Print

PRINT By BROOKE MARQUER

Hand printing

screen print, Linocut etching

woodcut, lithography

Etching •  In the working of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the un maintained parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio in

the metal the original process of the working —in modern manufacturing other chemicals may be used on other types of

material.

•Basic’s •In pure etching, it’s easy to say a metal usually copper, zinc or steel plate is covered with a waxy ground which is resistant to acid to make it more easier.The artist then scratches off the

ground with a pointed etching needle most of the time where he or she wants a line to appear in the finished piece, so exposing

the bare metal. The echoppe, a tool with a slanted oval section, is also used for "swelling" lines.

Linocut • inocut is a print making technique, a variant of woodcut in which

a sheet of linoleum sometimes mounted on a wooden block is used for the relief surface. A design is cut into the linoleum surface with a sharp knife, V-shaped chisel or gouge, with the raised uncarved areas representing a reversal (mirror image) of the parts to show printed.

• Most of the time due to ease of use, linocut is widely used in schools to introduce children to the art of printmaking, using it to complete many tasks in the art lessons rather than going straight for the pencil and eraser; similarly, non-professional artists often cut lino rather than wood for printing it makes it a lot easier..

Screen Printing • Screen printing is a simple basic technique that some people may

use a woven cloth to support an ink- blocking stencil to get the image you may need or wanted.

• Screen printing is also a stencil method of print making in which a design is imposed on a screen of polyester or other fine mesh, with blank areas coated with an impermeable substance. Ink is forced into the mesh openings by the fill blade or squeegee and onto the printing surface during the squeegee stroke. as the screen rebounds away from the substrate the ink remains on the substrate. It is also known as silkscreen, serigraphy, and serigraph printing to make it easier for people to understand and use.

• One colour is printed at a time, so several screens can be used to produce a multi-coloured image or design.

•

Woodcut• Originally known as xylography—is a relief printing artistic

technique in print-making in which an image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface while the non-printing parts are removed, typically with gouges.

• Lots of different colours doubled also which they did can be printed by keying the paper to a frame around the woodblocks where a different block is used for each colour. The art of carving the woodcut can be called xylography, but this is rarely used in English for images alone, although that and xylographic are used in connection with block-books, which are small books containing text and images in the same block. Single-leaf woodcut is a term for a woodcut presented as a single image or print, as opposed to a book illustration.

lithography• Lithography originally used an image drawn with oil, fat, or

wax onto the surface of a smooth, level lithographic limestone plate. The stone was treated with a mixture of acid and gum arabic, etching the portions of the stone which were not protected by the grease-based image. When the stone was subsequently moistened, these etched areas retained water; an oil-based ink could then be applied and would be repelled by the water, sticking only to the original drawing.

•  The ink would finally be transferred to a blank paper sheet, producing a printed page which it will be on. This traditional technique is still used in some fine art print-making applications.

Mechanical Printing • This is were you put the paper in the machine then you press print

from a computer and it will send it straight to the machine and all you have to do is collect it. It’s one of the most simplest one you can get and can do it’s very easy to understand and it does the job better then some of the others because it gets the full picture.

Letter press printing

• Letterpress printing it is known as a technique of relief printing using a printing press which mainly a worker composes and locks movable type into the bed of a press, inks it, and presses paper against it to transfer the ink from the type which creates an impression on the paper.

• In practice which some users who use it do letterpress also includes other forms of relief printing with printing presses, such as wood engravings, photo-etched zinc cuts plates, and linoleum blocks, which can be used alongside metal type in a single operation, as well as stereotypes and electrotypes of type and blocks. With certain letterpress units to make it clearer for people it is also possible to join movable type with slugs cast using hot metal typesetting.

Gravure • Rotogravure (Roto or Gravure for short) is a type of intaglio

printing process, which involves engraving the image onto an image carrier. In gravure printing, the image is engraved onto a cylinder because, like offset printing and flexography, it uses a rotary printing press. Once a staple of newspaper photo features, the rotogravure process is still used for commercial printing of magazines, postcards, and corrugated (cardboard) product packaging

Screen printing • Screen printing  is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil to

receive a desired image. The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink or

other printable materials which can be pressed through the mesh as a sharp-edged image onto a substrate. A fill blade or squeegee is moved

across the screen stencil, forcing or pumping ink through the mesh openings to wet the substrate during the squeegee stroke. Basically, it is the

process of using a mesh-based stencil to apply ink onto a substrate, whether it be t-shirts, posters,

stickers, vinyl, wood, or other material.

Digital printing • Digital printing refers to methods of printing from a digital-based

image directly to a variety of media. It usually refers to professional printing where small-run jobs from desktop publishing and other digital sources are printed using large-format and/or high-volume laser orink-jet printers.

Photo copier • A photocopier  (also known as a copier or copy machine) is

a machine that makes paper copies of documents and other visual images quickly and cheaply. Most current photocopiers use

a technology called xerography, a dry process that uses electrostatic charges on a light sensitive photoreceptor to first

attract and then transfer toner particles (a powder) onto paper in the form of an image.

Laser printing • Laser printing is an electrostatic digital printing process that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics by passing a laser beam over a charged drum to define a differentially charged image.

•  The drum then selectively collects charged toner and transfers the image to paper, which is then heated to permanently fix the image. As with digital photocopiers and multifunction printers laser printers employ axerographic printing process, but differ from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of the medium across the printer's photoreceptor. Hence, it proves to be a much faster process compared to the latter

Inkjet printing • Inkjet printing  is a type of computer printing that creates

a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper, plastic, or other substrates. Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer,[ and range from small inexpensive consumer models to very large professional machines that can cost tens of thousands of dollars, or more.

Desktop publishing • Desktop publishing (abbreviated DTP) is the creation of

documents using page layout skills on a personal computer. Desktop publishing software can generate layouts and produce typographic quality text and images comparable to traditional typography and printing. This technology allows individuals, businesses, and other organizations to self-publish a wide range of printed matter. Desktop publishing is also the main reference for digital typography. When used skillfully desktop publishing allows the user to produce a wide variety of materials, frommenus to magazines and books, without the expense of commercial printing.