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Newsletter PTI Salud Global/ Global Health Cov19 Principales novedades internacionales sobre PREVENCIÓN GRUPO TEMÁTICO DE TRABAJO 1 Coordinadores: Iñaki Comas y Diego Ramiro Subtemáticas: 1.a. Origen (Historia; Cambio Global) 1.b. Diseminación del virus 1.c. Protocolos de prevención: protección; vacunas; educación y estilo de vida 1.d. Prevención económica CENTROS E INSTITUTOS PARTICIPANTES CBMSO, CIAL, CIB, CINN, CNB, EBD, EEZ, I2SYSBIO, IATA, IBBTEC, IBF, IBV, CMAB, ICP, IDAEA, IEGD, IFISC, IFS, IH, IHSM, IIAG, IIBB, IIBM, IMF, IPBLN, IPE, IPLA, IPP, IQAC, IQOG, IRNASA, MBG, MNCN, RIJB CONTENIDO Papers ......................2 Noticias relevantes...4 Convocatorias ..........5 Webs de interés........5 Otros .......................6 HOT TOPICS DE LA SEMANA Mutaciones Apps Distancia social Inmunidad Salud vs. riqueza Playas y piscinas Semana 11/05 - 17/05 Desescalada FASE 0 -1
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Principales novedades internacionales sobre PREVENCIÓN€¦ · SECRETORY-IGA-DOMINANT SARS-COV-2 IMMUNE RESPONSE IN HUMAN MILK FOLLOWING RECOVERY FROM COVID-19 COVID-19 CONTACT-TRACING

Jul 12, 2020

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Page 1: Principales novedades internacionales sobre PREVENCIÓN€¦ · SECRETORY-IGA-DOMINANT SARS-COV-2 IMMUNE RESPONSE IN HUMAN MILK FOLLOWING RECOVERY FROM COVID-19 COVID-19 CONTACT-TRACING

Fecha (Semana X)

Newsletter PTI Salud Global/

Global Health Cov19

Principales novedades

internacionales sobre

PREVENCIÓN

GRUPO TEMÁTICO DE TRABAJO 1

Coordinadores: Iñaki Comas y Diego Ramiro

Subtemáticas:

1.a. Origen (Historia; Cambio Global)

1.b. Diseminación del virus

1.c. Protocolos de prevención: protección; vacunas; educación y estilo

de vida

1.d. Prevención económica

CENTROS E INSTITUTOS PARTICIPANTES

CBMSO, CIAL, CIB, CINN, CNB, EBD, EEZ, I2SYSBIO, IATA, IBBTEC,

IBF, IBV, CMAB, ICP, IDAEA, IEGD, IFISC, IFS, IH, IHSM, IIAG,

IIBB, IIBM, IMF, IPBLN, IPE, IPLA, IPP, IQAC, IQOG, IRNASA, MBG,

MNCN, RIJB

CONTENIDO

Papers ...................... 2

Noticias relevantes... 4

Convocatorias .......... 5

Webs de interés........ 5

Otros ....................... 6

HOT TOPICS DE LA SEMANA

Mutaciones

Apps

Distancia social

Inmunidad

Salud vs. riqueza

Playas y piscinas

Semana 11/05 - 17/05

Desescalada FASE 0 -1

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Identificación de anticuerpos a

SARS-CoV-2 en leche materna

sugiere efecto protector

Autor: Alisa Fox et al.

EVIDENCE OF A SIGNIFICANT SECRETORY-IGA-DOMINANT SARS-COV-2 IMMUNE RESPONSE IN HUMAN MILK FOLLOWING RECOVERY FROM COVID-19

COVID-19 CONTACT-TRACING APPS: A SURVEY ON THE GLOBAL DEPLOYMENT AND CHALLENGES

Revisión sobre el desarrollo y uso de apps para seguimiento de contac-

tos. Discusión sobre implementaciones tecnológicas, vulnerabilidades

y ética.

In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, there is

an ever-increasing number of national governments that are rolling

out contact-tracing Apps to aid the containment of the virus. The first

hugely contentious issue facing the Apps is the deployment framework,

i.e. centralised or decentralised. Based on this, the debate branches out

to the corresponding technologies that underpin these architectures,

i.e. GPS, QR codes, and Bluetooth. This work conducts a pioneering

review of the above scenarios and contributes a geolocation mapping of

the current deployment. The vulnerabilities and the directions of

research are identified, with a special focus on the Bluetooth-based

decentralised scheme.

Autores: Jinfeng Li and Xinyi Guo 2

SPIKE MUTATION PIPELINE REVEALS THE EMERGENCE OF A MORE TRANSMISSIBLE FORM OF SARS-COV-2

Estudio epidemiológico en tiempo real que ilustra cómo una mutación en la proteína S (D614G), detectada en Europa a mediados de Febrero, está desplazando a la variante original de China. Esto sugiere que esta mutación le confiera una mayor transmisibilidad al virus. No hay evidencia de que la mutación correlacione con mayor severidad de síntomas ni mayor índice de hospitalización. Sí parece asociada a una mayor carga viral en pacientes y en cultivos celulares. Autores: Korber B. et al.

