principles of teaching Direct method 1

KandaharKandahar University UniversityFaculty of Faculty of training and teaching training and teaching

English literature departmentEnglish literature department

THE DIRECT METHOD IN LANGUAGE TEACHINGTHE DIRECT METHOD IN LANGUAGE TEACHING

Abdul Ali Aloko (AAA)Abdul Ali Aloko (AAA)Nazir Ahmad salihiNazir Ahmad salihi

Basharatullah Behazad Basharatullah Behazad Mahamadullah Mahamadullah

(AAA)(AAA)December 2014December 2014

prepared by Abdul Ali Aloko (AAA)

THE DIRECT METHOD

The Direct Method of language teaching is also called:


THE DIRECT METHOD

The Direct Method was developed by Maximilian Berlitz towards the end of the 19th century as a reaction to the Grammar Translation Method.


THE DIRECT METHOD

The Direct Method is named “direct” because meaning should be connected directly with the target language without translation into the native language.


THE DIRECT METHOD

Basically, the Direct Method aims to provide language learners with a practically useful knowledge of language. Knowing a language is being able to speak it.


THE DIRECT METHOD

This method argues that a foreign language can be taught without translation, unlike the argument of the Grammar-Translation Method.


THE DIRECT METHOD

Rather than translating the teaching material, the teacher is expected to directly use the target language in class because a language can best be taught by using it actively in the classroom.


THE DIRECT METHOD

The teacher should not explain but associate the meaning through action and demonstration.


THE DIRECT METHOD

In this way, learners will be able to induce grammar rules through examples, illustrations, and demonstrations.


THE DIRECT METHOD

This method replaces the textbook with teacher-student / student-student activities such as reading aloud, question-answer exercises, fill-in-the-blank exercises, etc.


THE DIRECT METHOD

Correct pronunciation is given careful attention in this method. In addition, new vocabulary is taught by using known words.


BASIC PRINCIPLES

1. Classroom instruction is conducted exclusively in the target language. The teacher should demonstrate, not explain or translate.

NEVER TRANSLATE: DEMONSTRATE


BASIC PRINCIPLES

2. Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught.

BASIC VOCABULARY IS GIVEN FIRST


BASIC PRINCIPLES

3. Grammar is taught inductively. There may never be an explicit grammar rule given.

DO NOT GIVE RULES:MAKE THEM FIGURE OUT THE RULE.


BASIC PRINCIPLES

4. New teaching points are introduced orally.

ORAL TRANSMISSION


BASIC PRINCIPLES

5. Correct pronunciation and grammar are emphasized.


BASIC PRINCIPLES

6. Both speech and listening comprehension are taught.


BASIC PRINCIPLES

7. Vocabulary is taught through known words, demonstration, authentic objects (realia), pictures, and miming.


BASIC PRINCIPLES

8. The teacher, by asking the student to make a choice, gets him to correct his own error.

LEARNING BY SELF-CORRECTION


BASIC PRINCIPLES

9. The syllabus is based on situations or topics, not usually on linguistic structures.

CONTEXTUAL/TOPICAL TEACHING


BASIC PRINCIPLES

10. Learning is not merely restricted with formal language knowledge; it also involves speaker conventions and descriptive usage.

NOT formal BUT NATURAL USE


BASIC PRINCIPLES

11. Students should learn to think in the target language as soon as possible. Vocabulary is acquired more naturally if students use it in full sentences, rather than memorizing word lists.NOT memorization but PRODUCTION


BASIC PRINCIPLES

12. The purpose of language learning is communication; therefore students need to learn how to ask questions as well as answer them.

COMMUNICATION-FIRST PRINCIPLE


TECHNIQUES IN THE DIRECT METHOD

Reading aloud Question-answer exercise Student self-correction Conversation practice Fill-in-the-blank exercise Dictation


Grammar-Translation Method vs. The Direct Method: A Comparison

Direct Method Grammar translation method

In the direct method, the teacher provides the knowledge in grammar inductively through speaking.

The GTM focuses on grammar rules and their application. Language is learned through rules.

in terms of GRAMMAR



in terms of VOCABULARY


The vocabulary is learned through practice every day.

The vocabulary is learned through direct translation of L1. Students learn vocabulary when they are translated.




The role of the teacher is of great importance. He asks questions to students constantly, encourages them to participate in class and corrects their mistakes immediately.

The role of the teacher is not very active because he just limits his work to translate for the students.

in terms of TEACHER ATTITUDE



in terms of STUDENT ATTITUDE


The students are very actives, their oral communication skills are emphasized, they have to speak a lot.

The accuracy from the students is expected and they have to practice by translation.




Oral communication skills are built up in a carefully grade

Primary skills to be improved:Reading and writing.

in terms of LANGUAGE SKILLS


For your Attention



principles of teaching Direct method 1

Education

abdul ali aloko aaaprepared

target language

grammar translation

grammartranslation method

language learners

native language

foreign language

useful knowledge of