PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING UNIT I – COMPONENTS OF ENVIRONMENT 1. Define Environment: Environment is defined as the holistic view of the world as it functions at a given point of time, with a multitude of spatial, elemental and socio-economic systems, distinguished by quality of space, and the mode of behaviour of the various abiotic and biotic forms. 2. Wri te do wn th e ele ments of envi ronment The elements of environment can be broadly divided into two; 1. Abiotic It consists of physical environment consisting of air, water and soil or sediment. The abiotic components are further divided into three; • Lithosphere (sphere of rocks / soil / sediment) • Hydrosphere (sphere of water) • Atmosphere (sphere of gases) 2. Biotic The biotic or biological environment consists of flora, fauna and micro-organisms. The biotic component consists of, • Producers (green plants) • Consumers a. Pr imar y Cons umer b. Secondary Cons umer c. Tertia ry Cons umer • Decomposers (bacteria and fungi) 3. Wha t i s abi oti c envi ron ment? Abiotic environment is composed of external physical factors like temperature, humidity, water, minerals and gases etc. 4. Wha t a re biotic e nvi ronment? Biotic environment is composed of all the living components-plants, animals and micro-organisms. 5. Wh at is aute cology? It is concerned with the ecology of an individual species and its population. While studying the autecology of a particular species, an ecologist studies its behavior and adaptation to the environmental condition at every stage of that individual’s life cycle. Autecology is also called species ecology. 1
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