Proceeding of the National Workshop on Identification Prioritization and Scaling up Gender, Nutrition & Climate Smart Agriculture Sensitive Technologies October 19 -21,2017 Adama, Ethiopia
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Proceeding of the National Workshop on Identification Prioritization and
Scaling up Gender, Nutrition & Climate Smart Agriculture Sensitive
Technologies
October 19 -21,2017
Adama, Ethiopia
1
Acronyms
AGP Agricultural Growth Program
ATA Agricultural Transformation Agency
ARARI Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute
BoANR Bureau of Agriculture and Natural Resources
BoLF Bureau of Livestock and Fishery
BW&CA Bureau of Women and Children Affairs
CASCAPE Capacity building for scaling up of evidence-based best practices in agricultural
production in Ethiopia
CDO Capacity Development Officer
CDSF Capacity Development Support Facility
CIG Common Interest Groups
DA Development Agent
CSA Climate Smart Agriculture
ENGINE Empowering New Generations to Improve Nutrition and Economic
FAGP – CU Federal Agricultural Growth Program Coordination Unit
FHH Female Headed Household
IAs Implementing Agencies
GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
GNCSA Gender, Nutrition and CSA
GTN Growth Through Nutrition
MW Married Women
MHH Male Headed Household
MoANR Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources
MoLF Ministry of Livestock and Fishery
MVHH Maternal Vulnerable Households
NDHS National Demographic Health Survey
2
NNP National Nutrition Program
NSA Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture
OFSP Orange Flesh Sweet Potato
PCU Program Coordination Unit
PIM Project Implementation Manual
QPM Quality Protein Maize
RCDO Regional Capacity Development Officer
RFTL Regional Facilitation Team Leader
SG Sasakawa Global
SMIS Small Scale and Micro Irrigation Support
SMS Subject Matter Specialist
SNNPRS Southern Nations Nationalities & People’s Regional State
WAD Women’s Affairs Directorate
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Contents
ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................5
PARTICIPANTS OF THE WORKSHOP.....................................................................................................6
WORKSHOP OPENING AND WELCOMING ADDRESSES .........................................................................6
AGP2 CDSF PRESENTATIONS ...............................................................................................................7
AGP2 CDSF CD APPROACHES, OBJECTIVES AND CONTENTS ................................................................ 7
AGP 2 CDSF BASELINE RESULT ON GSA, NSA & CSA SENSITIVE AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES ............... 8
AGP 2 CDSF GSA, NSA AND CSA APPROACHES AND CONSIDERATIONS .............................................. 9
FINDINGS, BEST PRACTICES & EXPERIENCES ON GENDER, NUTRITION AND CSA SENSITIVE
AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES..........................................................................................................9
GENDER SENSITIVE TECHNOLOGIES, THE EXPERIENCE OF MONAR- ATO YAREGAL ZELALEM, WAD- MOANR 9
NUTRITION SENSITIVE TECHNOLOGIES-EXPERIENCES OF MOANR - ATO TAMENE TAYE, NUTRITION CASE
TEAM, MOANR ......................................................................................................................... 10
GENDER, NUTRITION AND CSA EXTENSION COMMUNICATION UNDER MONAR – WRO. GORFE TESEMA,
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION COMMUNICATION, MOANR ................................................................... 10
EXPERIENCES OF AGP 1 & 2 ON GSA TECHNOLOGIES - WRT. TSEHAYNESH KIDNAE, GENDER AND NUTRITION
SPECIALIST, NATIONAL AGP-CU, MOANR ..................................................................................... 11
EXPERIENCES OF AGP 1 & 2 ON CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE – ATO SHAREW ANTENEH ENVIRONMENT
AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDED SPECIALIST, NATIONAL AGP-CU, MOANR ................................................ 11
OUTCOME OF CDSF REGIONAL GSA, NSA AND CSA TECHNOLOGIES WORKSHOPS .............................. 12
OROMIA REGION WORKSHOP– WRO ETALEMAHU DEMISSIE, AGP2 CDSF OROMIA RCDO .................... 12
AMHARA REGION WORKSHOP– ATO. GASHAWTENA BELAY, AGP2 CDSF AMHARA RCDO ..................... 13
TIGRAY REGION WORKSHOP– ATO. HAILU ABAY, AGP2 CDSF TIGRAY RCDO ...................................... 13
SNNPR WORKSHOP – ATO. SEBSIBE TEKLU, AGP2 CDSF SNNPR RCDO .......................................... 14
DAY 2-OCTOBER 20, 2017 ................................................................................................................. 15
RESEARCH FINDINGS, BEST PRACTICES AND EXPERIENCES OF ORGANIZATIONS THAT SUPPORT AGRICULTURE
SECTOR ..................................................................................................................................... 15
(1) Save the Children - GTN-ENGINE Experience on Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture/livelihood
intervention, Ato Kebede Tafesse, Agriculture/Livelihood Advisor.................................................... 15
4
(2) CIMMYT-GENNOVATE - Research finding on how gender norms and agencies influence men,
women and youth to adopt innovation in agriculture and natural resources management (NRM),
Dr. Kristie Druza, Gender and Social Development Specialist ............................................................ 16
(3) CIMMYT- FARM MECHANIZATION AND CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE
INTENSIFICATION (FACASI) EXPERIENCE ON GENDER MAINSTREAMING, WRO MULUNESH TSEGAYE-GENDER
SPECIALIST ................................................................................................................................. 17
(4) GIZ EXPERIENCE ON NUTRITION SENSITIVE AGRICULTURE, MS MIHRET HAILE, DEVELOPMENT ADVISOR 18
(5) GIZ EXPERIENCE ON CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE, DR. GEORG DEICHERT, SENIOR ADVISOR/
AGRICULTURE ECONOMICS ........................................................................................................... 18
SUMMARY OF OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................... 19
DAY 3-OCTOBER 21, 2017 ................................................................................................................. 20
GENDER SENSITIVE AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES – OPERATIONAL DEFINITION FOR AGP 2 .................... 20
NUTRITION SENSITIVE AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES – OPERATIONAL DEFINITION FOR AGP 2 .................. 21
CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES - OPERATIONAL DEFINITION FOR AGP 2 ......................... 21
FINAL PRIORITY SETTING: GENDER-SENSITIVE, NUTRITION- SENSITIVE AND CSA TECHNOLOGIES ....... 22
FINAL DISCUSSIONS ......................................................................................................................... 22
CLOSING .......................................................................................................................................... 23
ANNEX I ........................................................................................................................................... 24
DETAILED RESULTS OF PAIR-WISE RANKING FOR GSA, NSA & CSA TECHNOLOGIES .................................. 24
ANNEX II - LIST OF WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS .................................................................................. 25
5
Introduction
The Second Agricultural Growth Program (AGP2) has developed a methodology related to scaling up of best practices, as described in Section 4.4.1.2 of the AGP2 Project Implementation Manual (PIM). This is a three-step approach, involving i.e. (1) identification and compilation of best practices; (2) validation and (3) implementation of the best practices. The Global Affairs Canada (GAC) funded Capacity Development Support Facility (CDSF) to AGP2 focuses primarily on the provision of support for the third step in collaboration with AGP PCUs at all level. This national workshop proceedings on identification, prioritization and scaling up of gender, nutrition and climate smart agriculture sensitive technologies and best practices intended to serve as a source document for operational definition and discussion on best practices by AGP IAs at all level.
