Printing Certification Schemes 1 Copyright 2014 RIT – May not be reproduced without permission Printing Certification Schemes R. Chung, Professor Printing certification schemes are market-driven and are regional. How can certification schemes be promoted and harmonized worldwide? Copyright 2014 RIT – May not be reproduced without permission Contents ! Certification ! Printing certification schemes around the world – Memberbody – Private brand ! WG13 task force ! PSA, G7, and PSO 2 Printing Industry Conformity Certification Activities Certification Schemes Certification Bodies, auditors Printing Associations, consultants Printers Repeatable Color Print Buyers Predictable Color ISO/TC130/WG3 Process Control Standards Product Conformance Standards Applicable Technical Standards ISO/TC130/WG13 Basic Principles Management System Requirements Conformity Assessment Requirements
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Printing Certification Schemes 1
Copyright 2014 RIT – May not be reproduced without permission
Printing Certification Schemes R. Chung, Professor
Printing certification schemes are market-driven and are regional. How can certification schemes be promoted and harmonized worldwide?
Copyright 2014 RIT – May not be reproduced without permission
Contents
! Certification
! Printing certification schemes around the world – Memberbody
– Private brand
! WG13 task force
! PSA, G7, and PSO
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Printing Industry
Conformity Certification Activities
Certification Schemes
CertificationBodies, auditors
PrintingAssociations, consultants
PrintersRepeatable Color
Print BuyersPredictable Color
ISO/TC130/WG3
Process Control
Standards
Product Conformance
Standards
ApplicableTechnicalStandards
ISO/TC130/WG13
Basic Principles
ManagementSystem
Requirements
ConformityAssessment
Requirements
Printing Certification Schemes 2
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Certification
! Certification refers to the confirmation of certain characteristics of a process. – It is the result of an audit process, not self-examination.
! It’s a business issue – Printing certification enables print supplier chains. – Certifications are issued by certification bodies who are
creditable, independent, and unbiased.
! It’s a standardization issue – Different standards specify printing aims, tolerances, and test methods differently.
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Printing Certification Schemes
! Certification refers to the confirmation of certain characteristics of a process. – It is the result of an audit process carried out by a certification
body.
! Different types of product certification schemes – Type 1a - Calibration only, no production variation, e.g., G7
– Type 3 - Calibration, production variation, and surveillance, e.g., PSO, PSA
– Type 5 - Calibration, production variation, surveillance, and QMS, e.g., BPiF
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Printing Certification Schemes 3
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Printing Certification Schemes
! Certification scheme is a set of requirements, rules, and procedures that apply to specified products. – Scheme owner is a person or organization responsible for
developing and maintaining a specific certification scheme. – Scheme can be institutional (Fogra PSO, Ugra PSO, PSA, G7,
! Certification scheme contains the following parts: (a) selection, (b) determination, (c) review, (d) decision, (e) attestation, and (f) surveillance
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Printing Certification
! There are many printing certification schemes in the world. Scheme owners can be an individual, an industry association, or an institution.
! Certification scheme contains the following parts: (a) selection, (b) determination, (c) review, (d) decision, (e) attestation, and (f) surveillance.
! Certification body performs the certification audit. A certification body may be accredited to deminstrate its competence.
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Printing Certification Schemes 4
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WG13 Task Force
! 2011 workshop a) Do we want WG13 to develop conformance assessment
guidelines for all TC130 standards or b) Do we want each WG to develop its own conformance
assessment requirements?
– Option a (4) – Option b (5) – Option a and b (16) – Abstain (7)
! 2014 workshop – How to promote certification and harmonize printing
certification activities worldwide?
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Printing Certification Schemes 8
! WG13 memberbodies and their certification schemes – Brazil - NBR – China – (none) – France – (none) – Germany - PSO – Italy – cmyQ and CerPrint – Japan - JapanColor – Netherlands - SCGM – Sweden - CGP – Switzerland - PSO – UK - BPiF – USA – G7 and PSA
Printing Certification Schemes 5
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– SID in Germany (Sachsisches Institut für Druck): www.sidleipzig.de
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Printing Certification -- Brazil
! Certified printers in Brazil – Newspaper (5) – Security printing (10) – ISO 12647-2 (2) – ISO 9001 (6)
! Brazilian certification body, ABTG, develops certification schemes and provides training for specific sectors, e.g., security printing, newspaper.
