Probing non-integral spin magnons via spin current noise Akashdeep Kamra and Wolfgang Belzig Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany Reference: Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 146601 (2016). Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz 18 th August 2016
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Probing non-integral spin magnons via spin current noise
Akashdeep Kamra and Wolfgang BelzigDepartment of Physics, University of Konstanz,
78457 Konstanz, Germany
Reference: Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 146601 (2016).
Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz 18th August 2016
Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
What's that noise!DC current through a resistor vs. time
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
What's that noise!DC current through a resistor vs. time
18th August 2016
Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
What's that noise!DC current through a resistor vs. time
18th August 2016
Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
What's that noise!DC current through a resistor vs. time
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Shot NoiseDC current through a resistor vs. time
Discrete/Quantized nature of transport!
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Quantifying Noise
Current fluctuation
δ I=I−⟨ I ⟩
δ I
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Quantifying Noise
One-sided Noise Power Spectral Density
Current fluctuation
δ I=I−⟨ I ⟩
Sδ I (Ω)
δ I
⟨(δ I )2⟩=∫0
∞
Sδ I (Ω)d Ω
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Quantifying Noise
One-sided Noise Power Spectral Density
Current fluctuation
δ I=I−⟨ I ⟩
Sδ I (Ω)
δ I
Sδ I (Ω)=∫−∞
∞
{δ I (t )δ I (0 )}e iΩ t d t
⟨(δ I )2⟩=∫0
∞
Sδ I (Ω)d Ω
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Poissonian Transport
Y. V. Nazarov and Y. M. Blanter, Quantum Transport Introduction to Nanoscience (Cambridge University Press, 2009).
Probability rate of a charge transfer event is constant.
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Poissonian Transport
Y. V. Nazarov and Y. M. Blanter, Quantum Transport Introduction to Nanoscience (Cambridge University Press, 2009).
Probability rate of a charge transfer event is constant.
⟨N 2⟩=⟨N ⟩
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Poissonian Transport
Y. V. Nazarov and Y. M. Blanter, Quantum Transport Introduction to Nanoscience (Cambridge University Press, 2009).
S (0)=2 q ⟨ I ⟩Probability rate of a charge transfer event is constant.
X. Jehl, M. Sanquer, R. Calemczuk, and D. Mailly, Detection of doubled shot noisein short normal-metal/ superconductor junctions, Nature 405, 50 (2000).
2 e
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Interacting SystemsFractional Quantum Hall Effect
L. Saminadayar, D. C. Glattli, Y. Jin, and B. Etienne, Observation of the e/3 Fractionally Charged Laughlin Quasiparticle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2526 (1997).
e /3
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Shot Noise
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Spin Currents
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Spin CurrentsNon-magnetic metal (N)/Ferromagnetic insulator (FI)
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V. V. Kruglyak, S. O. Demokritov, and D. Grundler, Magnonics, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 43, 264001 (2010).
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Thermal Spin Current Noise
A. Kamra, F. P. Witek, S. Meyer, H. Huebl, S. Geprägs, R. Gross, G. E. W. Bauer, and S. T. B. Goennenwein, Spin Hall Noise, Phys. Rev. B 90, 214419 (2014).
y y
4268
4270
4272
4274
4276YIG(60nm)|Pt(2.2nm) 291.5K
Rlo
ng
()
0 90 180 270 360
6.870
6.873
6.876
6.879
6.882
SV
,lon
g(V
2/H
z)
(°)
x10-17
Pt YIG GGG
Non-magnetic metal (N)/Ferromagnetic insulator (FI)
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Magnon
Considering only exchange interaction and Zeeman energy!
C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1953)
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Magnon
Considering only exchange interaction and Zeeman energy!
C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1953)
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Magnon
+
ℏ
Considering only exchange interaction and Zeeman energy!