The Program Implementation Manual (PIM) provides guidance in relation to the capacity development processes related to scaling up of best practices. These include a focus on constraints that affect sustainability issues such as attitudes, skills and behaviors, gender equality, and leadership commitments. CDSF worked with relevant agencies, as identified in the PIM, to develop a “master-list” of best practices and new technologies that complement gender-sensitive agriculture (GSA), nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA), and climate smart agriculture (CSA). The GSA, NSA and CSA list categorizes technologies and best practices related to crop and livestock production, post-harvest processing and storage, and income generation. This master list will then have informed a range of other CDSF activities and will be used in the 2011 Ethiopian Calendar (EC) work plans to develop further training materials and extension methodologies that will enable the effective dissemination and scaling-up of best practices to farmers, including both male and female farmers from female headed households (FHH) and male headed households (MHH).
During the first Agricultural Growth Program (AGP1), each regional Project Coordination Unit (PCU)
conducted research to compile a list of gender-sensitive technologies that were in use in their respective
regions. The list, however, does not provide adequate information as well as documented standard
operational definition of the technologies
CDSF, in collaboration with regional AGP Coordination Units, conducted four regional workshops on
Identification, & Prioritization of Gender, Nutrition & Climate Smart Agriculture Technologies in Amhara,
Oromia, Tigray and SNNP regional states, respectively, to identify and prioritize gender, nutrition and CSA
sensitive technologies based on the immediate needs and priorities of each region.
The four regional workshops were organized in order to pull these technologies (identified by regions) together and come up with a national list of Gender, Nutrition and CSA (GNCSA) technologies that are most relevant, accessible and impactful for improving gender, nutrition and climate smart agriculture outcomes. During the national workshops potential barriers that hinder dissemination, up-taking and promotion of these technologies were discussed and possible solutions to overcome identified barriers were suggested by the participants. Draft operational definitions for GSA, NSA and CSA technologies were presented to the plenary, discussed in small groups and summarized for these proceedings. The final operational definitions will be shared to all IAs. They will also be a part of the monitoring and evaluation system of federal and regional PCUs to measure and track the impact of technologies on reducing women’s workload, increasing production and productivity, improving household food security and reducing environmental impact.
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The national workshop had the following objectives.
a) To Draft operational definition(s) for GSA, NSA and CSA sensitive technologies and reach
consensus on operational definitions in the context of AGP2.
b) To prioritize and compile GSA, NSA and CSA technologies and best practices;
c) To identify barriers that are hindering the testing, demonstration, adoption and dissemination
of GSA, NSA and CSA sensitive technologies in AGP
d) To map out proposed solutions to the identified barriers
e) To discuss methods of scaling up of already identified and implemented GSA, NSA and CSA
technologies;
Anticipated outcomes of the workshop It is anticipated that the National workshop would have the following outcomes:
1. Prioritized list of 3-5 GSA, NSA and SCA technologies
2. Proposed solutions for testing, demonstration and adoption of technologies
3. Methodology for scaling up of identified technologies
4. Definition of GNCSA technologies
Participants of the workshop
A total of 37 (16 female) participants drawn from National
AGP Coordination Unit (CU), Ministry of Agriculture and
Natural Resources (MoANR), Ministry of Livestock and
Fishery (MoLF), Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research
(EIAR), donors and nine other national and international
partner organizations and stakeholders participated in the
workshop. (See Annex II)
Participants of the National Workshop
6
Workshop Opening and Welcoming Addresses
In his welcome address, Mr. Jim Hamilton, CDSF Project Field Manager, thanked the Federal AGP PCU for
co-organizing the national workshop with the CDSF that is funded by Global Affairs Canada. He noted that
the national workshop could not have been possible without the commitment and support of Ato Keberu
Belayneh, National AGP PCU Coordinator.
Mr. Hamilton described AGP2 objectives: to increase
agricultural productivity and commercialization of small
holder farmers; and, to contribute to minimizing
women’s work load, enhance household dietary
diversification and consumption, contribute to poverty
reduction and climate change adaptation. He said that
this national workshop represented the culmination of
four regional-level workshops which were held in
Amhara, Oromia, Tigray and Southern Nations and
Nationalities Peoples State (SNNPS) to discuss, identify
and prioritize GSA, NSA and CSA sensitive technologies
that considered the agro-ecological conditions of each region. The present workshop intended to
summarize and validate the findings of the regional workshops as well as to create opportunities for
documenting national level experiences of nutrition and climate smart agricultural technologies. He
expressed his hope that the national workshop would help to build mutual understanding among the
stakeholders on operational definitions for the cross-cutting themes, provide criteria to prioritize the
technologies, identify challenges and barriers to the dissemination of technologies, and find solutions to
overcome these challenges.
