problem solving

What is a Problem?

A problem exists when a problem solver has a goal but does not know how this goal is to be reached.

Problem-solving is a mental process that involves discovering, analyzing and solving problems. The ultimate goal of problem-solving is to overcome obstacles and find a solution that best resolves the issue.

DEFINITION“Problem solving is a process of overcoming difficulties that appear to interfere with the attainment of a goal. It is a process of making adjustment in spite of interferences” Skinner

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure that will always produce a correct solution. A mathematical formula is a good example of a problem-solving algorithm.

Algorithms

Heuristics

Heuristics are general strategies used to make quick, short-cut solutions to problems that sometimes lead to solutions but sometimes lead to errors.

Trial-and-Error

A trial-and-error approach to problem-solving involves trying a number of different solutions and ruling out those that do not work.

Insight

In some cases, the solution to a problem can appear as a sudden insight.

BRAINSTORMING

Brainstorming is a problem-solving strategy in which you come up with as many possible solutions as you can, usually within a certain period of time.

Factors Affecting Problem Solving

Factors inherent in the nature of the problem

Simplicity & complexity of the problem. size or shape of the problem.Appropriate or inappropriate definition of the problem.Nature of the definiteness of the problem.Similarity or analogy with the problems experienced or solved in the past.Help available from present circumstances & resources at hand.Lack of resources or unfavorable circumstances.

Factors associated with the problem solver

Level of previous learning or training.Interest and motivational level.Analysis of the problem.Mental set.Functional fixedness.Mental and physical states.Time spent on solving the problem.

Role of TeacherHelp the pupils to locate and select the problem to be solvedCreate moderate motivation in learnerEncourage divergent thinkingPresent the problem as a wholeGuide the pupilsGive practice