Problem-Based Learning: Introduction & Rationale

PROBLEM-BASED

LEARNING: INTRODUCTION

& RATIONALE

BY THE END OF THIS SESSION YOU WILL Define PBL Identify the rationale for PBL List advantages and

disadvantages of PBL

WHAT IS PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING? A learning method based on the

principle of using problems as a starting point for the acquisition and integration of new knowledge.” H.S. Barrows 1982

PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING IS DESIGNED TO ENABLE STUDENTS TO: Engage problems they face in life and career

with initiative. Solve problems effectively using an integrated,

flexible and usable knowledge base. Employ effective self-directed learning skills to

continue learning as a lifetime habit. Continuously monitor and assess the adequacy

of their knowledge, problem-solving and self-directed learning skills.

Collaborate effectively as a member of a group.

WHAT WAS PROMISED? According to the early literature,

PBL would contribute toRenewal of the medical curriculumA more student-centered learning

environmentStudents acquiring better clinical reasoning

skillsStudents acquiring better interpersonal

skillsAcquisition and retention of relevant

medical knowledge.

DID PBL ACT AS A ENZYME FOR CURRICULUM RENEWAL?Generally: Yes Many schools have integrated basic-

science with clinical-science teaching: both horizontally and vertically,

Greater emphasis on community health needs,

Earlier introduction into the health care system,

Many schools use patient problems as focus of learning,

DOES PBL PROVIDE A MORE STUDENT-CENTERED LEARNING ENVIRONMENT? According to most studies: Yes Students report less stress & fewer

feelings of being powerless (Kuhnigk & Schauenburg, 1999),

Students feel more supported by learning environment, and experience more social support (Kiessling, et al., 2004).

…….. Etc

DOES PBL HELP STUDENTS TO ACQUIRE CLINICAL REASONING SKILLS? According to few studies available:

Yes What type of studies?

TRADITIONAL V PBL Traditional PBL

POTENTIALLY IMPORTANT PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATES?

Getting much work done productivity, efficiency, effectiveness

Getting work done with the help of others team work, leadership

Getting work done in new innovative ways creativity, problem-solving

Getting work done using science finding, reviewing, producing, disseminating

scientific knowledge

DOES PBL HELP STUDENTS ACQUIRE SUCH PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES?

All studies point in the same direction: Yes

e.g.,

ADVANTAGES OF PBL PBL enhances active learning; It is multidisciplinary; Learning is problem driven; Learning occurs in small tutorial groups; Student-Centered learning; Integrative thinking Self directed learning Motivation for learning; Learning environment is realistic; and Assessment matches educational objectives.

DISADVANTAGES OF PBL It is costly; Large and well trained staff is needed; More time is needed; Large physical structure is required; and It needs more resources.

There are 2 educational approaches:

one is to simply tell students what they need to know

the other is to show students how to learn doing it !!!!

THANK YOU