The CDSF Project Field Manager further said that CDSF project design emphasizes the value of leadership
transformation in relation to capacity development. Finally, he urged all participants to actively take part
and contribute to the success of the national workshop.
Following the welcome address, Ato Ibrahim Mohammed, National AGP PCU Technical Advisor, welcomed
the participants on behalf of Ato Keberu Belayneh, National AGP Coordinator, who sent his apologies for
being unable to attend the workshop due to other pressing commitments. Ato Ibrahim recalled that
efforts have been made to introduce technologies that enhance the participation of women and youth
through AGP1 interventions and engage them in development activities so that women and youth could
contribute to development of their country as well as improve their own prospects for better livelihood
and well-being.
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Ato Ibrahim said that AGP 2 has now clearly indicated
the need for specific interventions and has been
working on the three cross cutting issues (i.e.
Gender, Nutrition and Climate Smart Agriculture),
since project commencement. However, according
to Ato Ibrahim, there are still many issues that need
to be further clarified and elaborated. For example,
Ato Ibrahim emphasized that there is a need to agree
on the definitions of the cross cutting issues and
clarify what exactly needs to be done, and how it
should be done. There is also a need to prioritize and
validate the technologies. Ato Ibrahim said AGP2 has a responsibility to accomplish all the activities
including organizing such workshops to move the agenda forward and enhance the cross cutting issue
output which will be extremely useful for AGP2 implementation.
Ato Ibrahim thanked CDSF for organizing the workshop and participants for taking part in what he
described as a very important workshop.
Introduction of workshop Participants
Participants were paired off and each pair introduced him/her self to the other person. Then, the pairs
individually introduced their companion to the plenary.
AGP2 CDSF Presentations Following the introduction of the program and the participants, three CDSF staff made presentations to
provide background information and input to the workshop participants.
The presentations are summarized as follows.
AGP2 CDSF CD Approaches, Objectives and Contents Summary of presentation
CDSF National Capacity Development Specialist, Ato Tadele Akalu, explained CDSF objectives and
approach to adult learning through application of a four-stage holistic and systematic human capacity
development model as well as the components of each stage. He described the four stages as being:
consensus building, capacity strengthening, capacity application and institutionalization.
8
AGP 2 CDSF Baseline Result on GSA, NSA & CSA Sensitive Agricultural Technologies Summary of presentation Ato Temesgen Workayehu, CDSF National Senior M&E Specialist made a presentation on findings of a
baseline assessment conducted by CDSF in March 2017. Among other things, the baseline assessment
examined competency issues related to knowledge and skills on GSA, NSA and CSA sensitive. The
presentation highlighted the methodology and the results of the baseline assessment. The baseline
assessment identified the following salient issues including, report, both regional and woreda level
experts have limited knowledge of criteria for identifying gender sensitive agriculture (GSA) technologies
is not clear to experts, and, technologies are not seen through a gender lens. The assessment also
revealed that experts at all levels have been given little or no training that could have helped them to
identify and promote GSA.
Regarding nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) technologies, the assessment found that, among other
gaps, there is little awareness about which NSA technologies to promote among woreda experts and
use/application of these technologies is low. Farmers do not adopt NSA technologies and there is limited
leadership support for these technologies. Moreover, there is low level awareness of the Second National
Nutrition Plan (NNP2) and MoANR strategy in this regard.
The results show that there is still limited practice of identifying, testing, demonstrating and disseminating
and scaling up of gender-sensitive technologies. It was apparent that there is no clarity around criteria for
identifying gender-sensitive technologies. Overall, new technologies are judged or promoted principally
in relation to their potential to increase productivity and commercialization, and not on whether they
increase or decrease the burden on women. While use of gender-sensitive technologies could have
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
GST identification & awareness
Identification & documentation NSA technologies
NSA Adoption
Gender and Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture Technologies Identification and Adoption Skill at Regional and Woreda level,
March 2017
All Regions Average All Woredas Average
9
significant impact in terms of saving the time and labor for women farmers, the baseline is showing that
such priority is not adequately considered.
The practice of identifying and promoting NSA technologies is low at all levels. This finding may be
attributed to the limited direction provided by regional and woreda leaders and experts, and similar to
the case of gender-sensitive technologies, to the general bias towards promoting more “productive” crops
for income generation.
AGP 2 CDSF GSA, NSA and CSA Approaches and Considerations Summary of presentation Wro. Meskerem Mulatu, CDSF National Gender and Nutrition Specialist, explained the CDSF approach to
GSA, NSA & CSA. She described how CDSF mainstreams gender and nutrition internally and externally.
Wro Meskerem further explained the conceptual framework for enhancing gender and social equity into
nutrition and CSA.
In her presentation, Wro. Meskerem highlighted the status in addressing under-nutrition challenges. In
this connection, she cited National Demographic Health Survey 2016 (NDHS, 2016) finding that stunting,
underweight and wasting prevalence is higher among children in rural areas than those in urban areas.
The CDSF National Gender and Nutrition Specialist reminded participants that NNP2, MoANR- NSA
strategy calls for greater national priority for nutrition-specific and sensitive program integration,
enhanced inter-sectoral coordination and participation of community, private national and international
collaboration to end malnutrition by 2030.
Findings, Best Practices & Experiences on Gender, Nutrition and CSA Sensitive
Agricultural Technologies
Gender Sensitive Technologies, the experience of MoNAR- Ato Yaregal Zelalem, WAD- MoANR Summary of presentation
Ato Yaregal Zelalem from the Women’s Affairs
Directorate (WAD) of the MoANR defined and
explained the importance of women friendly
technologies. He listed GSA technologies
generated by stakeholders and described the
current status of gender mainstreaming in the
agricultural sector including, opportunities and
challenges.
