Pro

1

THE RISE OF RADICAL

NATIONALISM

2

Who are the radical nationalists?The radical nationalists were the leader of a sturdy nationalist movement. They believed that for any success, boldness was required. They stood for complete Swaraj. They encouraged radical methods in politics, such as boycott of british goods, government services and titles. Moreover, they broadened the social base of the movement. The leaders like Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lajpat Rai attempted to bring into the Congress the mass of the population, i.e. the workers, peasants and youths.

3

The Causes of Radical Nationalism

The Famine and Plague. Worsening of The Economic

Conditions. Ill-treatment of Indians in South

Africa. International Events. Repressive Policies of Lord

Curzon. Partition of Bengal.

4

The Split In The Congress The Kolkata Session of the Congress in 1906 witnessed a sort of compromise between the moderates and the radical nationalists. Dadabhai Naroji had been specially called from England to preside over the Session. A split was feared but the personality of the

Grand Old Man prevented it from happening. ‘Swaraj’ was proclaimed by the Congress President as

the Goal of India.

5

Why Congress was split into two groups?

The Moderates were not happy with these

developments . They wanted to insert a Clause in the Congress Constitution that Swaraj was to be achieved through constitutional means. The radical nationalists, on the other hand, believed that

unless they put strong pressure on the government, they would never achieve their objective . That is why Congress got split next year.

6

The Surat Session

The radicals proposed the name of Lala LajpatRai as the President of the Surat Session. The Moderates proposed the name of Rash Bihari Ghosh. When the Session at Surat began on December 26, 1907, there was utter

confusion. It ended in a mess or failure. For nine years

theRadical Nationalists kept out of the congress.

7

Moderates Radical Nationalists

8

The Repressive measures of government

The radical nationalists suffered most for the cause of freedom. Since the movement for boycott of British goods was gaining ground, The government launched a campaign of repression. In 1908 Tilak was tried and sentenced to six years imprisonment. He was lodged in Burma’s Mandalay prison. Other leaders like Lajpat Rai and Sardar Ajit Singh were depoted to Burma without trial.

9

ACTS FUNCTION

The Seditious Meetings Act (1907)

The Newspaper Act (1908)

The District Magistrates

could prohibit the hold of

meetings.

Punishing those editors

whose papers contained

writings against British rule.

10

OBJECTIVES, PROGRAMME AND METHODS OF THE RADICAL NATIONALISTS.

11

Their Beliefs And Objectives.The Radical nationalists had no faith in the British sense of justice and fair play. They highlighted the deceit and treachery by means of which the British had conquered India. As regard the ultimate objective, the radical nationalists would not be satisfied with anything lower than Swaraj i.e., self government .

12

Their programs and methods. Revivalism

Swadeshi

Tilak revived the Shivaji festival in India.

Swadeshi was a weapon Which could stimulate India “ to produce everything for her requirements within her borders “. The swadeshi idea was popularised by occasional bonfires of foreign cloth, salt and sugar. The blazing flames were greeted by shouts of Bande Mataram!

13

Boycott

National

Education

Boycott meant far more

than a mere boycott of

British goods. It also

included the boycott of

government services,

honours and titles.

National Education

contains:

i> Secular ii> Religious

Education Education

iii>Political iv> Vocational

Education Education

14

Achievements of the radical nationalists : They lived a life given to utmost suffering and sacrifice. Self-reliance was the watch word of the radical

nationalists. The Swadeshi movement gave a great stimulus to

Indian industries. The Swdeshi was no longer an economic movement;

it had developed into a political weapon. They revived the ‘Shakti cult’ in India. The radical nationalists never bent to pressure of any

kind. The radical nationalists broadened the social base of

the movement by extending it to the masses– the peasants, workers, women and youths.

15

Difference between the moderates and the radical nationalists.

16

The Basic Beliefs:

The Moderates.The Radical Nationalists.

Moderates looked to

England for Inspiration

and guidance and also

had almost unlimited

faith in the British

goodness.

The radical nationalists

on the contrary, had a

great dislike for the

British.

17

The Ultimate Objective :

The ModeratesThe Radical Nationalists

Moderates talked of Swaraj as the goal of India, they meant it the same system of government as found in the self-governing British colonies. They had been agitating only for certain administrative and economic reforms.

The radical nationalists on contrary, did not aim at mere economic or administrative reforms. Their ideal was “absolute Swaraj”.

18

Their programme and methods of struggle.

The Moderates The radical Nationalists

The Moderates carried on their work by means of “petitions, appeals, resolutions, meetings and deputations”.

Radical Nationalists believed in Swadeshi and Boycott.

19

The Outstanding Leaders Of Radical Nationalism

20

Bal Gangadhar Tilak Born On : 23rd July, 1856. Scholarly Activities :• The Gita Rahasya.• The Orion.• The Arctic Home in the Vedas.

21

Tilak’s contribution to freedom struggle: His weeklies the Maharatta and Kesari made

bitter attacks on the government. In 1983 he started the celebration of Ganapati

festival in Maharashtra. Satisfied with the success of the festival, he revived the Shivaji festival in 1985.

He organized ‘ Akharas’ and ‘Lathi Clubs’ in Maharashtra to make the youths brave to defy the British Raj.

The year 1916 saw the establishment of the Home Rule Leagues in Madras and Maharashtra.

Gandhi laid great stress on prohibition, Swadeshi and Boycott. All these had been preached and practised by Tilak much before Gandhi did so.

22

Bipin Chandra Pal Born On : 7th November, 1858. Scholarly Activities :• The Spirit of Indian nationalism.

• The new Economic Menance to India.

23

Bipin Chandra’s contribution to freedom struggle: Bipin Chandra Pal made a forceful speech in which

he pleaded that the arms act should be repealed. He edited several newspapers, the most important

among them being ‘New India’ which he started in 1901.

During the Anti- Partition movement, he toured to several parts of the country and wherever he went he carried with him the massage of Boycott and Swadeshi.

He said that National Education will arouse nationalistic passions against the foreign rule.

Bipin Chandra did not support the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Gandhi in 1920.

24

Lala Lajpat Rai Born On : 28th January, 1865. Scholarly Activities :• Biographies of Mazzini.

• Swami Dayananda.

• Pandit Gurudatta.

• Magazine “Young India”.

25

Lala Lajpat’s contribution to freedom struggle: In 1905, Lajpat Rai, along with Gokhlae, went to England to persuade the British leaders not to give effect to the scheme of the Partition Of Bengal. During the Anti-Partition agitation he called upon men and women to fight repression with full strength. In 1907, Lala Lajpat Rai and Sardar Ajit Singh were convicted for seditious speeches. Lajpat Rai presided over the historic Kolkata Session of the Congress in 1920.It was at this session that a resolution on ‘Non-Cooperation’ was adopted by the Congress. He joined Pandit Mohan Malviya in forming the Nationalist Party. The party achieved significant electoral success in 1926. Lajpat Rai again got elected to the Central Assembly.He was the first Indian leader to have written about the problems of socialism and labour organization.

26

The Three Great Nationalists:Lal-Bal-Pal.

27

Quotes:

Bal Gangadhar Tilak: “Swaraj is my birth right and I will have

it”. Bipin Chandra Pal: “When Swadeshism associates itself with politics it becomes boycott and this boycott is a movement of passive resistance”. Lala Lajpat Rai: “Every blow of the lathi on my body would become a nail in the cofin of the British Empire”.

28