Private hospitals’ parking health care’s debated contribution in traffic congestion of dhaka city

Private Hospitals’ Parking: Health Care’s Debated Contribution in

Traffic Congestion of Dhaka City

Presenting author

Anutosh DasLecturer

Department of Urban & Regional Planning (URP)Rajshahi University of engineering & Technology (ruet)

International Conference on Planning, Architecture & Civil Engineering, 2017

9-11 February 2017, RUET, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

To identify the existing Parking Supply and Demand

characteristics of selected private hospitals in Dhaka city.

1Thursday, 09 February 2017

STUDY AREA PROFILE

Fig: Dhaka city map.2(Source :http://www.mayerdak.com/homeland/maps.htm)

Fig: Location map of Labaid Hospital

Thursday, 09 February 2017

3

Selection of the Project Topic

Formulation of objectives

Selection of the study area

Data collection

Final report

Final presentation

Literature review

Data analysis and interpretation

Preparation of final questionnaire

Secondary Data collectionPrimary Data collection

Preparation of draft questionnaire

Parking Usage Survey by Patrol

Parking Inventory Survey

METHODOLOGY

Fig : MethodologyThursday, 09 February 2017

4

EXISTING PARKING INVENTORYDesignated off- street parking

Name of the parking lot Capacity Parking alignment

Lab-aid Specialized Hospital 120 90 degree parking

Lab-aid Cardiac Hospital 70 90 degree parking

Lab-aid Diagnostic Hospital 75 90 degree parking

For first hour the parking charge for car and microbus is BDT 30.

Extra BDT 10 for each additional hour.

In reality a flat parking charge of BDT 30 is implied (for whole day long

parking).

Parking signage- Existed.


6

DESIGNATED OFF- STREET PARKING

(Source: Field survey,2014)Thursday, 09 February 2017

6

DESIGNATED OFF- STREET PARKING

Fig : Designated off- street Parking space in Labaid Hospital(Source: Field survey)Thursday, 09 February 2017

7

OFF- STREET PARKING SIGNAGE

Fig : Existing off- street parking signage in Labaid Hospital(Source: Field survey)Thursday, 09 February 2017

9

NON DESIGNATED ON- STREET PARKING


9

NON DESIGNATED OFF- STREET PARKING

Fig : Parallel parking in front of Labaid Hospital Fig : Parallel parking along Mirpur road in front of Labaid Hospital

PARALLEL PARKING

90 DEGREE PARKING

Fig : 90 degree parking in front of Labaid Hospital

(Source: Field survey)Thursday, 09 February 2017

11

PROHIBITED ON- STREET PARKING

Fig: Signage for prohibited on street parking in Labaid HospitalThursday, 09 February 2017

11

MODAL SHARE OF PARKED VEHICLE

car microbus CNG0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

Modal share of parked vehicles

on street

off street

Types of vehicles

per

cen

tage

Fig: Modal share of parked vehicle in Labaid Hospital


12

PARKING DEMAND & SUPPLY ANALYSISThursday, 09 February 2017

13

EXISTING AND REQUIRED PARKING SUPPLY

Name of the hospital

Total floor area(in square meter)

No. of floor

Existing parking area(in square meter)

Parking area required(in square meter)

Lab-aid Cardiac and diagnostic Hospital

9302 6

Lab-aid Specialized Hospital

7233 6

1550

1205

713

555

According to the “Building construction act, 1996” parking space will have to be at least 23 square meters for each 300 square meters of the total building area (Source: Housing and public work ministry, 1996).

So, Theoretically sufficient parking space is available in Lab-aid hospital.


14

EXPECTED NUMBERS OF VEHICLE TO BE PARKEDX=

Number of available parking space*survey period (in hour)*.85

Average parking duration (in hour)

(265*8*.85)

(.91) =

= 1980 vehicle

Here, X = Expected number of vehicle parked (off-street) within 8 hours.(Source: Akter, 2013)

Total number of vehicles by patrol usage survey = 429 vehicles (Source: field survey, 2014)

Difference from existing condition= (1980 - 429) vehicles = 1551 vehicles.

The existing supply of designated off – street parking space is adequate

to meet the demand of off- street parking. This is due to the very short

average parking duration.


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PARKING DEMAND – SUPPLY RATIOParking provision Total parked vehicle Average duration of

parking (in hours)

Parking load(vehicle-

hour)

Off-street 429 .91 390.39

On-street 421 .91 383.11

Total 773 vehicle-hour

Traffic load (Vehicle - hour) = [Total number of vehicles parked * average parking duration ] (Source: UIdaho, 2013 )

Table: Parking demand calculation

The available parking spaces (designated off- street parking space) =265

Parking capacity (supply parameter) = 265*.91 = 241 vehicle space-hour

Demand- supply ratio= 773/241 = 3.21

So the only existing designated off street parking is not adequate enough to meet the total demand of parking.


