; Darwin........................................................

The Effect of Cooperative Learning Models and Self Efficacy on Student

Mathematics Learning Outcomes

39 Sabdo Puji Rahayu; Mukhtar; Keysar Panjaitan.....................................................

Ideational Grammatical Metahpor in Reading Texts for Senior High School

English Textbooks

43 Diemam Ferzhawana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Zainuddin............................................

Effect of Soft Modification on Student Learning Results PAB 13 Kwala Begumit

Private Vocational School

47 Iskandar Fahmi.........................................................................................................

Differences in Metacognitive Ability of Students Through Learning Realistic

Mathematics Education and Problem Based Learning in Pangkalan Susu Senior

High School

51 Chairi Mutia Lubis; Waminton Rajagukguk; Kms.M.Amin Fauzi...........................

Development of Interactive Learning Media Projection of Working Drawing on

Students of Class X TKR in SMK Markus 2 Medan

56 Irwan Panggabean; R. Mursid; Samsidar Tanjung.................................................

Metaphor of Modality in Donald Trump’s Speech in

United Nation General Assembly 2017

60 Nursyah Handaya; Siti Aisyah Ginting.....................................................................

Traditional Sport Of Silek Tuo In Minangkabau Community (a study of Silek tuo

advice) 63


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Prima Nanda; Sabaruddin Yunis; Agung Sunarn.....................................................

Improved Student’s Generic Science Skills With The Application of Cooperative

Learning Models Based on Batak Culture

66 Rika Sari Indah Harahap; Derlina; Rahmatsyah; Sahyar; Bornok.........................

Management Development Athletes of Shorinji Kempo North Sumatra Region

71 Arti Kurniaty Bangun................................................................................................

Efforts to Improve Learning Results Free Basketball Shot (Free Throw) Through

The Application of Teaching Style Inclusion

75 Bob Rahmat Manalu........................................... .....................................................

Development of Egosan Engineering Extension Models with Straight Sticking in

Pencak Silat

77 William Filipus; Amir Supriadi; Tarsyad Nugraha..................................................

The Development of Interactive Learning Media of Athletic on Physical

Education in SMP Negeri 15 Medan

81 Akhmad Khaidir; Budi Valianto; Tarsyad Nugraha.................................................

The Effect of Learning Model and Self-Reliance Learning toward Science

Learning Outcomes

84 Rohima; Mukhtar; Samsidar Tanjung......................................................................

The Effect of Learning Method and Kinesthetic Perception on The Learning

Outcomes of Lay Up Basketball

88 Saiful Adrian; Nurhayati Simatupang; Suprayitno…………………………………....

Analysis Of Physical Education Teacher Management Skills In State Elementary

School Sub-District Medan Tembung

91 Syahrul Effendi Nasution; Amir Supriadi; Albadi Sinulingga..................................

Innovation Of The Speed Model Using Running With The Ball Techniques In

Football

95 Julio Roberto; Amir Supriadi; Novita........................................... ...........................

The Development of Penetration Drill Training Technique of Wrestling Sport

99 Ihsan Idris Silalahi; Jan Bobby Nesra Barus...........................................................

Speech Function of Anies Baswedan’s Speech in Approval Ceremony as the

Governor of Jakarta in the Period of 2017-2022

102 Ahmad Rifa’i Ritonga; Sumarsih........................................... ..................................

Development of Web-Based Learning Media to Enhance Writing Capability of

Biography Text of Student Class X SMA

105 Rencus B. Sinabariba, Tiur Asi Siburian, Mutsyuhito Solin....................................

Implementing the Teaching Supervision by Principals in Improving the

Performance of Teachers in Aceh Besar

109 Said Ashlan........................................... ........................................... .......................

Female Principal Leadership

115 Hendro Widodo; Hengkang Bara Saputra........................................... ...................

The Ways of Rohingya Teenagers in Medan Realized Their Language Attitude

120 I Wayan Dirgayasa; Rahmat Husein; Lonni NurIffah Nasution..............................

Metaphor in Umpasa of Saurmatua Toba Batak Ceremony

124 Heppy Yersin Digita Purba; Rahmad Husein; Anni Holila Pulungan.....................

The Influence of Part Method, Whole Method and Determination Exercise

Methods on Improving Exercise in the Sports Branch of Pencak Silat Single Art

Category of College Students SPDKK (Art of Kencana Kwitang Self Defense)

Deli Serdang Year 2018/2019

127 Mawar Sari........................................... ........................................... .......................