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Nutrition Sensitive Technologies-Experiences of MoANR - Ato Tamene Taye, Nutrition Case
Team, MoANR
Summary of presentation Ato Tamene from the Nutrition Case Team at MoANR highlighted the benefit of supporting nutrition with
technologies. He emphasized that support for nutrition-sensitive technologies results in improved
productivity, improved food security, reduced post-harvest storage losses, improved labour and time
efficiencies. He listed some of the NSA technologies with potential nutritional impact including, post-
harvest technologies, food preservation and value addition technologies and time and labour-saving
technologies. Ato Tamane also listed technologies that should be considered for scale-up as post-harvest
management, bio-fortification, and preservation and time/labour-saving technologies and proposed
solutions for improved utilization of technologies for nutrition. Proposed solutions include: needs
identification, technology innovation, technology dissemination and use, user appropriate trainings and
private sector linkages.
Gender, Nutrition and CSA Extension Communication under MoNAR – Wro. Gorfe Tesema,
Agricultural Extension Communication, MoANR Summary of presentation
Wro Gorfe Tesema from Agricultural Extension
Communication section of MoANR explained in detail
the following issues: Principles and values inherent in
supporting technology dissemination, (inclusiveness,
making sure that the research is demand driven, trust
for indigenous knowledge and capacity building of
farmers); process of dissemination from generation to
scaling up, special attention that should be given in
technology generation and dissemination, and eight
barriers to technology dissemination/adoption.
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Experiences of AGP 1 & 2 on GSA Technologies - Wrt. Tsehaynesh Kidnae, Gender and Nutrition
Specialist, National AGP-CU, MoANR
Summary of presentation
Wrt. Tsehaynesh Kidnae, gender expert at the
National AGP- PCU, explained the objective,
components and design approaches of AGP 2. She
presented draft operational definitions of gender
and nutrition sensitive technologies. During AGP1
implementation a regional assessment on available
women-friendly technologies were conducted and
she presented the list and pictorial representation
of technologies based on the report of the
assessment. Most of the assessed technologies are
introduced through FTCs and CIGs groups, and some
of those technologies are utilizing by some farmers.
Wrt. Tsehaynesh described the strategy to mainstream gender and youth issues. She also listed challenges
that were faced and proposed possible ways of tackling these challenges.
Experiences of AGP 1 & 2 on Climate Smart Agriculture – Ato Sharew Anteneh Environment
and Social Safeguarded Specialist, National AGP-CU, MoANR Summary of presentation
In his presentation, Ato Sharew Anteneh, National AGP-
CU Environment Specialist explained the operational
definitions of CSA, the types of CSA technologies that are
identified, tested and disseminated; proposed
approaches to scaling up the identified CSA technologies
in AGP2, and potential barriers to scaling up the
identified CSA technologies and proposed solutions.
Ato Sharew described the commonly accepted definition
as “…agriculture that sustainably increases productivity,
enhances resilience (adaptation), reduces/removes
greenhouse gas (GSG [(Mitigation]) where possible, and
enhances achievement of national food security and
development goals.”
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Ato Sharew further said to build resilient agriculture, the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) through its
Climate Resilient Green Growth (CRGE) strategy had identified 41 promising technology options across
different sectors, including agriculture, extractive industries, industry, etc. He went on to identify CSA
technologies in the livestock and crop sectors as well as listing proposed approaches to scaling up CSA
technologies for AGP2. Proposed approaches include: capacity building in implementing sectors at all
levels, increasing crop productivity, increasing livestock productivity through CSA, and improving
resilience capacity of farming households to shocks and stresses. The presentation also highlighted
barriers as well as opportunities to scaling up CSA technologies.
Outcome of CDSF Regional GSA, NSA and CSA Technologies Workshops In the afternoon session, CDSF Regional Capacity Development Officers (RCDO) from four regional offices,
namely Oromia, Amhara, Tigray and SNNPS presented the outcomes of the regional workshops organized
to identify, prioritize and promote GSA, NSA, and CSA sensitive technologies. The presentations are
summarized below.
Oromia Region Workshop– Wro Etalemahu Demissie, AGP2 CDSF Oromia RCDO
The Oromia AGP2 Program Coordination Unit (PCU), in collaboration with Oromia CDSF, organized a
regional workshop in Bishoftu town from 16-17th of January 2017. Purpose of the workshop was to
discuss possibilities of scaling up the technologies. Participants at the workshop included representatives
from Oromia Region AGP2 PCU staff members, AGP2 implementing agencies, NGOs and other partners
including private agricultural technology producers like Selam Vocational and Technical School and Amio
Engineering. A total of 30 participants (11 female) attended the workshop.
The following table shows GSA, NSA and CSA technologies identified and prioritized in Oromia Region
ranked by participants:
Table 1 Prioritized GSA,, NSA and CSA Sensitive Agricultural Technologies for Oromia Region
S/No Types of GSA, NSA & CSA technologies Rank
1 Maize Sheller 1st
2 Coffee pulpier
3 Milk churner
4 Poultry production 2nd
5 Fuel saving stoves
6 Modern beehives
7 Rope and washer 3rd
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Amhara Region Workshop– Ato. Gashawtena Belay, AGP2 CDSF Amhara RCDO
The Amhara AGP PCU, in collaboration with AGP2 CDSF Amhara regional office, organized a two-day
regional workshop in Woreta town from February 10-11, 2017 to discuss on technologies. Twenty-
nine participants (2 female) were delegated from BoA, RAGP PCU, Amhara Region Agricultural
Research Institute (ARARI), Bureau of Women and Children (BoW&C) ATA, CASCAPE, OXFAM GB and
other development partner projects and NGOs to attend the workshop. During the workshop
participants identified and prioritized GSA, NSA and CSA technologies. The following table shows
prioritized technologies with ranks given by participants:
Table 2 Prioritized GSA, NSA and CSA Technologies for Amhara Region
GSA, NSA and CSA Technologies Rank
Micro &household irrigation (manual tube well) 1
Improved horticulture production 2
Improved poultry production 3
Quality Protein Maize 4
Improved beekeeping 5
Mirt Stove and biogas 6
Shoats fattening 6
Post-harvest tech (Eg. Raw milk preservative,) 7
Tigray Region Workshop– Ato. Hailu Abay, AGP2 CDSF Tigray RCDO
The Tigray AGP PCU, in collaboration with CDSF Tigray Regional Office, conducted a workshop from
April 11-12, 2017 at the Ezana Sayzana Hotel in Wukro town, around 45 kilometers North of Mekelle.
