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Probing the Atomic H(iggs) force
Cédric DelaunayCNRS/LAPTh
Annecy-le-VieuxFrance
Moriond EW15-03-2016 | La Thuile
CD, R. Ozeri, G. Perez, Y. Soreqhep-ph: 1601.05087 + in progress
CD, Y. Soreq hep-ph:1602.04838(see also Frugiuele et al. hep-ph:1602.04822)
Phys.Rev. D92 (2015) 5, 055021Phys.Rev. D92 (2015) 5, 055021
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Outline
1. The Higgs and the flavor puzzle
2. Higgs force in atoms
3. Probing Higgs couplings with isotope shifts
4. The weak and new physics forces
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The BEH mechanismand the flavor puzzle
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• breaks EW symmetry:
• provides charged fermion masses:
The Brout-Englert-Higgs Mechanism
ATLAS+CMS: ATLAS-CONF-2015-044
in the SM:
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The flavor puzzle
• Charged fermion masses are highly hierarchical:
• The origin of this hierarchy is unknown, despite a host of precision flavor measurements.
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The flavor puzzle
• Charged fermion masses are highly hierarchical:
• The origin of this hierarchy is unknown, despite a host of precision flavor measurements.
• Within the SM, it is assumed to originate fromhierarchical Higgs-to-fermion couplings:
How well can we test?
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The flavor puzzle at the LHC
ATLAS-CONF-2015-044
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→ the Higgs mechanism is likely to bethe dominant source of 3rd generation masses
The flavor puzzle at the LHC
ATLAS-CONF-2015-044
ATLAS+CMSHiggs-signal/SM:
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There is an opportunity to probe c-coupling directly, thanks to charm-tagging:
in VH production
in Hc production
The flavor puzzle at the LHC
Sensitivity to muon-coupling,with high-enough luminosity
ATL-PHYS-PUB-2014-016
Other probes exist:•
• global fits
•
Perez-Soreq-Stamou-Tobioka ’15
Isidori-Goertz ’15
CD-Golling-Perez-Soreq ’13
Perez-Soreq-Stamou-Tobioka ’15
Perez-Soreq-Stamou-Tobioka ’15
s
Kagan et al. ’14
?
c
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The flavor puzzle at the LHC
c
s
What about e,u,d?
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The flavor puzzle at the LHC
c
e
s
u d
What about e,u,d?
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The flavor puzzle at the LHC
c
e
s
u d
What about e,u,d?
Higgs-to-light-fermion couplingscould be much larger than the SM prediction.LHC is and will remain weak in bounding them.
Perez-Soreq-Stamou-Tobioka ’15
Altmannshofer-Brod-Schmaltz ’15
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The atomic Higgs forceand optical clock transitions
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Higgs force in atoms
• The Higgs results in an attractive force between nuclei and their bound electrons (à la Yukawa):
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Higgs force in atoms
• The Higgs results in an attractive force between nuclei and their bound electrons:
• with: Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov ’78+ nuclear data, see e.g. micrOmegas
uncertaintiesin matching
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Higgs force in atoms
• The Higgs results in an attractive force between nuclei and their bound electrons:
• with:
• constrained by LHC, weaker sensitivity to s-coupling
Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov ’78+ nuclear data, see e.g. micrOmegas
uncertaintiesin matching
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Atomic Higgs Force Strength
• Under current LHC constraints:
• Higgs force possibly stronger than SM by ! global fit (indirect)
Higgs width (direct)
and
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Atomic Higgs Force Strength
• Under current LHC constraints:
• Higgs force possibly stronger than SM by !
• This shifts transition frequencies by:
global fit (indirect)
Higgs width (direct)
and
Bohr radius
electron-densityat the nucleus
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Optical Atomic Clocks
• Narrow transitions with S-wave are needed:
Ludlow-Boyd-Ye, Rev. Mod. Phys. 87 (2015)
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Frequency comparisons
• Experimental accuracy in , isDube et al., Phys. Rev. A87 (2013)Chwalla et al., PRL 102 (2009)
sensitivity tothe Higgs force
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Frequency comparisons
• Experimental accuracy in , is
• Theory side is however much less promissing:electron-electron correlations, nuclear finite-size, relativistic corrections, QED…
are not accounted for at the level...
Dube et al., Phys. Rev. A87 (2013)Chwalla et al., PRL 102 (2009)
sensitivity tothe Higgs force
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Isotope shifts and the King plot
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Isotope shifts
• The Higgs force can’t be switched on and off. Instead, let’s try to cancel the « background ».
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Isotope shifts
• The Higgs force can’t be switched on and off. Instead, let’s try to cancel the « background ».
• Transition frequencies are largely dominated by EM effects, most of which remains unchanged for different isotopes, because same charge
(consider to avoid influence of nuclear spin)
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Isotope shifts
• The Higgs force can’t be switched on and off. Instead, let’s try to cancel the « background ».
• Transition frequencies are largely dominated by EM effects, most of which remains unchanged for different isotopes, because same charge
(consider to avoid influence of nuclear spin)
• The Higgs force however scales like the nuclearmass A, so there is still a net shift between isotopes!
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Isotope Shift Theory
• There are yet non-trivial IS from changes in:– the reduced mass:
– the nuclear charge distribution:
• Hence, to leading order, IS for a transition reads:
• MS/FS effects for are typically in the GHz range….
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Isotope Shift Theory
• There are yet non-trivial IS from changes in:– the reduced mass:
– the nuclear charge distribution:
• Hence, to leading order, IS for a transition reads:
• MS/FS effects for are typically in the GHz range….
