Privacy in India: Attitudes and Awareness V 2.0

Privacy in India: Attitudes and Awareness V 2.0

NWIS, JIIT, 2015

Ponnurangam Kumaraguru (“PK”), Niharika Sachdeva

December 23, 2015

precog.iiitd.edu.in 2

Who am I? Ph.D. student at CERC@IIIT-Delhi TCS (TATA Consultancy Services) Ph.D. fellow Done work in computer mediated

communication and usable security Research interests

- Usable security and privacy- Collaboration and communication- Human computer interaction


Teachers OSM program

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Suported by


Dr. Alan F. Westin - Inspiration

“The right to be left alone.”

Dr. Westin was cited as one of the first scholars to recognize the threats of modern technology and as one of the first to present a measured philosophy in a debate often charged with emotion and ideology.

Washington Post

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Young Girls Arrested

8

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Class XI Student Jailed

9

Family: Just SHARED it and not Posted it!


Blackmailing Teens


Why study Privacy perceptions? Bring citizens’ concerns about privacy

protection issues on the table Understand information gaps prevalent

among citizens Authorities are relatively unknown to most

of the citizens’ views


Released on Nov 22, 2012


Motivation for this research

Understand the privacy status may help in decision making in India

- Government policies- Industry plans

Positioning India in the global map of privacy discussions

- Empirical data


20 Interviews 4 FGDs

10,427 Surveys

Methodology

18 months!

0.08

7.73

0.14

7.101.10

6.88

0.28

8.14

1.96

8.58

0.52

0.21

0.74

3.19

9.38

0.350.03

0.04

0.25

2.94

11.290.02

8.57

0.05

9.39

9.530.21

0.17

9.390.48

0.020.03

0.010.08

Sample


Demographics

Gender (N= 10,232)Male 67.57

Female 32.43

Age (N=10,350)<18 1.54

18-24 21.3125-29 32.2030-39 25.9040-49 14.0950-64 4.4665+ 0.50

Age


Topics of Study General privacy Mobile phones Internet and social media Financial privacy Government privacy


Mobile Privacy (Q14) Strongly

agreeAgree Total

Mobile service providers give reasonable protection for the information they collect (N = 10,379)Phone conversations can be tapped by mobile service providers in national interest (N = 10,363) Mobile service providers can share the customer’s information with government organization when required, even without informing the customers (N = 10,366)



agreeAgree Total

Mobile service providers give reasonable protection for the information they collect (N = 10,379) 13.52 49.69 63.21Phone conversations can be tapped by mobile service providers in national interest (N = 10,363) Mobile service providers can share the customer’s information with government organization when required, even without informing the customers (N = 10,366)



agreeAgree Total

Mobile service providers give reasonable protection for the information they collect (N = 10,379) 13.52 49.69 63.21Phone conversations can be tapped by mobile service providers in national interest (N = 10,363) 20.64 47.53 68.71Mobile service providers can share the customer’s information with government organization when required, even without informing the customers (N = 10,366) 20.01 47.40 67.41


Mobile privacy What information is stored in mobile phone 60% store ‘videos, photographs’, 30% store PAN and ID

number, and 26% store credit card, ATM, and PIN numbers (Q12, N = 5,925)

63% mentioned privacy as the main reason for not storing personal information on their mobile phones (Q12, N = 5,925)


Internet & Social MediaWhat do you feel about privacy of your personal information on your OSN?

Q42, N = 6,855It is not a concern at all Since I have specified my privacy settings, my data is secure from a privacy breach

Even though, I have specified my privacy settings, I am concerned about privacy of my data It is a concern, but I still share personal information It is a concern; hence I do not share personal data on OSN



Q42, N = 6,855It is not a concern at all Since I have specified my privacy settings, my data is secure from a privacy breach 42.13

Even though, I have specified my privacy settings, I am concerned about privacy of my data It is a concern, but I still share personal information It is a concern; hence I do not share personal data on OSN



Q42, N = 6,855It is not a concern at all 19.30 Since I have specified my privacy settings, my data is secure from a privacy breach 42.13

Even though, I have specified my privacy settings, I am concerned about privacy of my data 23.84 It is a concern, but I still share personal information 8.02 It is a concern; hence I do not share personal data on OSN 6.71


