Principles of counceliing techniques

PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING TECHNIQUES

SUBMITTED TO:

DR. DEEPIKA KHAKHA

SUBMITTED BY

ESTHER MARY MATHEW

INTRODUCTION

Counseling is a process, as well as a relationship, between persons.

Counselling is a scientific process of assistance extended by an expert in an individual situation to a needy person.

Counselling involves relationship between two persons in which one of them (counsellor) attempts to assists the other (counselee or client) in so organising himself as to attain a particular form of happiness, adjusting to a life situation , or in short self actualisation.

COUNSELING ...

Williamson “It is a means of helping people to learn how to solve their own problems.”

Carl Rogers (1965) “It is a definitely structured relationship which allows

the client to gain an understanding of himself to a degree which enables him to take positive steps in the light of his new orientation.”

Counseling aims to...

Assist an individual towards:

Self-knowledge

Self-realization

Self-development

Purposes of Counselling

A - ASSISTANCE

D - DEVELOPMENT

V - VAST INFORMATION

I - INSPIRATION

S - SOLUTION

E - ENCOURAGEMENT

TYPES OF COUNSELLING

Directive CounselingNon – Directive CounselingEclectic Counseling

Directive Counseling (prescriptive counselling).

This approach of counseling is advocated by E.G. Williamson.

Counsellor –centred: the counsellor direct the client to take steps in order to resolve his conflicts.

It is based on assumption that the client cannot solve his own problems for lack of information.

The counsellor plays an important role; he tries to direct the thinking of counselee by informing , explaining, interpreting and advising.

It gives more importance to intellectual aspect than emotional aspects.

STEPS OF DIRECTIVE COUNSELLING

Williamson has given six steps of directive counselling :

AnalysisSynthesisDiagnosisPrognosisCounsellingFollow up

MERITS

It is less time consuming; hence this method can be adopted when an early solution is required.

This method is best; less matured and less intelligent client interact with an experienced counsellor.

This is best method at lower levels where the client is not in a position to analyse his own problem

In this method, the counsellor becomes readily available to help the client which makes the client very happy.

DEMERITS In directive counselling, the client never becomes

independent of the counsellor. So it is not an effective or best guidance.

The personal autonomy and integrity of the client is not respected, it leads to new adjustment problems.

It will not help the individual to develop any attitudes through his own experiences.

The counsellor fails in saving the client to commit the mistakes in future.

NON-DIRECTIVE COUNSELLING

This school of thought is just reverse to that of directive counseling.

It is a client-centred process. In this, the counselee is the pivot of the whole

counselling process. The main function of the counsellor is to create an

atmosphere in which the client can work out his problem.

It is also known as permissive counselling.

In this type of counselling, emotional elements rather than intellectual element are stressed.

NONDIRECTIVE COUNSELLING

The principles of acceptance & tolerance are extremely important in this approach.

The basic assumptions related to nondirective counseling approach are:

Patient is given importance than the counselling directions & investigations

Creation of an atmosphere where patients can work out their understanding is more important than cultivating self-understanding in the patient.

leads to a voluntary choice of goals & a conscious selection of courses of action.

STEPS OF THE NONDIRECTIVE COUNSELLING APPROACH

Defining the problem situation

Counselee given freedom to express his

feeling

Identifying counselees

feelingDeveloping

coulees insight

Termination of counseling

ECLECTIC COUNSELLING

Eclectic counselling is a type of counselling which is neither counsellor-centred nor client centred; but a combination of both.

Here the counsellor is neither too active as in directive counselling nor too passive as in non-directive counselling, but follows a middle course.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ECLECTIC COUNSELLING

Methods of counselling may change from client to client or even with the same client from time to time.

It is highly flexible. Freedom of choice and expression is open to both the

counsellor and the counselee. Experience of mutual confidence and faith in the

relationship are basic. The client and the philosophical framework are

adjusted to save the purpose of the relationship.