HOT TOPICS: Mutaciones y mayor transmisibilidad; Apps: datos y geolocalización; Distancia social; Nivel de inmunidad; Salud vs. Riqueza; Transmisión playas y piscinas

Desplazamiento del alelo G614 (naranja) por el alelo D614 (azul)

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2 en leche materna

WHAT POLICY MAKERS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT COVID-19 PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY

ICANT

FOLLOWING RECOVERY FROM

IMPACTS OF STATE-LEVEL POLICIES ON SOCIAL DISTANCING IN THE UNITED STATES USING

Original: Median -joining network analysis of SARS-CoV-2

genomes is neither phylogenetic nor evolutionary; Refutación 1.

Phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes;

Refutación 2. Sam pling bias and incorr ect rooting m ake

phylogenetic network tracing of SARS-COV-2 infections unreliable

Reductions in commuting mobility predict geographic

differences in SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in New York City

HEALTH VS. WEALTH? PUBLIC HEALTH POLICIES AND THE ECONOMY DURING COVID-19

Las intervenciones no

farmaceúticas tienen poten-

cial para acelerar la reduc-

ción de prevalencia de CO-

VID-19. Particularmente

aquellas que restringen fuer-

temente movilidad. Además

en US el impacto sobre el

empleo ha sido similar en

aquellos estados que los han

implementado en compara-

ción con aquellos que no.

We study the impact of non-

pharmaceutical policy inter-

ventions (NPIs) like “stay-at

-home” orders on the spread

of infectious disease. NPIs

are associated with slower

growth of Covid-19 cases.

NPIs “spillover” into other

jurisdictions. NPIs are not

associated with significantly

worse economic outcomes

measured by job losses. Job

losses have been no higher

in US states that implemen-

ted “stay-at-home” during

the Covid-19 pandemic than

in states that did not have

“stay-at-home”. All of these

results demonstrate that the

Covid-19 pandemic is a com-

mon economic and public

health shock. The tradeoff

between the economy and

public health today depends

strongly on what is happe-

ning elsewhere. This un-

derscores the importance of

coordinated economic and

public health responses.

Autores: Zhixian Lin et al.

3

está desplazando a la variante

evidencia de que la mutación

síntomas ni mayor índice de

Qué nos falta por entender sobre COVID-19 y cómo esa falta de conocimiento impide tomar intervenciones informadas. Strategies in various countries that aim to stagger return to work on the basis of disease severity risk and age do not take account of how exposing even lower-risk individuals, such as young people with no comorbidities, to the virus so as to increase herd immunity can still result in pandemic spread. The only selective pressure on SARS-CoV-2 is transmission—stop transmission and you stop the virus. The linchpin for a strategy to move out of lockdown seemingly rests on increased testing and contact tracing, possible return-to-work permits based on immune status,1 repurposed or new therapeutics,2 and, finally, vaccination.3, 4 This approach is broadly sensible, yet immunology is a complex branch of molecular medicine and policy makers need to be alerted to important aspects of immunology in relation to COVID-19. There is no certainty as to the immunological correlates of antiviral protection or the proportion of the population who must attain them, making it impossible to identify a point when this level of immunity has been reached. Autores: Daniel M Altmann. Daniel C Douek Rosemary J Boyton

La distancia social se ha convertido en la herramienta principal en la

prevención de la propagación de la COVID-19. En este trabajo se

analiza cómo la gente ha reaccionado a las peticiones por parte del

Gobierno de los EEUU para el incremento de la distancia social y la

bajada de movilidad con datos de Google Location History. La

respuesta se analiza por zonas de destino de la movilidad, incluyendo

residencias.

Autores: Gregory A. Wellenius et al.

OTROS ARTÍCULOS DE INTERÉS

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INFORME SOBRE

LA TRANSMISIÓN

DEL SARS-COV-2

EN PLAYAS Y

PISCINAS

En este informe se re-

copila la información

sobre cómo es la trans-

misión del virus SARS-

CoV-2, causante de la

enfermedad Covid-19

en espacios destinados

al baño y otras activi-

dades acuáticas. De las

posibles vías de conta-

gio en los ambientes a

los que se refiere este

informe (piscinas, pla-

yas, ríos, etc.), la vía de

transmisión principal

del SARS-CoV-2 es a

través de secreciones

respiratorias que se

generan con la tos y los

estornudos y el contac-

to de persona a perso-

na.

Autores: Allende Prieto ,

Ana (CEBAS); de Andrés

Miguel, Alicia (ICMM);

Figueras Huerta, Antonio

(IIM); Grimalt Obrador,

Joan (IDAEA); Prieto de

Castro, Carlos (A. Global

Materia); Sánchez Mora-

gas, Gloria (IATA)

CORONAVIRUS: SURPRISINGLY BIG PROBLEMS CAUSED BY SMALL ERRORS IN TESTING

¿Por qué no es aconsejable hacer tests a toda una población? El número

esperado de falsos negativos y positivos es mucho mayor que el número

de verdaderos positivos cuando la enfermedad, como COVID-19, no afec-

ta a la mayoría de la población.