Internet & Social MediaReading privacy policy while creating an account (Q39, Q40, Q51)

e-commerce (N=7,814)

email (N=7,836)

OSN (N=6,890)

Yes, I doI browse through it Never Don’t remember




email (N=7,836)

OSN (N=6,890)

Yes, I do 34.00 34.48 46.33I browse through it Never Don’t remember




email (N=7,836)

OSN (N=6,890)

Yes, I do 34.00 34.48 46.33I browse through it 33.91 31.20 27.45Never 24.29 27.63 18.3Don’t remember 6.99 6.29 7.92


Internet & Social MediaIf you receive a friendship request on your most frequently used OSN, which of the following people will you add as friends?

Q43, N = 6,929Person of opposite genderPeople from my hometownPerson with nice profile pictureStrangers (people you do not know)Somebody, whom you do not know or recognize but have mutual / common friends withAnyone



Q43, N = 6,929Person of opposite genderPeople from my hometownPerson with nice profile picture 10.12Strangers (people you do not know)Somebody, whom you do not know or recognize but have mutual / common friends withAnyone



Q43, N = 6,929Person of opposite gender 19.51People from my hometownPerson with nice profile picture 10.12Strangers (people you do not know)Somebody, whom you do not know or recognize but have mutual / common friends withAnyone 2.99



Q43, N = 6,929Person of opposite gender 19.51People from my hometown 27.39Person with nice profile picture 10.12Strangers (people you do not know) 4.99Somebody, whom you do not know or recognize but have mutual / common friends with 8.31Anyone 2.99


Internet & Social Media If you receive a friendship request on your most

frequently used OSN, which of the following people will you add as friends?

Female Male Total Difference

Person of opposite gender 4.68 14.46 19.14 -9.78People from my hometown 7.16 19.73 26.89 -12.57Person with nice profile picture 2.02 7.94 9.96 -5.92Strangers (people you do not know) 1 3.85 4.85 -2.85Somebody, whom you do not know or recognize but have mutual / common friends with 2.28 5.93 8.21 -3.65Anyone 0.75 2.21 2.96 -1.46


Internet & Social MediaDo you think it is possible for somebody to steal your identity on your social network website i.e. create a profile with your name, pictures and details?

Q50, N = 6,882Yes, it is possible, but it has never happened to me Yes, it is possible, and it has happened to me No, it is not possible

Don’t know


Internet & Social MediaDo you think it is possible for somebody to steal your identity on your social network website i.e. create a profile with your name, pictures and details?

Q50, N = 6,882Yes, it is possible, but it has never happened to me

60.39

Yes, it is possible, and it has happened to me 24.03

No, it is not possible 10.07

Don’t know 5.51


GovernmentDo we have privacy laws in India that protect Indian citizens’ privacy?

Response (N=10,380)YesNoNot sure


GovernmentDo we have privacy laws in India that protect Indian citizens’ privacy?

Response (N=10,380)Yes 49.02No 27.37Not sure 23.61


Online data sharing What are your privacy concerns while exchanging /

saving personal information through email services?

Female Male DifferenceI have no concerns; 13.66 21.73 -8.08I believe that the privacy of my data is maintained 41.72 40.03 1.69I am concerned, but I do not have a choice 22.88 21.92 0.96I am concerned so I don't save/exchange 17.15 13.29 3.86Don’t know 4.59 3.03 1.57Total 100 100


Friendship requests on OSN If you receive a friendship request on your most

frequently used OSN, which of the following people will you add as friends? (Normalized results)

Female Male DifferencePerson of opposite gender 14.09 22.20 -8.11People from my hometown 21.57 30.29 -8.72Person with nice profile picture 6.09 12.19 -6.1Strangers (people you do not know) 3 5.92 -2.91

Somebody, whom you do not know or recognize but have mutual / common friends with 6.87 9.11 -2.23Anyone 2.26 3.39 -1.13


Females more phone savvy Q11) What is the personal information which you

don’t mind storing in your mobile phone?

Female Male DifferenceBusiness related information (meeting details) 24.44 24.81 -0.38Credit card number(s) / ATM card number(s) / PIN number(s) 32.66 23.16 9.5Information e.g. date of birth, PAN number, ID number, account number 34.01 28.77 5.24Password(s) 30.29 22.33 7.96Videos, photographs, etc. 60.59 66.67 -6.08


Female trust mobile service providers Q17. While exchanging information on mobile phone, what

according to you, is the extent of confidentiality provided by the mobile service provider for information being exchanged?