C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1953)
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Classical Hamiltonian
C. Kittel, Quantum Theory of Solids (John Wiley & Sons, London 1963).
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Classical Hamiltonian
Linearization about equilibrium orientation: Magnetization saturated along z direction
C. Kittel, Quantum Theory of Solids (John Wiley & Sons, London 1963).
18th August 2016
Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Classical Hamiltonian
Linearization about equilibrium orientation: Magnetization saturated along z direction
C. Kittel, Quantum Theory of Solids (John Wiley & Sons, London 1963).
18th August 2016
Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Classical Hamiltonian
Mean-field description of dipolar interaction:Demagnetization field
C. Kittel, Quantum Theory of Solids (John Wiley & Sons, London 1963).
18th August 2016
Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Classical Hamiltonian
Mean-field description of dipolar interaction:Demagnetization field
C. Kittel, Quantum Theory of Solids (John Wiley & Sons, London 1963).
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Quantization: HP transformations
C. Kittel, Quantum Theory of Solids (John Wiley & Sons, London 1963).
T. Holstein and H. Primakoff, Field Dependence of the Intrinsic Domain Magnetization of a Ferromagnet, Phys. Rev. 58, 1098 (1940).
With the magnon ladder operators in real space
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Quantization: HP transformations
C. Kittel, Quantum Theory of Solids (John Wiley & Sons, London 1963).
T. Holstein and H. Primakoff, Field Dependence of the Intrinsic Domain Magnetization of a Ferromagnet, Phys. Rev. 58, 1098 (1940).
With the magnon ladder operators in real space
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Quantum Hamiltonian
With the magnon annihilation operators in Fourier space
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Quantum Hamiltonian
With the magnon annihilation operators in Fourier space
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Ferromagnet Eigenmodes
With magnon annihilation operators
Effect of dipolar interactions!
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Squeezed-magnons
Bogoliubov transformation to new quasi-particles
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Spin Current Injection
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Hamiltonian
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Ferromagnetic Resonance
Under coherent excitation
⟨M x⟩∝ℜ(β) ⟨M y ⟩∝ℑ(β)
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Ferromagnetic Resonance
Under coherent excitation
Resonant excitation of the uniform mode and spin current injection!
⟨M x⟩∝ℜ(β) ⟨M y ⟩∝ℑ(β)
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Spin Current Shot Noise
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Spin Current Shot Noise
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Spin Current Shot Noise
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Squeezed-magnon
T. Holstein and H. Primakoff, Field Dependence of the Intrinsic Domain Magnetization of a Ferromagnet, Phys. Rev. 58, 1098 (1940).
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Squeezed-magnon
Specimen in the shape of a film
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Squeezed-magnon
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.50
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.50
0.5
1
1.5
2
0
5
10
15
20
Specimen in the shape of a film
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A Primer on Squeezing
C. Gerry and P. Knight, Introductory Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, 2005).
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Uncertainty Relations
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Uncertainty Relations
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Uncertainty Relations
M x M y
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Squeezed Vacuum
Define (single mode) Squeeze operator:
Squeezed vacuum
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Squeezed Vacuum
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Squeezed Number States
Alternate (equivalent) approach to squeezing:
Squeezed zero number state
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Squeezed-magnon
What's in the name – relation to squeezed light
C. Gerry and P. Knight, Introductory Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, 2005).
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Squeezed-magnon
What's in the name – relation to squeezed light
C. Gerry and P. Knight, Introductory Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, 2005).
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Squeezed-magnon
What's in the name – relation to squeezed light
Two mode squeezing
C. Gerry and P. Knight, Introductory Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, 2005).
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Finite Temperature Noise
A. Kamra and W. Belzig, Magnon-mediated spin current noise in ferromagnet|nonmagnetic conductor hybrids, Phys. Rev. B 94, 014419 (2016).
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Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Finite Temperature Noise
0.1 1 10 10010 17
10 18
10 19
10 20
18th August 2016
A. Kamra and W. Belzig, Magnon-mediated spin current noise in ferromagnet|nonmagnetic conductor hybrids, Phys. Rev. B 94, 014419 (2016).
Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Finite Temperature Noise
0.1 1 10 10010 17
10 18
10 19
10 20
18th August 2016
A. Kamra and W. Belzig, Magnon-mediated spin current noise in ferromagnet|nonmagnetic conductor hybrids, Phys. Rev. B 94, 014419 (2016).
Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Finite Temperature Noise
0.1 1 10 10010 17
10 18
10 19
10 20
0.1 1 10
10 12
10 14
10 16
10 18
18th August 2016
A. Kamra and W. Belzig, Magnon-mediated spin current noise in ferromagnet|nonmagnetic conductor hybrids, Phys. Rev. B 94, 014419 (2016).
Akashdeep Kamra Uni Konstanz
Summary● Dipolar interaction mediated squeezing of
magnons● Non-integer spin quasiparticles● Dominance of shot over thermal noise● Quantum effects of squeezing