PRN-01~04-Fate of Coalition at Center

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Fate of Coalition government at Center

PresentationDiptendu Basu PRN-001

Kailas Awhad PRN-002

Rajeswari Jena PRN-003

Varsha Raykar PRN-004

Ex MBA-2012-14

You get the best out of others when you give the best of

yourself.

- Harvey Firestone

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Coalition Background

Understanding the Indian Political spectrum

Shift from Single party rule to coalition politics Lack of Differentiation in policies and Ideologies

UPA , NDA , LEFT Front , Regional coalitions

Understanding Coalition Era.

Compulsions of coalition

Fractured mandate Coalition is here to stay Common minimum program

Balancing Regional & National issues & priorities

Key Challenges deciding the Fate of Coalition

Challenge of Co-ordination & Collective responsibility

Managing differences on Key Policy matters

Party agenda & Regional Asmita overpowering National Agenda

Multiple Power centers - Policy Paralysis

Tarnished image Due to Inflation , Corruption charges

Growing Dissent amongst various sections of society

Comments on FATE OF UPA Coalition at center

Contents

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Coalition Politics is a time tested thing in Modern Democracy. The concept of Coalition

Politics draws its roots from the times when warring states sometimes used to ally with each other in

order to defeat of a common enemy one example beingThe Battle of The Red Cliffs (208/9 CE).

First instance of a Coalition Government was found to be the Delian League which existed

around 431 B.C. (Courtesy: Yahoo! Answers)

A coalition government, in a parliamentary system, is a government composed of a

coalition of parties. A coalition of parties is also an electoral fusion.

The Cambridge Dictionary defines coalition as: the union of different political parties or

groups for a particular purpose, usually for a limited time.

India got a taste of Coalition Politics at the state level when the Left front comprising of

Communist Party of India (CPI), CPI (Marxist) and others formed first ever Coalition Govt in West

Bengal with Mr. Jyoti Basu as the Chief Minister (succeeded by Mr. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee) which

lasted from more than 3 Decades-( defeated by Congress + TMC combine in 2009 )

Post Emergency , the Jay Prakash Narayan led Movement defeated the invincible congress

party First National coalition government was formed under the Prime Minister ship of Late Shri

Morarji Desai which existed from 24th March 1977 to 15th July 1979 headed by now an insignificant

Janata Party

Since 1996 Indian Politics has been dominated with Coalition Governments which by far have

been stable after a shaky start. The incumbent Prime Minister of India Dr. Manmohan Singh is heading a

coalition Government of 15 parties called the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) with Mrs. Sonia Gandhi,

being its Chairperson which has been elected for a second term in Office

Coalition- Background

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Coalition- Need and Approach

Individual Party

Share Power with like minded Parties.

Increase the support base by Govt Welfare schemes

Avoid Division of Votes during elections

Achieve Agenda in spite of limited strength

Influence the decisions of central Government.

Balance Role in Regional and National Political Arena

Coalition

Modeling Inclusive Behavior for emulation. Establishing long lasting relationship & trust

Developing awareness of Coalition Culture Dharma.

Higher Connect & Engagement amongst Support base

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Coalition- History in India

Indias shaky start to Coalition Politics:

Coalition Politics Started taking its roots in India during the 1990s. Post 1970s emergency period emergence of Janata Party

weakening of Indian National Congress, once undefeatable Political Party in India

Breaking up of the National Parties leading resurgence of Regional

Parties dominating the state-level politics.

1996-1999 4 Coalition Governments. - Era of instability

NDA Govt Headed by Atal Bihar Vajpayee 1996 fell after being just 13 days old.

Third Front Govt headed by Mr. H. D. Deve Gowda. June1996 to April 1997.

Third Front Govt headed by Mr. I. K. Gujral. April 1997

mid-term elections were called after Third Front governments failed twice.

Formation of NDA National Democratic Alliance headed by the BJP,

Shri A.B. Vajpayee was sworn in as the Prime Minister. Towards the end

of 1998 however, the AIADMKwithdrew its support from the 13-month old

government.