STEPS OF ECLECTIC COUNSELLING

Establishing rapport

Diagnosis the problem

Analyzing the case

Preparing a tentative plan for modifying

behavior

Counselling

Follow-up

ECLECTIC COUNSELLING

Advantages of eclectic counseling approach practical approach. It is a more flexible approach of counseling. It is more objective & coordinated approach of

counseling.

Limitations of eclectic counselling approachThe role of counselor & the counselee are not

predetermined.It requires more skilled counselors to handle the

dynamic feature of this counseling approach.

OTHER TYPES OF COUNSELLING

A)Based on length of the counselling session:Short-term counselingLong-term counseling

B) Based on number of counselees involved:Individual counseling Group counseling

COUNSELLING ENVIRONMENT

Welcoming : Greet clients appropriately

Comfortable : Have comfortable seats

A place with few distractions: No telephone

Somewhere where privacy and confidentiality can

be maintained

Non-threatening : A place where people can feel

relaxed

PERSONALITY TRAITS OF AN EFFECTIVE COUNSELOR

1. SELF AWARENESS AND UNDERSTANDING Self-awareness is the ability to look within and

identify your own unmet psychological needs and desires, such as a need for intimacy or the desire to be professionally competent. This ability prevents your issues from affecting or conflicting with those of your clients.

2. GOOD PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH Although no persons is totally problem free

but a person with less problems or good psychological health can be trained to be counselor.


3. RAPPORT-BUILDING SKILLS Counselors must possess a strong set of interpersonal skills to help

establish rapport quickly with clients and develop strong relationships. They must give their undivided attention to clients and be able to cultivate trust.

4. OPEN MINDNESS A person who is free from fixed or pre occupied

ideas .They are aware of their own values and beliefs and are able to distinguish them from the beliefs and values of others.


5. TRUST WORTHINESS

A person who is reliable ,honest and does not hurt other persons. He/She keep the information to herself.

6. APPROACHABILITY The counselor who is friendly has positive

attitudes about others and can be approached without a feeling of apprehension.

QUALITIES OF A GOOD COUNSELOR

G–Good technical knowledge

O–Obtaining appropriate information from the patient

O–Objectively answering questions

D–Demonstrating professionalism

C –Confidentiality maintenanceO–Observant U–Unbiased N–NonjudgmentalS – Sensitive to the needs of the patient E–Empathetic L–Listens carefully O–Open minded R–Respects the rights of the patients

COUNSELLING PROCESS

Stage 1

Relationship building

Stage 2

Assessment and

diagnosis

Stage 3Formulatio

n of counseling

goals

Stage 4Interventi

on and problem solving

Stage 5Terminati

on and Follow Up

STAGE 1: RELATIONSHIP BUILDING

Introduce yourself. Listen attentively. Empathy, genuiness and warmth enhances relationship

building. Always address the person by his or her name. Ensure physical comfort. Observe non-verbal communication.

STAGE 2: ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS

Assessing through: observation and Inquiry Associate facts Make Hypotheses Record Information

STAGE 3: FORMULATION OF COUNSELING GOALS

Five Categories of Counseling Goals

To change an unwanted or unwelcome behavior

To better cope

To make and implement decisions

To enhance relationships

STAGE 4: INTERVENTION AND PROBLEM SOLVING

Characteristics of a good treatment plan… goals are clearly defined and reachable plan able to be adapted with time positive and action-oriented focus

Essential to an effective plan…is client’s motivation and willingness to follow it.

STAGE 5: TERMINATION AND FOLLOW UP

Role to review progress

Think of this as a means of empowering the client.

Termination considered not just at end of successful relationship, but also is considered when it seems counseling is not being helpful.

STEPS TO SUCCESS IN COUNSELLING

Willingness

Motivation

Commitment

Faith

CONCLUSION

Effective counseling reduces confusions, allowing the client to make effective decisions and leading to positive changes in their attitude and behavior.

“An unresolved issue will be like a cancer with the potential to spread into other areas of your relationship”

Principles of counceliing techniques

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