Autor: Christian Yates

INFORME THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 RESPONSE ON TUBERCULOSIS IN HIGH-BURDEN COUNTRIES: A MODELLING ANALYSIS

BLOG “EPIDEMIAS Y SALUD GLOBAL: REFLEXIONES DESDE LA HISTORIA”

Modelización de impacto de COVID-19 en la incidencia y mortalidad de

TB en los próximos cinco años centrándose a partir de datos de India,

Kenia, Ucrania. Predice. Globalmente una cuarentena media de 3 meses y

relajamiento durante 10 meses lleve probablemente a 6.3 mill. de casos de

TB entre 2020 y 2025 y 1.4 mill. de muertes adicionales (unidas a las 1.5

millones anuales que ya se dan). La razón es que en los países donde se da

una gran transmisión entre convivientes, ésta se ve dramáticamente

incrementada en una cuarentena pues se une al alto grado de malas

condiciones, alta densidad de convivientes en un espacio cerrado.

Autor: Stop TB Partnership

4

El blog es una nueva iniciativa iniciada a comienzos del pasado abril. Ha

nacido con el propósito de ofrecer desde la historia, las humanidades y las

ciencias sociales reflexiones, recursos y noticias de calidad sobre

epidemias, pandemias, salud global y sobre la situación actual provocada

por la Covid-19. En tiempos de miedo e incertidumbres se quiere

contribuir desde nuestro campo de estudio a dar claves desde el pasado

para entender nuestro presente. Se pretende, pues, proporcionar

información sosegada, no alarmista y que sirva para comprender mejor el

fenómeno de la presente pandemia de coronavirus.

Autores: Sociedad Española de Historia de la Medicina (SEHM)

OTRAS NOTICIAS

Relaciones entre las minorías étnicas y la vida social de las

infecciones

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Newsletter PTI Salud Global/

Global Health Cov19

Principales novedades

internacionales sobre

ENFERMEDAD

GRUPO TEMÁTICO DE TRABAJO 2

Coordinadores: Antonio Alcamí e Iñaki Comas

Subtemáticas:

2.a. Estructura del virus

2.b. Genética del virus

2.c. Infección y gravedad

2.d. Respuesta inmune

CENTROS E INSTITUTOS PARTICIPANTES

CBMSO, CEBAS, CIAL, CIB, CNB, EBD, I2SYSBIO, IBBTEC, IBF,

IBGM, IBIS, IBMB, IBMCC, IBV, IC, ICB, ICVV, IIBB, IIBM, IIM,

IMEDEA, IMN-CNM, IN, IPBLN, IPLA, IQAC, IQFR, IQOG, IRNASA,

MBG, USC

CONTENIDO

Papers ............................. 2

Noticias relevantes ......... 4

Convocatorias ................. 5

Webs de interés .............. 5

Otros .............................. 6

HOT TOPICS DE LA SEMANA

Anticuerpos neutralizantes.

Tests diagnósticos y ELISA para análisis de seroconver-sores.

Patofisiología.

Respuestas agudas de anti-cuerpos.

Aumento incidencia Kawasaki en niños.

Semana 11/05—17/05

Desescalada FASE 0—1

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Hot topics: Anticuerpos neutralizantes; Tests diagnósticos y ELISA para

análisis de seroconversores; Patofisiología; Respuestas agudas de anti-

cuerpos; Aumento incidencia Kawasaki en niños.

Este artículo revisa los desarrollos más recientes en técni-

cas de diagnóstico de COVID-19 y productos que faciliten la

futura innovación y mejora en este ámbito.

“An ongoing theme of the COVID-19 pandemic is the need for

widespread availability of accurate and efficient diagnostic tes-

ting for detection of SARS-CoV-2 and antiviral antibodies in

infected individuals. This report describes various assay techni-

ques and tests for COVID-19 diagnosis. Most tests for early de-

tection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA rely on the reverse transcription-

polymerase chain reaction, but isothermal nucleic acid amplifi-

cation assays, including transcription-mediated amplification

and CRISPR-based methodologies, are promising alternatives.

Identification of individuals who have developed antibodies to

the SARS-CoV-2 virus requires serological tests, including enzy-

me-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lateral flow im-

munoassay. This report also provides an overview of current

development in COVID-19 diagnostic techniques and products

to facilitate future improvement and innovation “

Carter et al. ACS Cent. Sci. 2020, 6, 591−605

ASSAY TECHNIQUES AND TEST DEVELOP-MENT FOR COVID-19 DIAGNOSIS

A SEROLOGICAL AS-SAY TO DETECT SARS-COV-2 SEROCON-VERSION IN HU-MANS.

Este artículo describe

una prueba ELISA para

el análisis e identifica-

ción de seroconverso-

res al SARS-CoV-2. Es-

ta prueba no precisa

manejar virus infecti-

vos, puede ajustarse

para detectar distintos

tipos de anticuerpos en

suero y plasma y puede

escalarse.

Autores: Amanat et al.

Nat. Med 2020.

doi: https://

doi.org/10.1038/s41591-

020-0913-5

2

NEUTRALIZATION OF SARS-COV-2 BY DESTRUCTION OF THE PREFUSION SPIKE

El grupo de David Stuart ha caracterizado la unión de un

anticuerpo neutralizante a la espícula de SARS-CoV2. En-

cuentran que el anticuerpo reconoce un epítopo que está

oculto en el estado prefusión de la proteína S (el que existe

antes de que el virus interaccione con la célula). Es decir, en

lugar de "simplemente" ocluir la zona de la proteína que

reconoce a la proteína receptora ACE2, este anticuerpo po-

dría estar forzando un cambio conformacional en la espícu-

la que destruiría su capacidad de unirse al receptor. Esta

hipótesis se confirma mediante el estudio de la estructura

de la espícula unida al anticuerpo por crio-microscopía

electrónica.