Figurative Expressions in The Karo Batak Wedding Ceremony Generated by The 130


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Philosophy of Rakut Sitelu

Desi Haryati Nianggolan..........................................................................................

Evaluation of Implementation of Sustainable Professional Development (PKB)

for Junior High School Physical Education Teachers to Increase Professionalism

in Tebing Tinggi City

135 Mhd Fazar Afandi.....................................................................................................

Development of Innovative PJOK teaching materials on floor gymnastics

materials to improve learning outcomes of Grade Students at Junior Hight School

138 Bangun Saragih........................................................................................................

The Influence of the Discovery Learning Model assisted with Image Media and

Motivation Against Civics Learning Outcomes of Students in Class IV of Public

Elementary Schools 055980 Aman Damai 2017/2018

142 Heryansyah Ginting; Dede Ruslan; Reh Bungana Br.Perangin-angin....................

Development of science teaching materials based on Science Technology Society

(STM) and its influence on learning outcomes of fourth grade students of MIN

Medan Tembung

149 Diah Hafizhotul Husna; Nuraini; Ramlan Silaban..................................................

The Improvement of Cooperative Learning Model Application Skill in Numbered

Head Together Through Clinical Supervision of Art Teacher in SDN 060886

Medan Baru

154 Unita Vitta Omas Sianturi; Martua Manullang; Rosmala Dewi..............................

Gold of North Sumatera Program Coach Performance

159 Suyono; Hariadi; Supryetno.....................................................................................

Transitivity Systems Analysis of Bilingual Civic 3 Education Textbook for Grade

XII

163 Jusup Sitepu; Anni Holila Pulungan; I Wayan Dirgeyasa Tangkas........................

The Lecturer Performance Development of the STKIP Bina Bangsa Getsempena

Banda Aceh

169 Saiful Bahri...............................................................................................................

The Interference of Batak Mandailing Language to Indonesian (In The Interaction

At The Seventh Grade Students Of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Al-Azhar

Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Padang Sidimpuan)

175 Siti Jahria Sitompul; Abdurrahman Adisaputera; Sumarsi......................................

The Influence of Microbiology Dictionary and Microbiology Textbook

Utilization in the Contextual Learning Framework on Biology Students Higher

Order Thinking Skills

177 Kiki Rizqi Sahara; Hasruddin; Ashar Hasairin........................................................

The Differences of Learning Style and Students’ Creativity to Students’

Achievement in Dribbling the Ball in Playing Football of Seventh Grade Students

of SMP Ar – Rahman Percut

180 Muammar Afif Marpaung; Imran Akhmad; Rahma Dewi........................................

Development of Gobag Sodor Game Model to Increase Interest in Elementary

Students

184 Siska Nova Undari....................................................................................................

The Influence of Research-Based Learning with Portfolio Assessment on Science

Process Skills in Microbiology Course for Biology Program Students

187 Saudah Rahmayanti; Hasruddin; Tumiur Gultom....................................................

The Influence of Teaching Style and Confident Against the Results of a Study of

Shooting in the Game of Football (Experiment Studies the Self Check Style and

the Guided Discovery Style at a Private Junior High School Seventh Grader 191


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Tembung Sabilina)

Muhammad Syaiful; Ramadhan Harahap................................................................

Development of Mirror Writing Teaching Materials Based on Class XI Media

Literation of Lolomatua 1 State High School

195 Yanida Bu'ulolo; Biner Ambarita; Marice..............................................................

The Development of Teaching Materials for Technology- Assisted Procedure

Text in Vocational High School

197 Nova Andarini; Biner Ambarita; Malan Lubis.........................................................

Development of Adobe Flash Based Floor Gymnastics Media Learning on Health

Sport Education Lesson

201 Hardiansyah...............................................................................................................

The Effect of Learning Approach and Linguistic Competence Capability Reading

The English Narative Text of Student SMA Negeri 6 Padangsidimpuan.

