PROCEEDING I SB N : 971-9 79-19 11·15·9 International Seminar on Tropical Natural Resources 2015 "Toward Sustainable Utilization of the Tropical Natural Resources for a Better Human Prosperities" Reviewer: Pror. l m1 Phaik Ecrn Dr. Oni ) ulaart i Dr. Ran\ 1r Sangh l'roj. Dr. Gannon · Pro f. Tauf'ik Fau:ti Prof. I Kon1ang Darnar .J a} '-' Prof. Su r} a J lad i Dr. Dah la nuddin Bflmb,mg Tlari Ph. D . \luh ikrnat ullah, Ph.D Editor : drh. Madr Sriasih, Ph.D Dr. I lamul Had i Dr. F<:1turrahn1an lhsan, M. Sc University of Mataram Indonesia june 10·13, 2015 Mataram University Press
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PROCEEDING ISBN : 971-979-1911·15·9
International Seminar on Tropical Natural Resources 2015 "Toward Sustainable Utilization of the Tropical Natural Resources
for a Better Human Prosperities"
Reviewer: \~~o< . Pror. l m1 Phaik Ecrn Dr. Oni ) ulaart i Dr. Ran\ 1r Sangh l'roj. Dr. Jenne~ Gannon · Prof. Tauf'ik Fau:t i Prof. I Kon1ang Darnar .Ja} '-' Prof. Sur} a J lad i Dr. Dahlanuddin Bflmb,mg Tlari Ku~u1no, Ph.D . \luh ikrnat ullah, Ph.D
Editor : drh. Madr Sriasih, Ph.D Dr. I lamul Had i Dr. F<:1turrahn1an ~luhsinul lhsan, M.Sc
University of Mataram Indonesia
june 10·13, 2015
Mataram University Press
..
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OPENING SPEECH- RECTOR UNIVERSITY OF MATARAM
International Seminar on the Tropical Natural Resources 2015
Respected Guests,
Keynote speakers,
Seminar participants,
and all other participants.
On Behalf of all staffs ofthe University ofMataram, I welcome you all to Lombok, a
beautiful island in West Nusa Tenggara Province, where the University of Mataram
is located. Lombok is known for its natural and cultural diversity where you can
enjoy traditional cuisines, beaches, waterfalls, mountain, traditional villages and
handicraft of many ethnics including Sasak, Samawa, Mbojo, Balinese, Chinese,
Arabic, and many others.
As the Rector of the UntYersity of Mataram, it is a great honour for me to address the
opening of ·'the International Seminar on the Tropical Natural Resources" here at the
University of Mataram, which wi ll be held from lOth to l3th June 2015, with a theme
"toward sustainable utilization of the tropical natural resources for better human
prosperity". The main aim of this seminar is to gather scientist from all over the
world to share their ideas, knowledge and experien9es and to build network for
possible future collaboration.
As we are aware that sharing knowledge and expenences from speakers are
extremely valuable in a seminar, therefore I would like to express my high
appreciation, first, to the keynote speakers from overseas (USA, Australia, New
Zealand, China, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines) and from Indonesia for their
willingness to come to Lombok to share their acknowledged works. Your effort and
contribution to this seminar are absolutely valuable. Second, my high appreciation
also goes to the national speakers and all other participants, including the speakers
from University ofMataram and local universities in West Nusa Tenggar Province,
ii
your participation in this seminar not only will give incredible share of ideas, skills
and knowledge that you have, but also will improve the academic environment that
we are developing in this university. I hope this seminar will be a good forum, not
only for communicating and sharing ideas, knowledge and experiences, but also for
building networking for future collaboration
I would also like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to the sponsors
(Bank Mandiri, Bank BNI, Bank BRI, Bank BTN, Bank Bukopin), which have given
some contribution to this seminar. Last but not least, I would like to thank the
steering and organizing committee as well as all other supporters and participants,
without their effort, commitment and hard work, this seminar will not run well.
Finally, I wish you most successful seminar, enjoy Lombok Island and hope to see
you again in other forum here at the University of Mataram.