Autores: Jiandong Huo, et al.

bioRxiv 2020 doi: https://

doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.05.079202

Highlights

CR3022 neutralises

SARS-CoV-2

Neutralisation is by

destroying the prefu-

sion SPIKE confor-

mation

This antibody may

have therapeutic po-

tential alone or with

one blocking recep-

tor attachment.

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ANTIBODY RESPONSES TO SARS-COV-2 IN PA-TIENTS WITH COVID-19

AN OUTBREAK OF SEVERE KAWASAKI-LIKE DISEASE AT THE ITALIAN EPICENTRE OF THE SARS-COV-2 EPIDEMIC: AN OBSERVATIONAL COHORT STUDY

Ha habido informaciones sobre una alta incidencia de la

enfermedad de Kawasaki en niños asociadas a la infección

por COVID-19. La ciudad de Nueva York lleva registrados al

menos cien casos. Este estudio de Italia describe varios ca-

sos en la provincia de Bérgamo confirmando las sospechas

de asociación de COVID-19 y Kawasaki a través de un pro-

ceso inflamatorio.

Autores: Lucio Verdoni et al.

The Lancet 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-

6736(20)31103-X

Comentario asociado:

“Kawasaki-like disease: emerging complication during the

COVID-19 pandemic"

Autores: Russell M Viner y Elizabeth Whittaker

The Lancet 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-

6736(20)31129-6

CROSS-TALK BETWEEN THE AIRWAY EPITHE-LIUM AND ACTIVATED IMMUNE CELLS DEFI-NES SEVERITY IN CO-VID-19

Preprint con single cell

que estudia el host cell -

sSARS-CoV-2 molecular

crosstalk.

El estudio aporta nuevos

datos sobre la patofisiolo-

gía de la COVID-19 y su-

giere una terapia inmu-

nomoduladora a lo largo

del eje CCL2, CCL3/CCR1

como una opción prome-

tedora para prevenir y

tratar el curso crítico de

COVID-19

Autores: Robert Lo-

renz Chua et al.

medRxiv 2020.

doi: https://

doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.

29.20084327

3

En este trabajo se describen las respuestas agudas de anti-

cuerpos contra el SARS-CoV-2 en 285 pacientes con COVID

-19. A los 19 días del inicio de síntomas, el 100% de los pa-

cientes dieron resultados positivos para la inmunoglobulina

G (IgG) antiviral. La seroconversión para IgG e IgM se pro-

dujo de forma simultánea o secuencial. Los títulos de am-

bas Ig alcanzaron una meseta en los 6 días siguientes a la

seroconversión.

Autores: Long et al. 2020

Nat Med (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-

0897-1.

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IMMUNE THROMBOCYTO-PENIC PURPURA IN A PA-TIENT WITH COVID-19

NEJM—COVID-19 Cases

To rapidly communicate infor-

mation on the global clinical

effort against Covid-19,

the Journal has initiated a se-

ries of case reports that offer

important teaching points or

novel findings. The case reports

should be viewed as observa-

tions rather than as recommen-

dations for evaluation or treat-

ment. In the interest of timeli-

ness, these reports are evalua-

ted by in-house editors, with

peer review reserved for key

points as needed.

WHAT THE PROPONENTS

OF ‘NATURAL’ HERD IM-

MUNITY DON’T SAY

After Herd Immunity ...

More Infections

Herd immunity doesn’t stop a

virus in its tracks. The number

of infections continues to climb

after herd immunity is reached.

Opinion Article

The New York Times

Carl T. Bergstrom & Natalie

Dean

CCU CGG CGG GCA LAS DOCE LETRAS QUE CAMBIARON EL MUNDO

El genoma del nuevo coronavirus esconde una brevísima secuen-

cia sospechosa de ser la principal culpable de su insólita capaci-

dad de contagio y de su virulenciaSelección de noticia de interés.

Descripción de las principales características genéti-

cas del virus y de su emergencia a partir de hospeda-

dores animales con una excelente infografía.

El País

Autores: Manuel Asande, Artur Galocha, Mariano Zafra

OTRAS NOTICIAS RELEVANTES

PICS STATEMENT: INCREASED NUMBER OF REPORTED CASES OF NOVEL PRESENTATION OF MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

WATCHING FOR MUTATIONS IN THE CORONAVIRUS

AAAS—Science Translational Medicine

A MARSEILLE-BASED TASKFORCE LAUNCHES TO EXPLORE

IMMUNE RESPONSE IN COVID-19 PATIENTS

Marseille Immunopole

UNIVERSAL SCREENING FOR SARS-COV-2 IN WOMEN

ADMITTED FOR DELIVERY

NEJM—Correspondence 4

“Over the weekend, PICS members received an email alert from

NHS England highlighting a small rise in the number of cases of

critically ill children presenting with an unusual clinical pictu-

re. Many of these children had tested positive for COVID-19,

while some had not. The alert indicated “the cases have in com-

mon overlapping features of toxic shock syndrome and atypical

Kawasaki disease with blood parameters consistent with severe

COVID-19 in children. Abdominal pain and gastrointestinal

symptoms have been a common feature as has cardiac inflam-

mation”.