16

PARKING DEMAND AT DIFFERENT PERIODS OF TIME

Morning (9.00-12.00 a.m)

Noon (2.00-5.00 p.m) Evening(6.00-8.00 p.m)0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400 On street and off- street parking demand

Time period

Park

ing

dem

and

Morning (9.00-12.00 a.m) Noon (2.00-5.00 p.m) Evening(6.00-8.00 p.m)0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160On street and off- street parking demand (Per hour)

Time period

Park

ing

dem

and

(per

hou

r)

Demand (Off-street)

Demand (On-street)

Fig: Parking demand at different time over the study period

Demand (Off-street)

Demand (On-street)


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PARKING ACCUMULATION0

20

40

60

80Parking accumulation (Off- street)

Total parked vehicle

Average accumula-tion

Time

Tot

al p

arke

d ve

hicl

e

0102030405060708090 Parking accumulation (On- street)

Total parked ve-hicle

Average accumula-tion

Time

Tot

al p

arke

d ve

hicl

e

Fig: Parking Accumulation Thursday, 09 February 2017

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Morning (9.00-12.00 a.m) Noon (2.00-5.00 p.m) Evening(6.00-8.00 p.m)100

200

300

400

500

600

700614 619

591

Total parking demand and supply (including both on street and off- street )

Time period

Park

ing

dem

and

Parking Supply

The available parking space is not adequate to meet the current demand of parking

As the demand supply ratio is high average parking duration for each vehicle can be shortened to cope with the existing demand.

COMPARISON OF PARKING DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Fig: Parking Demand and Supply comparison


0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

Vehicle-hours of occupation (off-street)

Total Vehicle Parked

Vehicle-Hours of Occupation

Average Duration of parking (hour)

perc

enta

ge

19

Average parking duration of 50% vehicles (off-street) is 30 minutes.

VEHICLE-HOUR OF OCCUPATION

Fig: Vehicle-hour of occupation


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Total parking volume (in 8 hours) = 850 vehicle

Average volume of vehicular parking is 106.25/hour.

That means on an average in every hour 106 new vehicles come into this hospital.

Parking turnover = (total parked vehicle/ Total parking space available)

= (429/265)

= 1.62 vehicle per space

This turnover figure represents that available parking spaces are not used efficiently.

PARKING VOLUME AND PARKING TURNOVER


21

Average capacity used= 19.6%

Parking space used more than average in 6 p.m.-8 p.m.

Parking space is not efficiently used.

PARKING INDEX

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

Relationship of parking capacity and available parking space(Off-street)

Parking available

Parking used

Time interval

Perc

enta

ge o

f veh

icle

s

Average capacity used


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Almost one lane is covered by the on street parking

If on street parking prohibited then Volume-capacity ratio reduces around 40%. That means, capacity of the road increases.

VOLUME- CAPACITY RATIOEffective

Carriageway

Width (feet)

No. of lane

(assuming

12' per

lane width)

Standard

Capacity

per lane

(PCU)

Capacity

(PCUs/hr)

Service

Volume

(PCUs/hr)

(V/C)

Ratio

40 (with

parking)

3.33 1400 4662 1595 0.34

52 (without

parking)

4.33 1400 6062 1595 0.25

12' per lane width and a capacity of 1400 PCUs/hr for each lane is assumed for

the calculation of volume-capacity ratio (DITS, 1994).Fig: Calculation of volume- capacity ratio

(Haque et al, 2011)


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Instead of high demand, there is no provision of parking charge system.

Parking load and parking demand exceeds the parking supply.

Average duration for off street parking is high during day time .

Most of the time there are two rows vehicle parked.

Although Labaid have sufficient amount of parking provision, people

feel reluctant to use parking by paying parking charge.

Parking turnover is 1.62 that means, one parking space is used by

around 2 vehicles.

MAJOR FINDINGS


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On-Street parking should be banned and encourage of off-street parking

provision.

Parking bays should be provided in the underground .

Create new system or organization for managing “current parking assets.”

Off street parking charge should be low .

Increased on-street parking charge to encourage people from parking on

street.

Additional access parking can be provided to reduce entering problem.

Parking area should be improved in terms of ventilation and maintenance.

RECOMMENDATIONS


REFERENCES1. Akter, M., Akter,T., Aktaruzzaman and Hussain, A. (2013) “Review of on-Street

Parking Scenario of Motijheel Commercial Area (Dainik Bangla to Shapla Square)” Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners 6 173-180.

2. DITS. (1994). Greater Dhaka Metropolitan Area Integrated Transport Study: Working Paper 14 (Vol. 2). Government of Bangladesh Planning Commission, United Nations Development Program and Department of Development Support and Management Services.

3. Housing and public works ministry, Government of the people’s republic of Bangladesh (1996) “Building Construction Act”, URL: http://www.rajukdhaka.gov.bd/rajuk/page/web/devcontrol/building_Act_1996.pdf accessed on 7 November 2014.

4. Haque, A. Hira, S. Hassan. F, Hossain, R. (2011), “An Assessment of the Quality of Intra Urban Bus Services in Dhaka City”, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Bangladesh University of Engineering and technology.

5. UIdaho (2013). “Parking Studies”, URL: http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/ niatt_labmanual/Chapters/parkinglotdesign/theoryandconcepts/ParkingStudies.htm accessed on 6/11/2014.

25Thursday, 09 February 2017

THANK YOU

Private hospitals’ parking health care’s debated contribution in traffic congestion of dhaka city

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