Prof. Ir. Sunarpi, Ph.D
Rector of the University ofMataram
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover
Opening Speech -
I
Table of Contents .. . Ill
Kamaruddin A., Aep Saepul Uyun, Jombrik, Slamet Rahedi Sugeng and I
Ima Jaya diningrat
Muhamad Ali, Sulaiman N. Depamede, Bagus DH Septyono, Alis 9
Mukhlis, Sahrul Alim, Muhamad Amjn, and Mohammad Ashari
Suseno Amien, Arum Dani Atmojo, Neni Rostini, and Tia Setiawati 21
Lalu Panji Imam Agamawan, Kadarwan Soewarru, and Nurlisa A. Butet 30
Ansar, Satrijo Saloko, St. Rohani, and Nazaruddin 38
TGP. Muliarta Aryana, BB. Santoso, M. Zairin, N. Farid, NT. Ramdani 46
Luh Gde Sri Astiti , Lisa Praharani dan Rjasari Gail S. 58
Wahyu Irawati, Adolf JN. Parhusip, and R. Nida Sopiah 249
Laswi Irrnayanti, Iskandar Z.Siregar, Prijanto Pamoengkas 261
Lalu Jamiludinand Lukman Atmaja 269
Baiq Dewi Krisnayanti, Sukartono, Ardiana Ekawanti, Christopher 281
Anderson,
Rina Kumianingsih, Sri Suyatni,·Faturrahman 289
D\.vi Liliek Kusindarta, Dewi Kania Musana, Hery Wijayanto, Surya 297
Agus Prihatna, AETH Wahyuni_ Widagdo Sn Nugroho. Heru Susetya,
Yuda Heru Fibrianto
IGM. Kusnarta, Sukartono, M. Ma'shum, and Mahrup 304
B. H. Kusumo, M.J. Hedley, M. Camps Arbestain, C. B. Hedley , 316
R. Calvelo Pereira , P. Bishop and A.F. Mahmud
Martha E. Siahaya , Messalina L. Salampessy, lndra G. Febryano, 342
EmaRositah, Rato F. Silamon, Andi C. Ichsan
Sri Mulyani, Ambo Tuwo, Rajuddin Syamsuddin, and Jamaluddin Jompa 352
Tri Mulyaningsih, Djoko Marsono, Sumardi and Isamu Yamada 361
Murniati, Surya Hadi, Dini Hendriwati 383
Nalle, Catoo~ie Lusje, Marlin R. K Yowi and Asri A. Widu 394
Tri Wahyu Pangestiningsih, Trini Susmiati, Hery Wijayanto 407
Sari Novida, Sri Puji Astuti 413
IGM Arya Parwata and Bambang Budi Santoso 420
BamhanQ" J Priatmadi. Akhmad R. Saidv. Meldia Se tiana p 4~7
User 1
Highlight
v
Seto Priyambodo, E.Hagni Wardoyo 437
Emi Roslinda, Wiwik Ekyastuti, Siti M Kartikawati 452
Rustam 461
Rustam 469 ---- ---- --
Rahmat Sabani and Amuddin 477
Akhmad. R. Saidy, Afiah Hayati, Meldia Septiana 488
Dewi Nur'aeni Setyowati 512
Hasyyati Shabrina, Ulfah J. Siregar 520
I Made Sudarma 528
I Made Sudantha dan Suwardji 541
Febi Wahyu Sulistyadi, Bagyo Yanuwiadi and Marsoedi 552
Surya Hadi , Lalu lrfan Hadimi, Siti Raudhatul Kamali, Baiq Desy 559
Ratnasari, and Surayyal Hizmi
Liana Suryaningsih and John K. Fellman 568
Lolita E Susilowati,Zaenal Arifin and Bambang Hari Kusumo 582
Muhammad Zaenudin, Zaenal Abidin, Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono 597
Zainun , Abbas Zaini , Wiharyani Werdiningsih, Taslim Sjah dan Hadijah 605
,,
427
Changes in Rice Production in Acidic Tropical Soils as Influenced by Fly-ash Application
Bambang J. Priatmadiu, Akhmad R. Saidl, Meldia Septianau
1 Department of Soi l, Fa<.:ulty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat Un1vers1ty, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia. Phone: +62 511 4777540, fax : +62 511 4772254.