206 Sukriyah Batubara; Keysar Panjaitan........................................................... ……….

Analysis Effect of Household Consumption, Investment and Labor to Economy

Growth In Sumatera Utara

209 Richna Handriyani; Arwansyah; Sahyar...................................................................

Idioms Translation Strategies in Pasung Jiwa Novel English Version

213 Hariyanto; Amrin Saragih; Sumarsih........................................................................

Code Mixing in Novel: A Case of Indonesian Literary Work

216 Nurul Hidayanti Hasibuan; Amrin Saragih; Sumarsih.............................................

Logico-Semantic Relation in Presidential Debate Between Hillary Clinton and

Donald Trump

221 Annisa Risma Khairani Lubis; Della Fransiska Ginting; Jumino Suhadi................

Semiotic Meanings in Cigarette Advertisement Texts

227 Rodearta Purba; Zainuddin; Amrin Saragih.............................................................

Modality as Hedging Device in the US Presidential Election Debate

232 Roobby Hamdanur; Anni Holila Pulungan; Zainuddiin...........................................

The Improving Mathematical Communication Ability Through Realistic

Mathematical Approach Based on Toba Batak Culture

235 Aman Sanusi Siregar.................................................................................................

Speech Functions of Doctors and Patients on Medical Consultation Process

239 Resti Citra Dewi; Anni Holila Pulungan, Sumarsih..................................................

The Development of Venturimeter Instrumentation in Dynamic Fluid

243 Zahrani Dalimunthe; Rahmatsyah; Derlina..............................................................

Lexical Metaphors in Onang-onang of Bobby and Kahiyang Tortor Dance

246 Siti Rahma Ritonga; Anni Holila Pulungan; Didik Santoso......................................

The Discourse Markers in President Joko Widodo’s Speeches in KTT APEC

China in 2015

249 Syahbuddin Nasution1; Busmin Gurning; I Wayan Dirgayasa Tangkas..................

Preparation of Papers in Two-Column Format for AISTEEL Conference

Proceedings Translator’s Strategies in Transferring Cultural Values in Ratatouille

Film

254 Femy Septiani; Anni Holila Pulungan......................................................................

Lexical Metaphor In Printed Car Advertisements

258 Misdiana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Amrin Saragih..........................................................

Political Discourse Analysis of Donald Trump Political Speech

263

Elisa Silviani Siregar; Prof. Dr.Zainuddin, M.Hum; Prof.Dr. Sri MindaMurni,

MS...................................................................................... .....................................

Motivation of Farmers in Group Management to Develop Maize Cultivation 267


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Nurliana Harahap; Mahendra Ginting Manik; Indah Listiana................................

Appraisal of Healthy Product Advertisement on Television

274 Nurun Nazipah Harahap; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Rahmad Husein Napitupuluh..........

Lexical Metaphor in Andrea Hirata’s “The Dreamer” Novel

277 Nurul Sa’adah; I Wy. Dirgeyasa; Siti Aisyah Ginting...............................................

Impoliteness Strategies Used by Governor Candidates of DKI Jakarta in Governor

Election Debate 2017

281 Sri Minda Murni; Busmin Gurning……....................................................................

Intertextuality in Travel Umroh Advertisement

287 Afifah Nurul Khoirot Nasution; Anni Holila Pulungan; Eddy Setia.........................

Intertextuality on Oral Discourse in Sari Matua Batak Toba Ceremony

290 Dyan Yosephin Hutagalung; Anni Holila Pulungan; Rahmad Husein.....................

The Effect of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Peel to Creatine Kinase

Serum in Male Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Fatigue from Swimming

293 Rika Nailuvar Sinaga; Jumadin IP; Zulaini..............................................................

Analysis of Technology Utilization to Measure The Throw Distance of The Ball

on Hammer Throw

296 Riki Prastian; Agung Sunarno; Sabaruddin Yunis Bangun.......................................

The Interactions of Social Stratification and Karonese Register in Giving Pedah

Pedah Perjabun

300 Elkana Putra Tarigan; Amrin Saragih; Siti Aisyah Ginting.....................................

Implementation Management Training Volleyball Club of Pertamina Year 2017

305 Reza Wibowo; Sanusi Hasibuan; Budi Valianto.......................................................

Lexical Metaphor in Printed Car Advertisements

308 Misdiana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Amrin Saragih..........................................................

Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension Ability In Descriptive Text

Through Flashcard

309 Aisya Hartati..............................................................................................................

The Role of Teacher’s Training Model and Technological Approach to the

Improvement of Teachers’ Professionalis

312 Intan Sufiah Batubara................................................................................................