A total of 18 participants (3 female) attended the workshop. Participants of the workshop were from
RAGP CU, Research, Livestock, Irrigation, Women Affairs Bureau, Environmental Protection Agency,
Wukro Technical and Vocational Education College, SMIS, GIZ, CASCAPE and other development
partners, projects and NGOs.
The following table shows GSA, NSA and CSA Technologies identified and prioritized in Tigray region
with ranks given by participants:
Table 3 Prioritized GSA, NSA and CSA Technologies for Tigray Region
Rank GSA technology NSA Technology CSA Technology
1 Business coaching for
women entrepreneurs- It
can work for CIG as well
Nutrition education and
Home/school gardening
Improved crop and forage
varieties (specific varieties to be
identified during AGP planning for
specific areas)
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Rank GSA technology NSA Technology CSA Technology
2 Child care facility during
training
Poultry and livestock- animal
source foods
Urea treatment- with feed trough
and hydroponic
3 Koekoek poultry breed Improved maize (Quality
protein maize like BHQPY545
and MHQ138 demonstrated on
model farmers)
Poultry cage
4 Hand maize Sheller Improved lettuce (Tesfa
Mekelle) 3.2 tone and slow
bolting
Solar cooker and solar dryer
5 Improved feed utilization
using locally available feed
sources (Eg. urea
molasses block)
Improved papaya– Maradol
variety
EZY Energy saving stove
6 Manually operated rotary
milk churner
Improved Faba Bean Improved water use efficiency
• Deficit irrigation
• Alternate furrow
7 Poldaw wind pump Conservation agriculture
• Minimum tillage
• 30% crop residue maintenance and moisture conservation
SNNPR Workshop – Ato. Sebsibe Teklu, AGP2 CDSF SNNPR RCDO The SNNP AGP PCU, in collaboration with AGP2 CDSF SNNP regional office conducted a workshop from June 2 – 3/2017 in Shashemene town. A total of 29 participants (6 female) drawn from six implementing agencies and 10 project representatives and NGOs attended the workshop. The following table shows GSA, NSA and CSA technologies identified and prioritized in SNNP region
with ranks given by participants:
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Table 4 Prioritized GSA, NSA and CSA Sensitive Agricultural Technologies for SNNPR
GSA, NSA and CSA Technologies Rank
Community - Based Sheep Breed Improvement 1
Home Gardening 2
Integrated Dairy Production 3
Sweet Potato & Potato Technology 4
Quality Protein Maize (QPM) 5
Milk Churner 6
Bee Keeping - Full Package 7
.
Day 2-October 20, 2017
The 2nd day started with a summary of papers presented on Day 1.
During the morning sessions of Day 2, three organizations from development partners, Save the Children,
CIMMYT, an international agricultural research institute and GIZ, shared their experiences, approaches
and best practices in identifying promoting and implementing GSA, NSA and CSA Technologies through
five power point presentations.
The presentations were followed by brief questions for clarification and comments.
Research findings, best practices and experiences of organizations that support agriculture
sector
(1) Save the Children - GTN-ENGINE Experience on Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture/livelihood
intervention, Ato Kebede Tafesse, Agriculture/Livelihood Advisor
Empowering New Generations to Improve Nutrition and Economic (GTN-ENGINE), was a project
supported by USAID. Its objective was to improve nutritional status of women and children. The project
was implemented through the government structure at the Woreda level through health, agriculture and
education sector. Growth Through Nutrition (GTN) is an extension of ENGINE and is now under
implementation with the same objective focusing on stunting reduction.
Lessons learned from ENGINE interventions were:
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▪ Nutrition sensitive livelihood interventions must readily adapt to local customs and
preference e.g – goat milk
▪ Community groups and networks can facilitate behavior change- e.g saving groups
▪ Homestead gardening alone cannot improve dietary diversity throughout the year – rain-fed
dependent – animal source food – income
▪ Innovative technologies are needed to extend growing seasons and the shelf life of produce
and animal products- irrigation, storage, preservation and processing
▪ The care and feeding of livestock can be a burden for some of Maternal Vulnerable
Households (MVHHs) – forage crops cultivation, change of mindset for chicken raring –
scavenging – proper feeding
▪ Private sector engagement in the supply of seeds, vet service and marketing of produce is
quite important – private venders and farmers cooperatives
▪ Nutrition should be part of the school’s curriculum and nutrition training needs to be
embedded in pre-service training of DAs and job aids needs to be developed for nutrition
messages
▪ The extension system needs to address nutrition –on top of productivity & commercialization
▪ The capacity of Food and Nutrition Case team of the federal MoANR needs to be strengthened
and the same structures should be in place at regional, zonal and woreda levels in order to
mainstream nutrition within the sector – Nutritionist
▪ Agriculture has a larger role to address household nutrition but is not sufficient unless health
services, water and sanitation and caring practices of children is also addressed in a synergistic
approach. Therefore the multi-sectoral approach of NNP needs to be strengthened at all
levels
▪ Bio-fortification of staple crops with micro-nutrients should be an area of interest by the
Agricultural Research Institutes, which is not the case except Orange Flesh Sweet Potato
(OFSP)
(2) CIMMYT-GENNOVATE - Research finding on how gender norms and agencies influence men,
women and youth to adopt innovation in agriculture and natural resources management (NRM), Dr.