Fly-ash (FA) is largely alkaline in nature and contains many essential elements for plant growth along with toxic metals. Therefore, fly-ash is potential to be applied as soil ameliorate that may improve soil properties and plant growth. In this experiment we studied the changes in chemical properties and rice production of acid sulphate soils amended with fly ash. Six different amounts ofF A, viz. 0 ( 100% soil), 5, 10, 20, 40 and 75 tones FA ha·' were added homogenously to 6 kg of soi ls in pots of PVC and then chemical properties of acid sulphate soils were observed after a 3-week of incubation. After the observation of soi l properties, rice was planted onto the pots. Results of study showed that fly-ash application improved soi l pH and exchangeable Ca. However, the availability of nitrogen of acid sulphate soils decreased significantly with fly-ash application. The experiment a lso showed that fl y-ash application to soil s improved rice growth (height plant, number of tille rs. dried-weight root and dried-\\'eight shoot) and rice production. Application 20 tones FA ha-1 resulted in higher rice production than the application 0, 5 and 10 tones FA ha-1, and jncreasing subsequent the amount of FA application did not significantly increase the rice production. Results of this study demonstrate that low-level fly-ash application resulted in the improvements of soil chemical properties and rice production.
Keywords: fly-ash application; soil ameliorant; heavy metals; sub-optimal low land
1. Introduction
Main problem in rice cultivation in acid sulphate soils is low productivity.
Data from the Department of Agriculture, South Kalimantan (2007) showed that rice
production in acid sulphate soils ranged from 3.14 to 4.30 tonnes per hectare. One of
the factors limiting the growth of rice in acid sulphate soils is low soil pH. The
observations in the province of South Kalimantan showed that the pH (H20 ) of the
acid sulphate soils ranged between 3.96 and 4.88 (Saidy et al., 2005). Low soi l pH
results in low availability of soil phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium and
sodrum (Bohn et al., 2001 ), and this condition eventually result in unhealthy plant
growth. Improvements soil properties can be done by adding ameliorant material into
428
the soil to increase soil pH and simultaneously improve the content of some nutrients
such as Na, Ca, K and Mg.
Fl y ash ( r-A), a coal combustion residue, is an amorphous terroalumino sil icate" ith
a matrix very similar to soil. Elemental composition ofF A (both nutrient and toxic
elements) varies due to types and sources of used coal (Comberato et al. , 1997).
Addition of FA to soil may improve the physico-chemical properties as well as
nutritional quality of the soil and the extent of change depends on soil and FA
properties. In view of the high cost of disposal and environmental management,
utilization of FA in agricultural sector could be a viable option. Its use in agriculture
was initially due to its liming potential and the presence of essential nutrients, which
promoted plant growth and also alleviated the nutrient deficiency in soils (Mittra et
al., 2005).
The disposal of fly-ash (FA) from coal-fired power stations causes significant
economic and environmental problems. Dumped FA may adversely affect the
environment by mobilization or 1ts hazardous constituents and thus contaminate the
surface and ground waters, soi ls and vegetation. Fly-ash is largely alkaline in nature , and contains many essential elements like Si , S, B, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and P.
Therefore, FA may be applied to soils as soi l amendment to improve soil properties
and thereby enhance plant growth and productivity. However, there is a lack of
evidence the use of fly-ash as soi I amendment. In this study, we examined the effect
of fly-ash application on changes in chemical properties and rice production on acid
sulphate soils.
2. Methodology
Fly-ash used for the experiment was collected from the Asam-asam Steam
Power Plant, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia while soils for mixing with FA
were obtained from the Desa Tinggirian II Luar, Kecamatan Tamban, Kabupaten
Barito Kuala, South Kalimantan. Selected properties of acid sulphate ~oils used for
this study are presented in Table 1.