The Difficulties of Students at the Second Year of St.Thomas 3 Senior High

School Medan in Translating English Idioms into Indonesian

315 Fitri Susi Sinurat........................................................................................................

The Effect Of Applying The Great Wind Blows Strategy On The Students’

Vocabulary Mastery

321 Gisca Irdayana Lubis.................................................................................................

Attitude of Examiners in Thesis Convocation

325 Mara Sutan Siregar...................................................................................................

Politeness Strategies in Mandailing Wedding Ceremony

329 Nurun Nazipah Harahap; Fatma Raudah Siregar....................................................


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Ideational Grammatical Metahpor in Reading Texts

for Senior High School English Textbooks

Diemam Ferzhawana

English Applied Linguistics

Postgraduate School

Universitas Negeri Medan

Medan, Indonesia

[email protected]

Siti Aisyah Ginting


Postgraduate School


Medan, Indonesia

Zainuddin


Postgraduate School


Medan, Indonesia

Abstrct−This study investigated ideational grammatical

metaphor in the English textbooks of Senior High School. The

objectives of the study were to identify what elements of

ideational grammatical metaphor were used in Senior High

School English textbooks, to describe the way those ideational

grammatical metaphor were used, and to explain the reason why

the English textbooks of Senior High School used those ideational

grammatical metaphors. The research was conducted by applying

descriptive qualitative design. The data for this study were texts

taken from an English textbook for Senior High School. The data

were collected by selecting the texts based on the genre, then

retyping the passage of the text, editing the passage by breaking

down the clauses into data, and printing out the data. The

findings of the study showed that there were four elements of

ideational grammatical metaphors used in the English textbooks,

namely the realization of epithet = thing, event = thing, event =

epithet, and head = modifier. It was found that the reason why the

English textbooks used the grammatical metaphors was in order

to make the information compact or denser which directs the

students to a scientific writing model mostly applied in their

higher educational level.

Keywords: ideational grammatical metaphor, English textbooks,

Senior High School

I. INTRODUCTION

Ideational grammatical metaphor was one of linguistic

phenomenon that cannot be separated from human life.

Grammatical metaphor was used by people in daily

communication; written or orally. It could be found in a novel,

economic or historical text, students’ textbook, speech, lyric,

poem, etc. Ideational grammatical metaphor is needed to help

people to understand how a text creates meaning and all

meaningsare situated in context of situation. Since language is

the system of semantic structure that covers the entire system

of meaning of words, grammar and vocabulary, the relation

between meaning and wordisnot an arbitrary one, the form of

grammar related natural to the meaning which is being coded.

Halliday (1985: xvii)[2]., states that language is a system for

making meaning; a semantic system with other systems for

encoding the meaning it produces. In educational sector,

language can be used to develop not only student’s intelligence

but also their social and emotional capabilities. It helpsstudents

express their ideas or emotion while communicating in society.

In this level, the students are able to use language to fulfill

daily information needs by reading newspaper or textbook,

understanding signs, warnings, etc. A study about grammatical

metaphor had been conducted by Amin (2010). This research

focused on grammatical metaphor coding in senior high school

English textbook. The researcher identified the types of

grammatical metaphor used and described the way

grammatical metaphor used in English textbook of Senior High

School. The previous research above took place in different

fields, but all of them were still relevant with this study about

Systemic Functional Linguistic especially grammatical

metaphor.

This paper attemped to investigate the elements of

experiential grammatical metaphors used in different English

textbooks of the Senior High School, to describe realizations of

experiential grammatical metaphors used in different English

textbooks and to explain the reasons for the use of experiential

grammatical metaphors in different English textbooks.

II. THEORETICAL REVIEW

Ideational metaphor is an congruent representation of the

experiential meaning. It is called as metaphor of transitivity.

The grammatical variation between congruent and incongruent

forms here applies to transitivity configurations. In discourse,

mailto:[email protected]


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both spoken and written people tend to operate somewhere in

between these two parts, something which is totally congruent

and incongruent. Each nominalized or metaphorical wording in

the metaphorical domain has its incongruent wording in the

congruent domain. Halliday (2006:40)[4].

discussed further the

way how grammatical metaphor codes meaning incongruently.

Firstly, the writer would like to distinguish that the congruent

and incongruent mode of grammar are really different. In table

1 congruent coding is presented.