Kristie Druza, Gender and Social Development Specialist
Gender norms are practices that are attached to the cultural, social and economic values of a certain
society. These norms are contributing a lot in underpinning power relations and privilege men’s agency
— the capacity to make strategic life choices and act upon them — as well as their authority and control
of resources, in wheat farming systems.
But norms are evolving. In a small number of villages studied, circumstances foster the participation and
agency of women and men in agricultural innovation. In those villages, normative shifts towards equitable
gender relations drove higher empowerment and poverty reduction than in the other 37 communities
studied. In several cases men recognized that women’s participation had raised household food security
and the quality of life.
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Gennovate-WHEAT interviewed or involved in focus groups some 2,500 women and men from 43 rural
villages in 8 wheat-producing countries of Africa and Asia that were Ethiopia, Morocco, Bangladesh,
Nepal, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Uzbekistan. Most perceived an increase in “agency” as well as
growing wellbeing and reduced poverty in their villages, in recent years.
Additional Key findings and implications
Preferences
GENNOVATE facilitators discussed new agricultural technologies with focus groups. Improved wheat
varieties emerged overwhelmingly as the most favored by both men and women. In one striking
example from Afghanistan, introducing better wheat varieties alone reduced women’s work burden,
showing how uptake of technology – whether seeds or machinery – can improve gender equality and the
quality of life.
Gender Sensitivity
Agency is highly gendered and, in most context, it remains more common and acceptable for a man than
a woman to exercise agency, including taking the initiative to learn about and adopt a new wheat variety
or soil management practice and reap the benefits.
Constraints
Financial constraints affect both men and women but gender related restrictions, such as limitations on
physical mobility and social interactions, as well as reproductive work burden, stand out as the second
most important constraint on women’s capacity to innovate in agriculture.
(3) CIMMYT- Farm Mechanization and Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Intensification
(FACASI) Experience on Gender Mainstreaming, Wro Mulunesh Tsegaye-Gender Specialist
Agriculture mechanization has many important implications for gender mainstreaming and
gender relations. Women’s role in agriculture is prevalent; they work in all aspects of farming
operations like seed cleaning, sowing, planting, weeding, applying fertilizer/manure and
pesticides, threshing and harvesting. Agriculture mechanization can help reduce women’s
workload and facilitate difficult operations. However, experiences in many countries including Ethiopia
show the promotion, adoption and benefits of mechanization are not gender neutral. Mechanization
technologies have mostly been adopted in relation to men’s tasks – often with negative consequences for
women. But detail assessment and analysis is needed to know how laborsaving technology are most
expected to be most impactful for female farmers because they work on do both on farm activities and
household activities.
18
(4) GIZ Experience on Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture, Ms Mihret Haile, Development Advisor
Aims to improve nutrition situation of food and nutrition-insecure people, particularly women of
reproductive age and young children. Target: Women (15-49 years) and young children under 2 years
(1000 days). The project is in Tigray region and in 2018 it will expand to Amhara region. The project
activities are aligned with the NNP II and Seqota Declaration. The project duration is from 2015 – 2022.
Main Partners of the project are Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MoANR) and Ministry of
Health (MoH).
Main areas of activities are:
1) Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture - post harvest
agro processing of tomato, oil seeds, mango,
cactus, honey and dairy products. Agro
processing provides improve nutrition
situation and diverse food intake.
Why agro processing?
▪ Reduce postharvest loss
▪ Secure income
▪ Secure year-round availability of food at
the household level
2) Improved food and nutrition practices;
Health and Care
3) Strengthen multi-sectoral coordination for nutrition security.
(5) GIZ Experience on Climate Smart Agriculture, Dr. Georg Deichert, Senior Advisor/
Agriculture Economics
Ethiopian context of Climate Change and
Agriculture
Ethiopia has several policy and strategy
documents relating to climate change.
Calculated emissions in Ethiopia for 2010 by
sector and sub-sector
Recommedations for CSA based on SLM experiance
▪ Combinations are necessary in order to overcome trade-offs within and between single
measures.
▪ Combinations are basically land use based, but can combine measures from different land use
types and livestock.
Post-harvest processing and value addition
experiences of GIZ-Ethiopia
19
▪ Combinations of more than 5 single measures might face strong constraints of adoption
(complexity).
▪ Combinations should be balanced with hardware (inputs) and software (practices).
▪ Combinations have at least 2 key interventions and optional measures added. (farmland based
with soil fertility)
Summary of Operational Definitions
Following the presentations and after considerable discussion on the issues raised, a summary of
operational definitions of GSA, NSA and CSA technologies were compiled and presented.
Group Task:
Participants were divided into four groups of seven members each. The four groups were named after
Ethiopian women who have been recognized for their prominent notable contributions to their respective
region and the nation. Accordingly, the groups were named Abebech Gobena, Hadera, Princess Taytu and
Nigiste Saba. Each group was then asked to share results of their group discussions to the plenary.
Specifically, participants were asked to consider the following:
• Evaluate the given operational definitions of GSA, NSA and CSA technologies in terms of their
applicability and relevance to AGP 2 implementation and suggest possible ways to make them
applicable.
• Prepare a list and discuss types of GSA, NSA and CSA agricultural technologies that could best
address the immediate needs of women and men small holder farmers, including FHHs and MHHs.
• Prioritize and list two technologies or best practices each for GSA, NSA and CSA that can be scaled
up in AGP 2.
• Suggest approaches for promoting, disseminating and scaling up the identified technologies in
AGP 2.
• Discuss and identify potential challenges that could be faced in demonstrating, promoting and
disseminating GSA, NSA and CSA technologies.
• Propose strategies to tackle the challenges to ensure effective implementation in AGP 2.
The group discussion focused on the following points:
• Operational definitions of GSA, NSA and CSA technologies for AGP 2 implementation at all levels
by all AGP 2 IAs.
• Types of GSA, NSA and CSA technologies and way of practical applications (i.e. coordination,
stakeholders’ contribution, community involvement) that were identified, tested and
disseminated.