! Bruno Mortara, Technical Director, ABTG – Companies that look for certification are big offset printers driven
by market recognition.
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Printing Certification Schemes 6
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Printing Certification -- China
! Certified printers in China (2014) – G7 Master (199), G7 PC Master (2) – PSA Certified (3), Fogra PSO Certified (3), Ugra PSO Certified (1) – GMI Certified (217)
! Chinese printing industry does not have its own certification body and certification scheme.
– Certified printers are driven by customer requirements and operational efficiency.
! Brenda Pang, Executive Director, APTEC – APTEC conducts training programs and standardization
workshops to experts, printers, designers, publishers, and print buyers, to promote certification.
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Printing Certification -- France
! French printing industry does not have its own certification body and certification scheme. – Quality and automation are key to printer’s survival.
! French printing industry association, UNIC, launched ISO12647 Standardization initiative “Gap Analysis Audit” in 2013. – 50 French printers were selected to participate. – 12 printers completed implementation of GAA recommendations.
! Elie Khoury, CEO, Alwan Colour – Certification bodies need to find a suitable business model in order
to sustain in the future.
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Printing Certification Schemes 7
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Printing Certification -- Germany
! PSO certified printers – Germany (203) – All (320)
! BVDM and Fogra developed PSO scheme in 2004. – It is targeted to companies of different sizes as long as they
have at least one four-colour printing press. – German printing industry are well informed about the value of
certification.
! Karl Meinecke, BVDM – Adhere to one ISO standard is a way of harmonizing printing
certification worldwide.
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Printing Certification -- Italy
! Certified printers in Italy – CertiPrint by Studio Xilox (6), cmyQ by TUV sud (4) – PSO Fogra (7), PSO Ugra (1)
! More than 300 Italian printers working with the standards every day without being certified. – Certification is perceived only having marketing value.
! Carlo Carnelli, Consultant – The printing market, perhaps, needs a scheme with a minimum
set of rules where each stakeholder is able to guarantee basic results to its customers, not limited to colour aspect.
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Printing Certification Schemes 8
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Printing Certification -- Japan
! Certified printers in Japan – Offset printing – ISO 12647-2 (164) – Color matching JapanColor dataset (38) – Proofing system (vendor) – ISO 12647-7 (74) – Proofing process management (prepress) (72)
! Japan certification body (JPMA)
! Michio Haibara, Dai Nippon Printing – The number of certified printers, systems, and design/prepress
houses are increasing since 2012. – Colour matching certificate is available at least 4-months after
the Offset printing certificate.
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Printing Certification -- Netherlands
! Certified printers in the Netherlands and Belgium – SCGM (37) – The number of certified printers declined since 2009 to date.
! Reasons for the decline – Bankruptcy/merger of certified companies – Some printers chose not to renew – Some printers failed in the re-certification process – Some printers chose other certification schemes
! Wilco De Groot, Managing Director, IGT – Misinformed experts and confusing documents and standards
are also responsible for the decline.
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Printing Certification Schemes 9
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Printing Certification -- Sweden
! Certified printers in Sweden – CGP, Certified Graphic Arts Production (16)
! The total number of printers in Sweden has decreased.
! Paul Lindström, Digitaldots – A standard certification scheme better serves the market than too
many certification schemes.
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! Certified Ugra PSO printers outside Switzerland – France (43), Germany (3) – Australia (3), India (3), The Netherlands (3)
! Erwin Widmer, Ugra – Educating print buyers is the most effective way to promote and
propagate certification in the printing industry.
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Printing Certification Schemes 10
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Printing Certification -- UK
! Certified printers in UK – BPiF scheme (?) – Mellow Colour (?)
! Printed Media Certification (PMC) is a certification body in UK.
! Jon Stack, Director of Printed Media Certification – 80~85% companies fail in their first evaluation against the BPiF
scheme. – Staff's lack of training is the most problematic issue.
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Printing Certification -- USA
! Certified PSA printers (3)
! Certified printers under G7 brands – System Certification Programs (155) – G7 Masters in 16 countries (1,138) – G7 PC (Process Control) Masters in 3 countries (22)
! David Steinhardt, CEO, IDEAlliance – IDEAlliance G7 model has been successful because
- Using experts, i.e., trained consultants, to work directly with printers - Providing training and disseminating best practices in their workflows - Keeping the certification schemes simple and affordable - Provides training for print buyers and brand owners since their needs
are the greatest motivation for printers to get certified.
