Probiotcs ppt (1)

PROBIOTICS

Dr K Preethi

Final yr pg

Dept of pharmacology

Contents

Definition History Mechanism of action Probiotic strains Foods containing probiotics Clinical implications of probiotics Preparations Prebiotics Symbiotics

Definition

According to WHO, 2001 “probiotics are live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host”.

Pro – promoting Biotic - life

History In 1907 , Russian Noble prize winner, ELIE

METCHINKOFF first conceptualised probiotics

In 1930s in Japan, MINORU SHIROTA developed YAKULT

Probiotic term coined by LILLY & STILLWELL in 1965

Mechanism of action

Probiotics produce acidic, lactic & propionic acid lowers the intestinal pH & inhibit the growth of certain pathogenic bacteria like E.coli

Prevent adhesion and colonization of pathogenic organisms

Produce immunologic response – increase IgA production, cytokine modulation

Helps absorption of minerals Produce wide range of antimicrobial

substances like acidophilin, bacteriocin Enhance the intestinal barrier function

Probiotic strains

Lactobacillus species

L. acidophillus

L. plantarum

L. casei rhamnosus

L. brevis

L. bulgaricus

Bifidobacterium species

B. adolescentis

B. bifidum

B. infantis

B. breve

Others Streptococcus thermophilus Enteterococcus faecium Lactococcus lactis Yeast – Saccharomyces boulardii

Foods containing probiotics Yakult dairy drink Milk – soya milk, Tofu Milk products – sour cream, butter milk,

yogurt Fermented Indian foods like – idly, dosa,

kadhi, dhoklas

Clinical implications 1) Diarrhoea:

A) Treatment & prevention of acute diarrhoea:

- L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus, L. casei

Saccharomyces boulardii

B) Antibiotic associated diarrhoea

- Saccharomyces boulardii,

L. rhamnosus

- L. casei DN – 114001 – effective in

hospitalized adult patients

2) Inflammatory bowel disease:

- pouchitis, ulcerative colitis

3) Irritable bowel syndrome

- reduction in abdominal bloating and flatulence

- L. reuteri may improve colicky symptoms

4) Colon cancer

5) Lactose malabsorption

- Streptococcus thermophillus and L. delbrueckii

- prodution of β- D galactosidase enzymes that breakdown lactose

6) Eradication of H. pylori

7) Allergy

- decreases serum IgE levels

- reduction of Th2 cytokine response

8) Lowering cholesterol

9) Bp reduction: related to the ACE inhibitor like peptides produced during fermentation

10) Necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants if given in early life decreases the severity and incidence

11) Hypo response to food allergens 12) Bacterial vaginosis 13) Decreases atopic dermatitis in

neonates if given in pregnancy and early life of neonate

Prepartions

Tablets , capsules, powders Sporlac - 60 million spores of lactic acid

bacillus Econorm - Saccharomyces boulardii 250

mg per sachet Bifilac – lactobacillus 50 million spores

sterptococcus faecalis 30 million

clostridium butyricum 2 million

bacillus mesenteric 1 million per

sachets/capule

Bifilin : lactobacillus species 1 billion

bifidobacterium bifidum 1 billion

streptococcus thermophillus 0.25B

saccharomyces boulardii 0.25 billion Actigut: lactobacillus species

bifidobacterium species Enterogermina: Bacillus clausii 2 billion

spores 5ml oral ampule

Prebiotcs

Nondigestable dietary substances Increases the no. of beneficial anaerobic

bacteria and decreases the pathogenic microorganisms

Metabolic effects - Produce short chain fatty acids, absorption of ions( Ca, Fe, Mg)

Enhances host immunity ( IgA production, cytokine modulation)

Commonly known prebiotics are

oligofructose – wheat, onions, bananas, garlic

inulin

lactulose

breastmilk oligosaccharides

galacto oligosaccharides

Lactulose – a synthetic disaccharide used as a drug for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy and constipation

Symbiotics

probiotic + prebiotioc

References

Probiotics and prebiotics, World Gastroenterology Organisation Practise Guidelines, May,2008.

The pharmacological basics for therapeutics, Goodman & Gillman, 12th edition

Essentials of medical pharmacology – K. D. Tripathi, 7th edition

Pharmacology & pharmacotherapeutics – R. D. Satoskar, 23rd edition

THANK YOU