• Proposed approach for the identified technologies that could be scaled up in AGP2.
• Identifying perceived barriers for those technologies that were not demonstrated and
disseminated and proposing possible solutions.
20
To support the discussions, the following documents were distributed to groups:
• Tips on selection criteria for technologies,
• List of GSA, NSA and CSA technologies
presented in the four regions (Oromia,
Amhara, Tigray and SNNPS)
• List of GSA technologies compiled by Women
Affairs Directorate (WAD), MoANR.
Accordingly, each group discussed the issues and presented their findings to the plenary with power point slides. The presentations were followed by plenary discussions. Participants’ comments included the following:
• Definitions should be concise and memorable. Using too many terminologies in the definitions
makes it difficult to understand and remember.
• Small ruminants, especially goats and sheep have proven successful in many areas. Engaging in
these activities is, therefore, recommended.
• There was a concern from some participants it would be very supportive if technologies can also
promoted, disseminated and adopted by CIGs. However, a lot should be done to ensure adequate
commitment of technology adaptation from CIG members. Others said CIG is the preferred AGP
2 strategy and is not a problem as such. They expressed their belief that the implementation
requires the strong follow up of supporting Implementing Agents.
DAY 3-October 21, 2017 Based on the comments, feedback and suggestions from each group, the following refined operational definitions of GSA, NSA, CSA technologies were documented:
Group Discussion
Gender Sensitive Agricultural Technologies – Operational Definition for AGP 2 Gender sensitive agricultural technologies are technologies that save labor, time and work load of
MW, FHH and small holder farmers and increase their productivity.
To ensure equitable access of these technologies by male and female small holder farmers, gender
sensitive agricultural technologies must also be:
• Affordable, durable,
• Locally available, and
• Easy to maintain and manage by intended users. Gender sensitive agricultural technologies may include, for example – energy saving stoves, milk
churners, threshers etc.
21
Nutrition sensitive agricultural technologies – Operational Definition for AGP 2 Nutrition sensitive agricultural technologies are goods, techniques and processes that contribute to
improving nutrient-dense food access, availability, affordability, increase dietary diversification,
increase the safety and quality of food production, utilization and preservation, as well as minimize
post-harvest losses and wastes and increasing the productivity of diversified nutrient-dense
agricultural and livestock producers.
To ensure equitable access of these technologies by male and female small holder farmers, nutrition
sensitive agricultural technologies must also be:
• Affordable, durable,
• Locally available, and
• Easy to maintain and manage by their intended users.
NSA technologies may include, for example, seeds or seedlings for nutrient dense crops, legumes,
fruits or vegetables, implements, methods, fodder or other materials required for agricultural
or livestock/poultry/aquaculture/apiculture production and preservation, and/or other technologies
that meet the above criteria.
Climate Smart Agricultural Technologies - operational definition for AGP 2 Climate Smart Agricultural technologies are technologies that sustainably increase productivity,
enhance resilience (adaptation), reduce/remove GHGs (mitigation) where possible, and enhances
achievement of national food security and development goals. (Source: FAO, 2016)
To ensure equitable access of these technologies by female and male small holder farmers, CSA
sensitive agricultural technologies must also be:
• Affordable, durable,
• Locally available, and
• Easy to maintain and manage by their intended users. CSA sensitive agricultural technologies may include conservation agricultural practices like reduced
tillage, crop residue management, intercropping and small-scale irrigation that maintain yea round
cropping and efficient water utilization.
22
Final Priority Setting: Gender-sensitive, Nutrition- sensitive and CSA
Technologies Before the four groups prioritized the identified technologies using pair-wise ranking, Ato. Tadele Akalu,
CDSF Capacity Development Specialist, briefed participants about pair-wise ranking and how it works.
Participants of the national workshop identified and prioritized the following Gender, Nutrition and CSA
sensitive agricultural technologies to be immediately and effectively implemented in AGP2. The results
are shown below:
Table 5 Prioritized GSA, NSA and CSA Technologies at the National Workshop
Final Discussions During the final discussions, participants stated that the workshop provided an opportunity for thorough
discussions on the stated objectives. Ultimately, as a result of the plenary sessions, participants were able
to prioritize gender-, nutrition- and CSA-sensitive technologies for use, application and scaling up in AGP2.
However, technologies that were prioritized at the regional level based on the needs and context of
respective regions are recognized to be implemented as per the demands of each region.
Rank GSA Technology NSA Technology CSA Technology
1 Small ruminants (shoats)
production package
Homestead gardening Small scale water management
technology
2 Agricultural mechanization:
multi-crop threshers, power
tillers, harvesters, hand maize
sheller
Postharvest management
for perishable agricultural
products
Development of rehabilitated
micro-catchment areas with multi-
purpose trees
3 Full packaged poultry production Full packaged Poultry
production Conservation agriculture package
4 Full packaged improved/modern
bee keeping (through queen
rearing)
Vegetable production
package Acid soil management
5 Manually operated milk churner Promotion & dissemination
of Bio-fortified crops Forage development
6 Modern stove molder Soil and water conservation activity
23
Closing
In his closing remark, Ato Ibrahim Mohammed,
National AGP PCU Advisor thanked participants
for their contribution over the last two and half
days and advised them not to disregard
technologies that may not have been prioritized
in this workshop. Rather, he suggested, to
continue the discussion on the efficacy and
practicality of all technologies and use them for
scaling up based on the need / demand of the
community.
Jim Hamilton, CDSF Project Field Manager, likewise thanked participants for their active participation and
important contributions to the success of the workshop. He encouraged participants to consider the
technologies as fitting within two kinds of farming systems; one being on relatively large-scale landscapes
as in small-scale irrigation command areas, rainfed areas, etc.; and, the other, being on a relatively small-
scale household level resource base using micro-irrigation and homestead garden systems. Gender-
sensitive technologies should be considered for both extensive- and intensive landscapes where nutrition
and climate smart technologies are implemented. He finally promised to share the proceedings at the
soonest possible time.