TABLE 1. Congruent Coding of Grammar

MEANIN

G

FUNCTIO

N

GRAMMA

TICAL

CLASS

EXAMPLES

Thing Participant Noun The man is

writing a letter.

Action Process Verb The baby cries

Quality Attribute Adjective

Relation Parataxis-

hypotaxis

Conjunction The boy is

clever

Location,

Manner

Circumstan

ce

Adverb The meeting

was cancelled

because the

manager is sick

Comment,

Judgemen

t

Modality Modality The child walks

carefully on the

floor

Position Preposition Preposition She is in the

office

(Halliday, 2006:41)

Table 2 shows an account of ideational grammatical

metaphor is applied to show how ideational grammatical

metaphor is used deals with its clausses and functions

TABLE 2. Ideational Grammatical Metaphor Coding

N

O

SEMANTI

C

ELEMEN

T

GRAMMATI

CAL

CLASSOF

METAPHOR

GRAMM

ATICAL

FUNCTIO

N OF

METAPH

OR

EXAMP

LES

1. Quality → entity

Adjective → noun

Epithet → thing

Unstable

=

instabilit

y

2. Process → entity

Verb → noun Event → thing

Transfor

m =

transfor

mation

3. Circumsta

nce → entity

Preposition → noun

Minor

process =

thing

To =

destinati

on, with

=

accompa

niment

4. Relator

→entity

Conjunction

→ noun

Conjunctiv

e = thing

So =

cause, if

=

condition

5. Process → quality

Verb → adjective

Event =

epithet

Used to

=

previous,

begin =

initial

6. Circumsta

nce → quality

Adverb/prepos

ition phrase → adjective

Manner =

epithet

For a

long time

= lengthy

7. Relator → quality

Conjunction

→ adjective

Conjunctio

n = epithet

Then =

subseque

nt; so =

resulting

8. Circumsta

nce → process

Be / go =

preposition → verb

Minor

process =

process

Be

instead

of =

replace;

be about

=

concern

9. Relator → process

Conjunction

→ verb

Conjunctiv

e = minor

process

Then =

follow;

and =

complem

ent

10

.

Relator → circumstan

ce

Conjunction

→ preposition/

prepositional

group

Conjunctiv

e = minor

process

When =

in times

of; if =

under

condition

of

11

a

[zero] → entiy

[zero] → noun

Head =

modifier

= the

phenome

non of

.....

12

a

[zero] → process

[zero] → verb = .......

occurs

13

a

Entity → [expansion

]

Noun The

governm

ent

[decided]

= the

governm

ent’s

[decision

]

(Halliday, 2006:42)

Table 3 presents the general drift of ideational grammatical

metaphor where (1) realizes status, and (2) codes rank.

Grammatical metaphor can be applied by using

nominalizing. Nominalizing is the single most powerful

resource for creating grammatical metaphor (Halliday,


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1994:352)[3].

. By this device, processes and properties are

reworded metaphorically as nouns; instead of functioning the

clause, as process or attribute, they function as thing in the

nominal group. The characteristics of nominalization:

a. Nominalization makes action or processes (verbs)

become concepts (nouns).

b. With nominalization, a single sentence packs inn

several complex abstract ideas.

c. Nominalization reduces the number of clauses and

more information is able to compress into each

nominal (noun) group.

d. When verbs are nominalized they become concepts

rather than actions, as a result, the writer is able to

increase the amount and density of information to

make further comment or observation about the

concept in the sentence.

e. Nominalization enables an academic writer to

concisely refer to recurring abstract ideas.

The realization of the context of situation of a given

language is based on the metafunctional spectrum: field is

realized by the ideational metafunction, tenor by the

interpersonal metafunction, and mode by the textual

metafunction (Halliday 1977, 1978; Halliday & Hasan 1985;

Martin 1992).

III. METHODOLOGY

The research was conducted by using qualitative

descriptive design proposed by Bogdan and Biklen (2006:

5)[1].

. The data of this study were the words or clauses

containing ideational grammatical metaphor coding found

from the clauses analyzed. The sources of the data were from

the reading texts of narrative text, discussion text, and review

text in the XII Grade of different authors of Senior High

School English Textbooks but same publisher. Both of them

were published by Erlangga, the first author’s title book was

‘Look Ahead’ the second author’s title book was ‘English

Zone’. The data were analyzed by using interactive model

proposed by Miles and Huberman (2014)[5].

with three phases

of data analysis. The phases are data reduction, data display

and conclusion drawing or verification.