Paediatric Intensive Care Society UK– 27/04/2020

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Newsletter PTI Salud Global/

Global Health Cov19

Principales novedades

internacionales sobre

DIAGNÓSTICO Y CONTENCIÓN

GRUPO TEMÁTICO DE TRABAJO 3

Coordinadores: Pilar Marco y Antonio Alcamí

Subtemáticas:

3.a. Diagnóstico y detección

3.b. Propagación y protección

3.c. Epidemiología

3.d. Protocolos de contención

CENTROS E INSTITUTOS PARTICIPANTES

4BASEBIO SLU, CAB, CABD, CBMSO, CEAB, CENIM, CFM, CIAL,

CINN, CNB, EBD, EEZ, EEZA, I2SYSBIO, IATA, IBBTEC, IBV, ICB,

ICMA, ICMAB, ICMM, ICN2, ICP, ICTP, ICV, IDAB, IDAEA, IEM,

IFCA, IFIC, IFISC, IMB-CNM, IO, IPBLN, IQAC, IQFR, IQOG, IRNAS,

ITEFI, ITQ, MBG, RJB, UCM, USC

CONTENIDO

Papers ..................... 2

Noticias relevantes .. 4

Convocatorias ......... 5

Webs de interés ...... 5

Otros ...................... 6

HOT TOPICS DE LA SEMANA

Tests de seroprevalencia y perfil de anticuerpos.

Tecnologías de diagnós-tico y vigilancia.

Epidemiología.

Tests diagnósticos —Epidemiología—Transmisión

Semana 11/05—17/05

Desescalada FASE 0—1

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HOT TOPICS: Tests de seroprevalencia y perfil de anticuerpos; Biosensor plasmónico; Tecnologías de diagnostico y vigilancia; Tests diagnósticos—Epidemiología-Transmisión

SARS-COV-2 SEROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS, PAUCI-SYMPTOMATIC INDIVIDUALS AND BLOOD DONORS.

El artículo muestra un estudio

piloto para evaluar los niveles

de anticuerpos anti-SARS-CoV-

2 en muestras tomadas de 491

individuos pre-epidémicos, 51

pacientes del Hospital de Bi-

char (París), 209 individuos

paucisintomáticos del departa-

mento francés de Oise y 200

donantes de sangre contempo-

ráneos de Oise. Para este pro-

pósito, los autores usan ELISA

(nucleoproteína, N y ectodomi-

nio trimérico espicular, S) y dos

ensayos nuevos; S-Flow, basa-

do en el reconocimiento de S en

la superficie celular por citome-

tría de flujo, y LIPS (Ensayo de

antígeninmunoprecipitación

con luciferasa), que reconoce

Figura: estudio serológico de anticuerpos contra el SARS-

Cov-2 en individuos preepidémicos (primera fila) y casos

hospitalizados confirmados (segunda fila). Cada punto re-

presenta una muestra. El área verde indica el límite de cada

ensayo.

2

antígenos ((incluido el dominio S1 o N C-terminal) por inmunoprecipitación. Los

ensayos permiten una evaluación amplia de la seroprevalencia de SARS-CoV y el

perfil de anticuerpos en los diferentes subconjuntos de población.

Autores: Grzelak, L., S. , et al.

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DUAL-FUNCTIONAL PLASMONIC PHOTOTHERMAL BIOSENSORS FOR HIGHLY ACCURATE SEVERE ACU-TE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 DE-TECTION.

DIAGNOSING COVID-19: THE DISEASE AND TOOLS FOR DETECTION

Este artículo muestra una revisión de tecnologías de

diagnóstico y seguimiento de la enfermedad provocada por

el SARS-CoV-2 y sus características de funcionamiento. Se

incluyen arquitecturas de dispositivos "point-of-care" que

tienen un potencial claro en este campo. El desarrollo de

herramientas de diagnóstico "plug-and-play" es primordial

para gestionar los casos de infección por este virus y poder

prevenir epidemias / pandemias futuras.

Autores: Buddhisha Udugama et al.

CONNECTING CLUS-TERS OF COVID-19: AN EPIDEMIOLOGI-CAL AND SEROLOGI-CAL INVESTIGATION.

Un ejemplo de cómo

las pruebas serológicas

han ayudado a estable-

cer conexiones epide-

miológicas y de la

transmisión de la en-

fermedad entre dos co-

munidades religiosas

en Singapur. El artículo

demuestra la comple-

mentariedad entre los

métodos de RT-PCR y

los métodos serológi-

cos. Las pruebas sero-

lógicas fueron cruciales

para identificar casos

de convalecencia o per-

sonas con procesos

más leves.