Ato Melaku Jirata ,Oromiya CDSF RTL and Ato Ibrahim
Mohammed AGP2Senior Technical Advisor leading final
discussion
24
Annex I
Detailed results of pair-wise ranking for GSA, NSA & CSA technologies Gender Sensitive Technologies
Technology 1 2 3 4 5 6 Score Rank
1. Full packaged improved/modern bee keeping
(through queen rearing)
56
4th
2. Full packaged poultry production
58 3rd
3. Agricultural mechanization: multi-crop
threshers, power tillers, harvesters, hand maize
sheller
61 2nd
4. Modern stove molder
38 6th
5. Manually operated milk churner
43 5th
6. Small ruminants (shoats) production package
72 1st
Nutrition Sensitive Technologies
Technology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Score Rank
1. Homestead gardening
73 1st
2. Postharvest management for perishable
agricultural products
70 2nd
3.Promotion & dissemination of Bio-fortified
crops
47 5th
4. Vegetable production package
57 4th
5. Full packaged Poultry production
68 3rd
25
Climate Smart Agriculture Technologies
Technology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Score Rank
1. Development of rehabilitated micro-catchment
areas with multi-purpose trees
51 2nd
2. Conservation agriculture package
71 3rd
3. Small scale water management technology
85 1st
4. Acid soil management
50 4th
5. Agro-forestry
72 7th
6. Drip irrigation
44 6th
7. Forage development
49 5th
Annex II - List of Workshop Participants
No Name Sex Position Organization Mobile E-mail
1. Amleset Haile F Senior Expert Benefit-
CASCAPE 0912493188 [email protected]
2. Assefa Tsegaye M M and E AGP 0935314663 [email protected]
3. Atlaw Anbelu M Horticulture Expert MONAR 0913184779 [email protected]
4. Berhanu Assefa M Coordinator MOANR 0916831501 berhanuassefa186@yahoo
.com
5. Betelehem Ephrem F Gender Expert Save the
children 0911891390
Betelhemephrem@saveth
echildren
6. Dr. Kristie Drucza F
Gender and Social
Development
Research Manager
CIMMYT 0944053904 [email protected]
7. Etalemahu
Demisse F RCDO CDSF 0911863137 [email protected]
8. Fekade
Wondmagegne M
Agricultural
Production and
commercialization
Specialist
AGP-CU 0911487114 [email protected]
26
No Name Sex Position Organization Mobile E-mail
9. Gashawtena Belay M RCDO CDSF 0918782347 [email protected]
m
10. Georg Dichert M Agricultural Advisor GIZ 0920192013 [email protected]
11. Gorfe Tessema F Senior Expert MOANR 0911152411 [email protected]
12. Hailu Abay M RCDO CDSF 0914720411 [email protected]
13. Hussein Abegaz M Director MOLF 0911172571 [email protected]
14. Ibrahim
Mohammed M
AGP Senior
Technical Expert FAC-P.CU 0911402697 [email protected]
15. Jim Hamilton M Project Field
Manager CDSF 0922172179 [email protected]
16. Kebede Tafesse M Agriculture/Liveliho
od Advisor
GTN - Save the
children 0924892332
Kebede.Tafesse@savethec
hildren.org
17. Kidist Mulugeta F Capacity
Management FTF-EVCA 0911621507 [email protected]
18. Leta Tasissa M Senior Expert MONAR 0920123702 [email protected]
19. Martha Gebre F Gender Advisor GAC 0911355006 [email protected]
20. Maya HageAli F Policy Officer FAO/EU 0911509528 [email protected]
21. Mehret Haile F Development
Advisor GIZ
0947
410513 [email protected]
22. Melaku Jirata M RFTL CDSF 0912183612 [email protected]
23. Meskerem Mulatu F Gender and
Nutrition Specialist CDSF
0911
416350
om
24. Mintesinot Kassa M
Knowledge
Management and
Communication
specialist
CDSF 0911917327 [email protected]
om
25. Mulugeta Teamir M Researcher EIAR 0911639966 [email protected]
26. Mulunesh Tsegaye F Gender Specialist CIMMYT 0973168713 [email protected]
27. Sebsebe Tekelu M RCDO CDSF 0911041433 [email protected]
28. Selamawit Firdissa F Gender and
Nutrition Expert
Benefit-
CASCAPE 0913008226
selamawit.benefit@gmail.
com
27
No Name Sex Position Organization Mobile E-mail
29. Sharew Anteneh M Safeguard Specialist FAGP 0911971517 [email protected]
m
30. Sofiya Kassa F D/Director EIAR 0911987173 [email protected]
31. Soyome
Alemayehu F Gender Expert SMIS 0911406126 [email protected]
32. Symanthe Holbn F Deputy Chief of
Party FTEE-VCA 0944096905 [email protected]
33. Tadele Akalu M
Capacity
Development
Specialist
CDSF 0929347131 [email protected]
34. Tadesse Sori M AGP Coordinator MOLF 0911
180339 [email protected]
35. Tamene Taye M Nutrition Advisor MOA 0966920166 [email protected]
36. Tekalign Tesfaye M Expert MOA 0911352976 [email protected]
m
37. Temesgen
Workayehu M
Monitoring and
Evaluation Specialist CDSF 0911754483
om
38. Temnet Amanuel F NSA Project Officer GIZ 0911386046 [email protected]
39. Teshome Sahilu M
Capacity
Development
Specialist
AGP-CU 0913337591 [email protected]
40. Tsehay Biyadglilign F Director MOLF 0911650591 [email protected]
41. Tsehayenesh
Kidane F
Gender & Nutrition
Expert AGP-CU 0911883730 [email protected]
42. Yalew Belete M AGP Senior
Technical Expert AGP 0911988528 [email protected]
43. Yared Tigabu M Social &
Environment Expert MOA 0913249497 [email protected]
44. Yaregal Zelealem M Expert MOANR 0922854096 [email protected]
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