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Printing Certification Schemes 11
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PSA Scheme
! PSA is a printing certification scheme based on ISO 15339-1, ANSI CGATS.21, and CGATS TR 016.
! PSA milestone events 2009 – The U.S. printing industry asked RIT to develop a rigirous printing certification program 2010 – RIT conducted a printing standards survey 2011 – ISO/DIS 15339 under development 2012 – CGATS TR016 published; RIT launched PSA for offset 2013 – Three printers in the Greater China became PSA certified 2014 -- ISO/FDIS 15339 ballot failed to pass 75% 2014 -- CGATS revised TR016; RIT launched PSA for digital printing based on CGATS TR016 (2014)
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PSO Scheme – ‘O’ for Offset
! PSO is a publication by bvdm.
! PSO is a methodology that allows the operation and the maintenance of print production processes in order to achieve standardized and stable production.
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Printing Certification Schemes 12
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PSO Milestone Events
! Introduced to the European market in 2003
! Aims and tolerances are based on ISO 12647-2. – Solid color, TVI, and Midtone spread
! Printer specifies workflow to be audited. – Fogra or Ugra and their PSO partners perform on-site audits
! PSO certified printers are mainly in Europe, some in Asia, none in the U.S.
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PSO and PSA
! Can the two schemes co-exist in one workflow? – PSO scheme focuses on what printer wants, i.e., process control
conformity. – PSA scheme focuses on what print buyer wants, i.e., color
conformity.
Job Data(3-channel
or4-channel)
Reference Dataset
Printing
Color Management
Color Control
Bar / RIP
Color Management
(optional)
Print Buyer and Designer
Proof
Process Control!
Product Conformity!
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G7 Scheme
! G7 is a neutrality-based press calibration method. – Neutrality-based aims are based
on CGATS TR 015. - Input includes a set of pre-
determined CMY (TV) triplets, paper color, K solid, and CMY solid.
- Tonal aims are in terms of NPD (neutral print density) and CIELAB.
- Gray reproduction aims are in terms of substrate-corrected gray ramp CIELAB.
TV
TVI K(eq.16)
Yr K(eq. 13)
NPD of K (TV)(eq. 11 & 12)
CIE_XYZ of K(Annex C)
CIE_Lab of K(Annex C)
CIE_X'Y'Z' of K(Annex C)
NPD of CMY (TV)(eq. 4 & 5)
CIE_XYZ of CMY(Annex C)
CIE_Lab of CMY(Annex C)
CIE_X'Y'Z' of CMY(Annex C)
TVI CMY(eq.10)
Yr CMY(eq. 6)
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Printing Certification Schemes 14
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G7 Scheme - Calibration
! Press calibration begins with printing the P2P target under typical ink-paper-press conditions (Run 1).
! Measure the target, construct and print with G7 curves (Run2).
Run 1 Run 2
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G7 Scheme - Calibration
! G7 tolerances are based on IDEAlliance G7 Pass/Fail Criteria (see case study).
! TR015 is used to establish the aim tone reproduction of characterization data sets. – TR015 have no tolerances.
Run 1 Run 2
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Printing Certification Schemes 15
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G7, PSO, and PSA
! PSA focuses on conformance to color characterization dataset which requires press calibration (TVI, neutrality), device link, and process control.
! PSO focuses on conformance to process control aims in terms of paper color, solids, and TVI.
! G7 focuses on conformance to process control aims in terms of neutrality and tone reproduction.
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G7, PSO, and PSA
! PSA focuses on dataset conformance with substrate correction to reconcile the difference between reference white point and the printing paper. – Press calibration and process control are responsibility of the
printer. – SCCA addresses print buyer's OBA preference. Thus,
increasing its real-world applicability.
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Printing Certification Schemes 16
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Conclusions
! WG13 is aimed at developing conformity assessment framework that the printing industry stakeholders can understand and use.
! Certification schemes are developed by industry associations and certification bodies.
! The more geographically distributed a printing operation is, the more compelling the benefits of printing certification becomes.
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