“Elucidation of the

chain of disease trans-

mission and identifica-

tion of the source of

coronavirus disease

2019 (COVID-19) in-

fections are crucial for

effective disease con-

tainment. We describe

an epidemiological in-

vestigation that, with

use of severe acute res-

piratory syndrome co-

ronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV

-2) serological assays,

established links bet-

ween three clusters of

COVID-19. “

Autores: Sarah Ee

Fang Yong et al. 3

Este artículo describe el desarrollo de un biosensor

plasmónico de afinidad para la detección sensible de

secuencias de ARN específicas del virus SARS-CoV-2 sin

necesidad de amplificación por PCR. Se basa en el uso de

nanoislas de oro plasmónicas que juegan una doble función.

Por un lado, se usan como marcadores que permiten la

detección de las secuencias de ARN específicas mediante

resonancia de plasmón de superficie localizada (LSPR). Por

otro lado, provocan un aumento localizado de temperatura

cuando se irradian con un láser a su frecuencia de

resonancia (temperatura nominal de 41 C en condiciones

optimizadas) que mejora en gran medida la cinética de

hibridación. Este efecto promueve la detección rápida y

sensible de las secuencias de ARN específicas mediante el

biosensor propuesto y, a su vez, mejora su especificidad al

diferenciar mejor entre secuencias muy similares de otros

coronavirus estrechamente relacionados, reduciendo así el

porcentaje de falsos negativos. El dispositivo muestra un

límite de detección de 0.22 pM y un tiempo de respuesta de

alrededor de 600 s.

Autores: Guangyu Qiu et al.

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LA ALIANZA DE LOS TEST 'MADE' IN SPAIN: ONCE EMPRESAS PODRÍAN PRODUCIR 1,5 MILLONES A LA SEMANA

El grupo, organizado bajo la

coordinación de la Asocia-

ción Española de Bioempre-

sas (AseBio), está formado

por once empresas dispues-

tas a demostrar la capacidad

de producción del sector en

nuestro país. Al unificar sus

fuerzas aseguran que se-

rían capaces de duplicar la

producción de las pruebas

que ahora mismo son tan

demandadas por la socie-

dad. En este momento,

la producción semanal de

estas empresas alcanza:

745.500 test PCR, los

que detectan el material

genético del virus y con-

firman si estás contagia-

do

194.000 kits de extrac-

ción, el proceso previo a

la realización de la PCR

690.000 test de anti-

cuerpos, identifican los

casos positivos de Covid

-19 pero también los

que han pasado la enfer-

medad sin presentar

síntomas.

En el caso de los kits de ex-

tracción, la produc-

ción podría llegar a tripli-

carse.

NIUS Diario

María Bello

CORONAVIRUS TESTS: RESEARCHERS CHASE NEW DIAGNOSTICS TO FIGHT THE PANDEMIC

Diagnostic tests for COVID-19 have loomed large in the ongoing

coronavirus pandemic as an essential tool to track the spread of the

disease.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has repeatedly urged

health agencies to make testing for the novel coronavirus a top

priority in their response to the pandemic, but the international

response has been uneven. A combination of regulation and

readiness has allowed some countries, such as South Korea and

Singapore, to swiftly deploy hundreds of thousands of tests — but

elsewhere, health agencies have struggled to get up to speed.

Meanwhile, in the United States, with hospitals backlogged, and

corporate manufacturers weeks late to the game, university

research labs had stepped in to develop their own diagnostics to

meet the crushing need.

Here, Nature examines how viral diagnostic tests work, how some

countries managed to ramp up testing while others stalled, and

what new tests researchers want to develop to fight the pandemic,

including those that use the gene-editing tool CRISPR.

Nature News

Nidhi Subbaraman

FIRST CRISPR TEST FOR THE CORONAVIRUS APPROVED IN THE UNITED STATES

4

The US drug regulator has granted its first emergency-use

approval for a new coronavirus test that takes advantage of the

gene-editing technology CRISPR.

The US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) emergency-use

authority allows it to make tests and drugs available faster than

usual in a public-health emergency. The new diagnostic kit is

based on an approach co-developed by CRISPR pioneer Feng

Zhang at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard in Cambridge,

Massachusetts. It will be used to test for the novel coronavirus

behind the ongoing pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, in laboratories that

are certified to provide clinical-test results.

Nature News

Giorgia Guglielmi

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Newsletter PTI Salud Global/

Global Health Cov19

Principales novedades

internacionales sobre

TERAPIAS Y VACUNAS

GRUPO TEMÁTICO DE TRABAJO 4

Coordinadores: José Maria Benlloch y Pilar Marco

Subtemáticas:

4.a. Nuevos antivirales

4.b. Reposicionamiento de fármacos

4.c. Anticuerpos terapéuticos

4.d. Vacunas

4.e. Control de la Inflamación

Colaborador: Antonio Figueras Huerta

CENTROS E INSTITUTOS PARTICIPANTES

CABD, CBMSO, CEAB, CEBAS, CIAL, CIB, CNB, CRAG, EEZA, FJD,

I2SYSBIO, I3M, IACT, IATA, IBBTEC, IBF, IBGM, IBIS, IBMB, IBMCP,

IBV, IC, ICMAB, ICP, ICTP, ICVV, IDAB, IEM, IIBB, IIBM, IIM, IIQ,

IMEDEA, IMN-CNM, INL, IPBLN, IPLA, IPNA, IQAC, IQFR, IQM,

IQOG, IREC, IRNAS, IRNASA, ITEFI, ITQ, MBG, USC

CONTENIDO

Papers .................................. 2

Ensayos Clínicos ................... 4

Noticias relevantes ............... 8

Convocatorias ....................... 9

Webs de interés .................... 9

Otros ..………………...……....10

HOT TOPICS DE LA SEMANA

MAPK diana farmacológica

Nanomedicina estrategia de reposicionamiento

Arsenal terapéutico urgencia clínica

Nanobodies neutralizantes.