429
Six amendments ofF A, viz. 0 (100% soil), 5, 10, 20, 40 and 75 tones FA ha-1
were added homogenously to 6 kg of soils in pots of PVC and then incubated for 3
weeks. After 3 weeks soils in pots were sub-sampled and analyzed for pH,
exchangeable bases (Na, K, Ca dan Mg), mineral nitrogen, and available P. The
usual farm practice of transplantation of 20-30 days old seedlings, grown m a
separate seedbed, was done at three seedlings per pot. Rice plants were kept in
natural conditions and irrigated with tap water to maintain water-logged conditions
avoiding leakage of water from pots. All the growth and yield attributing characters
were studied after the harvesting period of 120 days. Plant height (em) was measured
by a metric scale and number of tillers was counted manually. After this, plant parts
were partitioned into roots, leaves, straw and grains and then were washed with
Figure 4. Effect of fly-ash application on root dry weight (left) and stem dry weight (right).
The vertical bars represent standard deviation (n=3). Similar letters above
columns indicate no statistical difference between the treatments based on the
LSD test at P <0.05_
Rice production also increased by fly-ash application_ Grain dry weight of
rice without tly-ash applicatiOn IS 3.5 grams of pof ', increased more than 200%
( 11 .4 g pof1) with 5 tonnes ha-1 of t1y-ash application. When the amount of fly-ash
434
application increased to 20 tonncs ha·', grain dry weight increased by 280% ( 13.4 g
pof 1) . Moreover, there is an increase by 300% in the grain dry-weight ( 14.5 g pot- I)
with 75 tonnes ha·' of tly-ash appl ication (Figure 5).
Increases in the growth and production of rice were attributed to increasing the
amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by rice. Nitrogen uptake by
ri ce in the treatment of without fly-ash application was 84.39 mg N pof 1, increased
by I 6-38% with 5-75 tonnes ha·' of fly-ash application. Phosphorus and potassium
uptake by rice increased by 6-70% and 17-128%, respectively, with the similar
amount of fly-ash application (data not shown).
20
- 16 0 a. ~ 12
cd d d
b be
c 0
u 8 ~
"0 0 a .... a. 4 <lJ u
cr:: 0
0 5 10 20 40 75
Fly-ash application (tonnes ha·1)
Figure 5. Effect of fly-ash application on rice production. The vertical bars represent
standard deviation (n=3). Similar letters above columns indicate no statistical
difference between the treatments based on the LSD test at P <0.05.
Increase in nutnent uptake followed by increase in the growth and production
of rice may due to changes in the characteristics of the soil with the application of
fly-ash. The addition of fly-ash to soils accelerate the process of mineralization of
organic matter (Khan and Khan, 1996), thus increasing the availability of njtrogen.
Lee et al. (2007) in the study of changes in the availability of P in soils with 120
tonnes ha·' of fly-ash application in South Korea reported that the increase in Pin the
<:.0 ilc rlue" to the incre~se in the pH of the soil, incre::tsing the amount of silicate ::md
the additional P from coal ash. In this study, we also observed increases in soil pH
... -
...
435
from 4.43 at the treatment without fly-ash application to pH 5.22-5.41 with the fly
ash application. Study conducted by Swain et al. (2007) also showed that the fly-ash
application increases the uptake ofN, P a:nd K by 106-149% .
-t. Conclusion and Implication
Observations on soil chemical properties after fly-ash application showed that
the addition of the fly-ash can increase the soi l pH, in which increased the amount of
fly-ash application to the soil will be followed by increases in soil pH. This result
implies that the fly-ash is potential to be used as an alternative lime for soil
improvement properties to increase biomass production. Results of the study
demonstrated that among the exchangeable cations observed, only exchangeable Ca
increased significantly with fly-ash application, indicating that fly-ash can be used as
a source of Ca for improvement of soil properties. The application of fly-ash also
increases the growth and yield of rice.
Acknowledgment
The authors acknowledged the Ministry of Education and Culture, the
Republic 9f Indonesia that was funded this study through the Competitive Grant of
Penelitian Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi 2015 .
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edition. John Willey & Sons, Inc., New York.
Clark, R. B., S. K. Zeto, K. D. Ritchey, and V. C. Baligar. 2007. Mineral acquisition by maize grown in acidic soil amended with coal combustion product. Communication in Soli Science and Plant Analysis 32, 1861- 1884.
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