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Coalition- Maturing in India

India finally harnesses the coalition horse:

After 4 failed Coalition Governments and 2 mid-term elections, on October 13, 1999,

NDA alliance led by Shri A. B. Vajpayee won 303 / 543 seats in Lok Sabha, securing a

comfortable, stable majority. First Coalition Government to complete its full term of 5 years

the only non-Congress government to do so.

The National Democratic Alliance was widely expected to retain power after the 2004

general election. The parliament had been dissolved before the completion of term in order to

capitalize on the economic boom and improved security and cultural atmosphere. However, thecoalition sidestepped controversial and ideological questions in favors of bread-and-butter

economic issues during the campaign and subsequently lost almost half its seats, with several

prominent cabinet ministers being defeated.

The Indian National Congress, led by Mrs. Sonia Gandhi became the single largest

party and, along with many minor parties, formed the United Progressive Alliance. With the

conditional support of the leftist parties from the outside, the UPA formed a government underDr Manmohan Singh. The alliance completed a full term and remained in power after the 15th

General Elections in May 2009. Although the left now longer supports the UPA but with new

allies it has been able to extend its lead in the Lok Sabha.

India now looks forward to a stable future of Coalition Governments as

single-party majority seem to be a thing of the past now.

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United Progressive Alliance(UPA)coalition of center-left political parties in India. It was formed after the General

Election in 2004. At the time of its formation in 2004, it was led by the Indian NationalCongress (INC). The chairperson of the UPA is Sonia Gandhi. As of 2012, UPA heads

the government of India. The coalition is led by the INC, which is the single largest political

party in the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the parliament of India). The Prime Minister of

India, Manmohan Singh, and the Council of Ministers are drawn from members of the UPA.

current members for Lok-Sabha 2009

Indian National Congress - 206 Seats

All India Trinamool Congress - 19 Seats

Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam - 18 Seats

Nationalist Congress Party - 9 Seats

Rashtriya Lok Dal - 5 SeatsJ& K National Conference - 3 Seats

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha - 2 Seats

Indian Union Muslim League - 2 Seats

All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen - 1 Seats

Kerala Congress (Mani) - 1 Seats

Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi - 1 Seats

Supporting parties for Lok-Sabha 2009

Samajwadi Party - 23 Seat

Bahujan Samaj Party - 21 Seats

Rashtriya Janata Dal - 4 Seats

Janata Dal (Secular) - 3 Seats

Nagaland People's Front - 1 Seats

Bodoland People's Front - 1 Seats

Swabhimani Paksha - 1 Seats

Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi - 1 Seats

All India United Democratic Front - 1 Seats

Sikkim Democratic Front - 1 Seats

Current Coalition at Center in India

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UPA constituents and Loksabha seats

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Dwindling Support & reduced popularity

Credibility of Leadership tarnished due to smear campaign byOpposition led by BJP

Corruption Charges CAG Reports.

CWG Games SCAM , 2G Spectrum Report , Coal Block Allocation Report

Slow Down in Growth & Rupee Devaluation. S & P Down Grading

Growing Inflation & Fuel Prices.

Hostile Postures by Allies & supportersMamata Banerji the ever Disgruntled partner

DMK and NCP posturing in Dissenting styles

SP & BSP playing cards as per convenience

Challenges Faced by current UPA Government

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Liberalization & Disinvestment

FDI in Multi brand Retail , Insurance Sector etc

Sector Reforms : Nuclear Energy initiatives Stalled

Manrega Lobe sided Allocation of Funds to states

Foreign policyDistribution of Water with Bangladesh

Lokpal Controversy :

The Hoax of Federalism created by BJP and its Allies

Unable to pass the bill in Rajyasabha

Distribution of Natural Resources perceptional issues

2G Spectrum Coal Block Allocation

Increased Transgression ofCourts and Constitutional bodies like CAG inDay to Day Functioning and Policy making Role of the Executive, leading to

delayed decision making and Bureaucracy

Policy Paralysis UPA Government

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Allies shy of pulling trigger, help UPA government survive reform storm

Source Times of India 16th September

KOLKATA/LUCKNOW/NEW DELHI: In what can be a potential lifeline for the UPA, the SP

and the BSP indicated on Saturday that they were in no mood to pull the trigger on the

government for its decision to allow FDI in multi-brand retail, despite their professed anger overthe reform decisions and protests plans.