Female Male DifferenceVery high 15.55 9.54 6.02High 35.66 38.51 -2.85Neutral 26.01 23.86 2.14Low 9.47 9.69 -0.22Very low 1.35 1.85 -0.49I don't know 11.96 16.55 -4.59Total 100 100


Females more Conscious Gender based privacy analysis


18-24 Q2. Which of the following information is

personal to you, that you would NOT like to share? (Choose all that apply)

25-29 18-24 DifferenceEmail address 4.1 12.18 -8.08Family details 9.75 26.64 -16.89Landline number 8.27 18.05 -9.78Marital status 3.68 6.77 -3.09Mobile number 11.68 26.91 -15.23Pictures and videos featuring self 13.73 37.18 -23.45Physical details e.g. height, weight, eye colour 7.24 11.41 -4.17


25-29 Q2. Which of the following information is

personal to you, that you would NOT like to share? (Choose all that apply)

25-29 18-24 DifferenceAnnual house hold income 54.1 38.64 15.46Passport number 72.27 45.86 26.41Passwords 92.52 78.45 14.07Personal income 66.6 41.59 25.01


18-24 more worried about Public place privacy Q5. Imagine you are walking through a shopping mall,

where you observe a camera capturing the movements of people in the shops, what would be your reaction?

25-29 18-24 DifferenceI would not change my actions 47.12 42.38 4.74I would try to avoid the camera 31.14 18.84 12.3I would never go to the shopping mall again 11.29 6.09 5.2If at all, a camera captures my movements, I would be curious to know the reasons for capturing the video 10.17 30.7 -20.53


25-29 more concerned about OSN privacy Q42. What do you feel about privacy of your

personal information on your OSN?

25-29 18-24It is not a concern at all 23.62 11.8 11.82Since I have specified my privacy settings, my data is secure from a privacy breach 44.47 40.45 4.02Even though, I have specified my privacy settings, I am concerned about privacy of my data 20.55 29.08 -8.53It is a concern, but I still share personal information 8.16 7.64 0.52It is a concern; hence I do not share personal data on OSN 3.2 11.03 -7.83

Total 100 100


Takeaways! Awareness about privacy issues has increased Awareness of financial privacy is high Many misconceptions about privacy Service providers are reliable Awareness of privacy in OSN is more than e-

commerce Trust in Government has reduced Results can be used to build better policies

and technologies


Bibliography Kumaraguru, P., and Cranor, L. Privacy in India: Attitudes and Awareness. In Proceedings

of the 2005 Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET2005) (2005) Kumaraguru, P., and Capkun, S. Home is safer than the cloud! privacy concerns for

consumer cloud storage. In Proceeding of Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS) (2011).

The world factbook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/in.html.

Bellman, S., Johnson, E. J., Kobrin, S. J., and Lohse, G. L. International Differences in Information privacy concerns: A global survey of consumers. The Information Society 20 (2004), 313 – 324.

Bhupta, M. Privacy on sale. India Today International. Boni, M. D., and Prigmore, M. Cultural Aspects of Internet Privacy. In Proceedings of the

UKAIS 2002 Conference (2002). Celenet. Payment in India is going e-way. http://www.celent.com/reports/payments-

india-going-e-way. Cranor, L. F., Reagle, J., and Ackerman, M. S. Beyond Concern: Understanding Net Users’

Attitudes About Online Privacy. Tech. rep., Retrieved June 18, 2005, http://www.research.att.com/resources/trs/TRs/99/99.4/99.4.3/report.htm, September 25- 27, 1999.


Things to do Check out our complete report on http

://precog.iiitd.edu.in/research/privacyindia/ Tweet as “http://bit.ly/privacyindia

@ponguru #privacyindia12” Ask your friends and family; let us know, if

they agree with our results

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http://precog.iiitd.edu.in/research/privacyindia/[email protected]

Niharika SachdevaPhD Research Scholar

Indraprastha Institute of Information TechnologyNew Delhi

[email protected]/people/niharika

Privacy in India: Attitudes and Awareness V 2.0

Engineering