IV. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

The data showed that there were four elements of ideational

grammatical metaphor. Where there were 178 data groups of

ideational grammatical metaphor coding occured in English

Textbooks of Senior High School. The total occurence of data

of epithet = thing (16), data of event = thing (84), data of event

= epithet (6) and data of head = modifier (72).

Based on the result of the analysis, The way grammatical

metaphor used in the English Textbook of Senior High School

as follows.

a. Relocation of Epithet = Thing

The data could be seen below.

The castle had a hug door and Jack pushed with all his

strength to open it ( Text 6, Page 32, Paragraph 6, Line 4)

Look Ahead

The data 1 which was presented in metaphorical form was

unpacked into the congruent one as the following.

The caste had a hug door and Jack is a strong man, he

pushed to open it.

The two clauses were compared to investigate the way

ideational grammatical metaphor used in English Textbooks.

Then, it was found that the adjective strong which had

function as epithet replaced by noun strength as thing,

however, the metaphorical replacement did not change the

meaning of the sentence.

b. Relocation of Event = Thing


There once lived a chief’s daughter who had many

admirers (Text 1, Page 12, Paragraph 2, Line 3) Look Ahead

The data which was in the metaphorical form was reworded

into congruent one as follows.

There once lived a chief’s daughter, many people admire

her.

These two clauses are compared to see how ideational

grammatical metaphor used in the text. It was concluded that

the noun admirer which function as a thing can be changed

into a congruent mode by using the verb admire which

function as event. However, the meanings of the sentences

were still similiar.

c. Relocation of Event = Epithet


The following story will be special for each of you who

want to know the real meaning of love (Text 1, page 12,

Paragraph 1, Line 1) Look Ahead

Data 1 which was in metaphorical form was unpacked into

congruent one as the following.

The story which is followed in the next will be special for

each of you who want to know the real meaning of love.

These two clauses were compared to investigate the way

how ideational grammatical metaphor worked in an English

textbooks. Then it was that the word followed which

functioned as event was metaphorically replaced by the

adjective following functioned as epithet. However, this

replacement did not change the meaning of both sentences.

d. Relocation of head = modifier


- Look Ahead English Book

1) The real meaning of love (Text 1, Page 12, Paragraph 1,

Line 4)

Ideational grammatical metaphor was found in the

expression The real meaning of love which described a


eISSN: 2548-4613

46

similarity between meaning functioned as head and love as its

modifier.

- English Zone English Book

1) The smell of the meat (Text 2, page 38, Paragraph 1,

Line 2)

Ideational grammatical metaphor which indicated the

realization of head = modifier was found in data 3 where smell

functioned as head and it was identical with its modifier, meat.

As the conclusion there were four elements ideational

grammatical metaphors used in English textbook of Senior

High School.The way ideational grammatical used in English

Textbook of Senior High School was replacing grammatical

function of metaphor of 1) realization of epithet = thing, 2)

realization of event = thing, 3) realization of event = epithet, 4)

realization of head = modifier.The reason why English

textbook of Senior High School used ideational grammatical

metaphor was in order to make the information contsained on

it more compact or denser, also to give readers a picture about

what was being discussed on the textbook.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The writer would like to express respectfulness to Dr. Siti

Aisyah Ginting, M.Pd and Prof. Zainuddin, M.Hum as her

thesis advisor for guiding her to accomplish her thesis and for

giving useful knowledge and suggestions

REFERENCES

[1] Bogdan, R.C. & Biklen, K.S.2006. Qualitative Research in Education,

Boston: Allyn & Bacon

[2] Halliday, M.A.K. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar.

London: Edward Arnold.

[3] Halliday, M.A.K. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar.

London: Edward Arnold.

[4] Halliday, M. A. K. and C.M.I.M. Matthissen. 2006. An Introduction to

Functional Grammar. London: Arnold. [5] Miles, M. B, Huberman, A.M, & Saldana, J.2014. Qualitative Data

Analysis: An Expended Sourcebook 3rd Edition. California:SAGE

PROCEEDINGS AISTEEL 2018aisteel2018.unimed.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/43-46.pdf · Desi Purnama Sari; Siti Aisyah Ginting ... Irwan Panggabean; R. Mursid; Samsidar Tanjung ...

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