Talking to reporters in Lucknow, UP chief minister Akhilesh Yadav said that he would not

let the big foreign retailers set up shops in UP & his party joined the plan by other non-Congress

outfits to organize a countrywide shutdown to protest against the FDI in retail.

Significantly, he reiterated SP's objective to keep communal forces at bay: the political alibi that Shas used to bail the UPA government repeatedly out of tricky situations despite their

contradictions.

BSP leader Mayawati also referred to the "secular" logic as she came up with a

staggered deadline when reporters asked if she planned to review her support to the UPA

government. "We have extended issue-based support to the UPA to stop communal forces fromcoming to power, but we do not favor anti-people decisions like the hike in the prices of diesel

and LPG and FDI in retail. We demand revocation of these decisions. If UPA fails to do it, we will

take the final decision on extending support after our rally on October 9".

The seemingly open-ended response notwithstanding, observers felt that the long

window given by her will work to the advantage of UPA's crisis managers, who have time and

again proven their ability to bring SP and BSP around just after they appeared to have driftedaway.

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Allies shy of pulling trigger, help UPA government survive reform storm

Source Times of India 16th September

With a combined tally of 43 seats, the two UP players can be an effective buffer against

any drastic action by Banerji. However, there were indications that Trianmool was yet to take a

final decision on withdrawing its support to the UPA government.

West Bengal CM stayed away from the IIT-Kharagpur's convocation and took to streets

at the head of a huge procession which again pointed to her undiminished crowd-pulling ability.

"We don't want to topple the government. At the same time there is a ground rule in coalition

politics and one should not cross the Lakshmanrekha," she said.

Trinamool sources said that Banerjee was yet not decided on ending her support to

UPA, and may not go beyond pulling out her ministers from the government in case she feels that

her political inaction over the reform measures could work to the advantage of CPM. Her need fo

a financial package for West Bengal is another reason why she might like to calibrate her response

to the provocations from the Centre.

With Congress on the cusp of a political breakthrough, its spokesperson Chacko said the

resistance from allies posed no crisis to the government. Ruling out a rollback of the reforms

measures, he said that Congress president Sonia Gandhi has expressed full support to

government's decision on FDI in multi-brand retail. "The Prime Minister has full support of the

party on the issue," he added

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Coalition- Future

Future of Indian Coalition Politics:

Both Experts and Political Parties agree that the era of Coalition Politics has justbegun and its here to stay.

At the time when regional political parties are assuming significance and the days

of single party rule are over, there is no escape from coalition politics."says Mr.

Sharad Pawar, Union Agriculture Minister and President of the Nationalist Congress

Party. Experts say that Coalition Politics is result of rise of Regional Parties on agendas of

National Importance.

Growing importance of Regional Parties due to their success in articulating the

interests of the assertive backward castes and Dalits or untouchables.

These parties remain regional in terms of geographic location, but are national interms of issues relevant to the country as a whole.

Their role within the national coalition is also indicative of a more competitive and

polarized party system.

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Conclusion

The continuity of coalition governments (first under the NDA and later UPA)

confirms the decline of one party rule and rise of regional and smaller parties,

The shift from majoritarian political culture, based on the dominance of a singleparty led by a charismatic leader over a cluster of smaller parties , has been a

steady Process over 3 Decades.

Authoritarian Styles , Ignorance to the Regional Aspirations , Lack of

decentralization and Non - Participative leader ship styles have led to splitting of

Political parties and Emergence of Regional Parties. The Psyche of the Indian Voter has been to equally weight the Regional issues

and Local issues , which is evident from Voting patterns

Both the Coalitions have faced the problem of internal disputes due to

clustering of parties having differing manifestos.

For the sustenance of a stable future of Coalition Politics, the parties must keeptheir Common Minimum Program ahead of their own ideologies.

Probity in Public Life , Bold political reforms , steps to Clean the Rampant corrupt

practices and Emergence of Next Generation Leader ship reflecting the Modern

values of Growth , Equality and Meritocracy will decide the fate of Coalition & more

importantly how it shapes the Destiny of India by 2050

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Thank you