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Isotope Shift Theory
• There are yet non-trivial IS from changes in:– the reduced mass:
– the nuclear charge distribution:
• Hence, to leading order, IS for a transition reads:
• MS/FS effects are typically in the GHz range Hz !
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The King Plot
• First, define modified IS as
W. H. King, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 53, 638 (1963)
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The King Plot
• First, define modified IS as • Measure IS in two transitions. Use transition 1 to
set and substitute back intotransition 2:
W. H. King, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 53, 638 (1963)
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The King Plot
• First, define modified IS as • Measure IS in two transitions. Use transition 1 to
set and substitute back intotransition 2:
• Plot vs. along the isotopic chain• as long as linearity is observed, one can bound
(unless accidentally )
W. H. King, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 53, 638 (1963)
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Proof of concept with dataGebert et al. PRL 115 (2015)
IS ~ error ~
(not-clock)
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Sensitivity to Higgs couplings
• One needs a material with 2 clock transitions and 4+ isotopes → unique opportunity with
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Sensitivity to Higgs couplings
• One needs a material with 2 clock transitions and 4+ isotopes → unique opportunity with
• Not all data available, but current accuracyHuntemann et al. PRL 113 (2014)
Godun et al. PRL 113 (2014)
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Sensitivity to Higgs couplings
• One needs a material with 2 clock transitions and 4+ isotopes → unique opportunity with
• Not all data available, but current accuracy• Expected sensitivity on u,d,s couplings:
Huntemann et al. PRL 113 (2014)Godun et al. PRL 113 (2014)
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Sensitivity to Higgs couplings
• One needs a material with 2 clock transitions and 4+ isotopes → unique opportunity with
• Not all data available, but current accuracy• Expected sensitivity on u,d,s couplings:
• This is ~10 times better than (comparable to) LHC8 direct (indirect) bounds, with very good prospect for improvements!
Huntemann et al. PRL 113 (2014)Godun et al. PRL 113 (2014)il y a plusieurs années
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Probing new physicsFew remarks
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The weak force
• Z-to-electron couplings known at levelLEPEWWG
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The weak force
• Z-to-electron couplings known at level• Yet, the coupling to first-generation quarks
(especially ) are poorly known from LEP
LEPEWWG
Efrati-Falkowski-Soreq ‘14
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The weak force
• Z-to-electron couplings known at level• Yet, the coupling to first-generation quarks
(especially ) are poorly known from LEP
• improved bounds from IS:
LEPEWWG
Efrati-Falkowski-Soreq ‘14
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The weak force
• Z-to-electron couplings known at level• Yet, the coupling to first-generation quarks
(especially ) are poorly known from LEP
• improved bounds from IS: • still weaker than APV:
LEPEWWG
Efrati-Falkowski-Soreq ‘14
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Generic new physics (EFT)
• Relevant operators at the GeV scale:
LEP2
CD-Soreq ‘16
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Generic new physics (EFT)
• Relevant operators at the GeV scale:
LEP2
CD-Soreq to appear
sensitive to scalaroperators up to 20TeV!
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A 750GeV diphoton resonance?
• LHC established its coupling to hadrons• What if it further couples to electrons?
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A 750GeV diphoton resonance?
• LHC established its coupling to hadrons• What if it further couples to electrons?
No IS if pseudoscalarAssuming scalar:
Unless producedby gluon fusion, IS has more sensitivityto its couplings to
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A 750GeV diphoton resonance?
• Combining diphoton signal and
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Conclusions
• State-of-the-art isotope shift measurements canprobe the atomic Higgs force, thus shedding light on the flavor puzzle.
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Conclusions
• State-of-the-art isotope shift measurements canprobe the atomic Higgs force, thus shedding light on the flavor puzzle.
• Our method is not only sensitive to the Higgsforce, but also to:– the weak force – BSM, as long as not aligned with QED…
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Conclusions
• State-of-the-art isotope shift measurements canprobe the atomic Higgs force, thus shedding light on the flavor puzzle.
• Our method is not only sensitive to the Higgsforce, but also to:– the weak force – BSM, as long as not aligned with QED…
• Measurements in Yb+ are already underway!• Other possibilities envisaged: Ca/Ca+, Sr/Sr+, Dy
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Electron density at the nucleus
• Coulomb potential:
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Electron density at the nucleus
• Coulomb potential:
• Nuclear charge screened by inner electrons: ion charge
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Electron density at the nucleus
• Coulomb potential:
• Nuclear charge screened by inner electrons:
• Using non-relativistic hydrogenoid wavefunction:
ion charge
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Higher-orders?
• Need to control King’s linearity at least down to:
• Higher-order corrections are not trivial to compute, many-body, relativistic simulations are needed [in progress]
Higgs force
total IS
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Higher-orders?
• Need to control King’s linearity at least down to:
• Higher-order corrections are not trivial to compute, many-body, relativistic simulations are needed [in progress]
• Yet, IS are controlled by two small parameters:
• So, we can entertain NDA…
Higgs force
total IS
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NLO Field Shift
• Perturbation theory:
• LO:• NLO/LO:• NLO is linear up to overlap with the nucleus• Hence, non-linearities are only of
Seltzer ’69Blundell et al. ‘87
nuclear chargedistribution
nuclear potentialelectron density
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NLO Mass Shift
• MS arises from:– rescaling Rydberg (normal MS)– electron-electron correlation, relativistic… (specific MS)
• at LO, both scale like• NLO correction is parametrically:
• Hence, NLO/LO
Palmer ‘87