Estructura Proteína S—SARS– CoV-2.

Antivirales

Ensayos Clínicos “Solidarity”

Semana 11/05—17/05

Desescalada FASE 0—1

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Hot topics: MAPK diana farmacológica; Nanomedicina estrategia reposicionamien-

to; Arsenal terapéutico urgencia clínica; Nanobodies neutralizantes; Estructura Pro-

teína S SARS-CoV-2; Ensayos Clínicos—Solidarity

La cloroquina como fármaco de reposicionamien-

to frente a CoVid-19 es ya un “ clásico" controvertido.

Este artículo nos sirve para ilustrar, no tanto el uso de

este fármaco anti-malárico como antiviral, sino la es-

trategia de reposicionamiento por formulación nueva

de un viejo fármaco y, en este sentido cómo se ha usa-

do el área de Nanomedicina.

Autores: Hu, T.Y., Frieman, M. & Wolfram, J.

INSIGHTS FROM NANOMEDICINE INTO CHLOROQUINE EFFICACY AGAINST CO-VID-19.

COMPOUNDS WITH THERAPEUTIC PO-TENTIAL AGAINST NOVEL RESPIRATORY 2019 CORONAVIRUS

Pequeña revisión publi-

cada en marzo de 2020

en AAC que, aunque no

muy exhaustiva, está

orientada al coronavi-

rus responsable de esta

pandemia y puede ser-

vir para lanzar la discu-

sión de este área de re-

posicionamiento, enfa-

tizando el “arsenal” te-

rapéutico" de primera

intervención en situa-

ciones de urgencia clí-

nica.

Autores: Martinez MA.

2

SUPPRESION OF CORONAVIRUS REPLICATION BY INHIBITION OF THE MEK SIGNALING PATHWAY

Publicación que ilustra la utilidad de buscar fármacos

frente a coronavirus, utilizando las MAPK como diana

farmacológica. De hecho en estas dianas de MAPK para

las que existen fármacos en uso clínico, principalmente

en Oncología, se basan algunos proyectos de investiga-

ción, como el desarrollado en PTI Salud Global por Piero

Crespo del IBBTEC - “Repurposing MAPK inhibitors for

the treatment of COVID-19”- prefinanciado por CSIC.

Autores: Yingyun Cai, Yin Liu, and Xuming Zhang

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STRUCTURAL BASIS FOR POTENT NEUTRALIZATION OF BETACORONA-VIRUSES BY SINGLE-DOMAIN CAME-LID ANTIBODIES.

CRYO-EM STRUCTURE OF THE

2019-nCoV SPIKE IN THE PREFUSION

CONFORMATION.

Los autores determinan por criomicroscopía

el cambio conformacional del dominio de

unión al receptor RBD dentro de la proteína

S del SARS-CoV2. Observan que la proteína S

y el RBD del virus tienen más afinidad por el

receptor humano ACE2 que la versión del vi-

rus anterior SARS-CoV1. También ven que

los anticuerpos neutralizantes humanos des-

critos para SARS-CoV1 no reconocen a SARS

-CoV2.

Autores: Wrapp, D. et al.

ANTIVIRAL OPTIONS AGAINST SARS-COV-2 INFECTION

SAs of May 2020, the number of

people infected with SARS-CoV-2

continues to skyrocket, with more

than 4,3 million cases worldwide.

Both the World Health Organization

(WHO) and United Nations (UN)

has highlighted the need for better

control of SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Developing novel virus-specific vac-

cines, monoclonal antibodies and

antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2

can be time-consuming and costly.

Convalescent plasma and safe-in-

man broad-spectrum antivirals

(BSAAs) are readily available treat-

ment options. Here we developed a

neutralization assay using SARS-

CoV-2 virus and monkey Vero-E6

cells. We identified most potent sera

from recovered patients for treat-

ment of SARS-CoV-2-infected pa-

tients. We also screened 136 safe-in-

man broad-spectrum antivirals

against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Ve-

ro-E6 cells and identified antiviral

activity of nelfinavir, salinomycin,

amodiaquine, obatoclax, emetine

and homoharringtonine. We found

that combinations of virus-directed

drug nelfinavir with host-directed

drugs, such as salinomycin, amodia-

quine, obatoclax, emetine and ho-

moharringtonine exhibit synergistic

effect against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.

Finally, we developed a website to

disseminate the knowledge on avai-

lable and emerging treatments of

COVID-19.

Autores: Aleksandr Ianevski et al.

3

En este artículo los autores describen nanobo-

dies neutralizantes frente a MERS y SARS-

CoV1, pero uno de ellos es capaz de neutralizar

también a SARS-CoV2 en ensayos in vitro

cuando le aumentan la avidez como fusiones

Fc.

Autores: Wrapp, D., et al.

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4

COVID 19. TERAPIA. VACUNAS. CLÍNICA Y CIENCIA

Autor: Antonio Figueras Huerta

El desarrollo de vacunas y medicamentos es un proceso que sigue varios pasos,

y que generalmente requiere más de cinco años para garantizar la seguridad y

la eficacia de los nuevos compuestos. En febrero de 2020, la OMS afirmó que

no esperaba que una vacuna contra el SARS-CoV-2, el virus causante del CO-

VID-19, estuviera disponible en menos de 18 meses. Ante esta perspectiva, va-

rias agencias reguladoras aprobaron procedimientos para acelerar las pruebas

clínicas.

Ensayo clínico “Solidarity” para tratamientos con COVID-19

"Solidarity" es un ensayo clínico internacional para ayudar a encontrar un tra-

tamiento efectivo para COVID-19, lanzado por la Organización Mundial de la

Salud y sus socios.

¿Por qué Solidarity?

La presión que ejerce COVID-19 sobre los sistemas de salud hizo que la OMS

valorase la necesidad de incrementar velocidad y la escala de los ensayos. Si

bien los ensayos clínicos aleatorios normalmente requieren años para su diseño

y realización, el Ensayo Solidarity reducirá el tiempo necesario en un 80%.

La inscripción de pacientes en un solo ensayo aleatorio ayudará a facilitar la

comparación mundial rápida de tratamientos no probados. Esto superará el

riesgo de que múltiples ensayos pequeños no generen la evidencia sólida nece-

saria para determinar la efectividad relativa de los posibles tratamientos.

Participación en Solidarity

El ensayo de Solidarity proporciona procedimientos simplificados para permi-

tir que participen incluso hospitales sobrecargados, sin necesidad de papeleo. A

partir del 21 de abril de 2020, más de 100 países están trabajando juntos para

encontrar terapias efectivas lo antes posible, a través de este ensayo.

Cuanto mayor sea el número de países participantes, se generarán resultados

más rápidos. La OMS está facilitando el acceso a miles de cursos de tratamien-

to para el ensayo a través de donaciones de varios fabricantes. La OMS también

está invitando a desarrolladores y empresas a colaborar para garantizar la ase-

quibilidad y la disponibilidad de las opciones de tratamiento si resultan efica-

ces.

Opciones de tratamiento en estudio

Con base en la evidencia de estudios de laboratorio, animales y clínicos, se se-

leccionaron las siguientes opciones de tratamiento: Remdesivir; Lopinavir /

ritonavir; Lopinavir / Ritonavir con interferón beta-1a; y cloroquina o hidroxi-

cloroquina.

Remdesivir se probó previamente como un tratamiento contra el ébola. Ha ge-

nerado resultados prometedores en estudios en animales para el Síndrome

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5

Respiratorio del Medio Oriente (MERS-CoV) y el síndrome respiratorio agudo

severo (SARS), que también son causados por coronavirus, lo que sugiere que

puede tener algún efecto en pacientes con COVID-19.

Lopinavir / Ritonavir es un tratamiento con licencia para el VIH. La evidencia

de COVID-19, MERS y SARS aún no ha demostrado que pueda mejorar los re-

sultados clínicos o prevenir la infección. Este ensayo tiene como objetivo iden-

tificar y confirmar cualquier beneficio para los pacientes con COVID-19. Si bien

hay indicios de experimentos de laboratorio de que esta combinación puede ser

efectiva contra COVID-19, los estudios realizados hasta ahora en pacientes con

COVID-19 no han sido concluyentes.

El interferón beta-1a se usa para tratar la esclerosis múltiple.

La cloroquina y la hidroxicloroquina están estrechamente relacionadas y se uti-

lizan para tratar la malaria y las afecciones reumatológicas, respectivamente.

En China y Francia, pequeños estudios proporcionaron algunas indicaciones

del posible beneficio del fosfato de cloroquina contra la neumonía causada por

COVID-19, pero necesitan confirmación mediante ensayos aleatorios.

Cómo funciona el ensayo clínico Solidarity

Los adultos con COVID-19 ingresados en hospitales participantes pueden unir-

se a este estudio. Se les pedirá a los pacientes elegibles que den su conformidad

para ratificar que comprenden los posibles riesgos y beneficios y que consien-

tan en unirse al estudio. El equipo médico responsable de cada paciente verifi-

cará si alguno de los tratamientos del estudio definitivamente no sería adecua-

do.

Después de esos controles, se registran digitalmente breves detalles de identifi-

cación y cualquier otra condición para el paciente, que luego se asigna aleato-

riamente a una de las opciones de estudio. Esto puede o no incluir uno de los

tratamientos del estudio. Ni el paciente ni el personal médico eligen cuáles de

las opciones de estudio recibirá un paciente, ya que una computadora hace esta

asignación al azar.

La información crítica anónima para el ensayo solo se recopilará en la etapa de

aleatorización y cuando el paciente sea dado de alta o fallezca: qué medicamen-

tos del estudio se administraron (y durante cuántos días); si se recibió ventila-

ción o cuidados intensivos (y, de ser así, cuándo comenzó), fecha de alta o fecha

y causa de muerte mientras aún estaba en el hospital.

Los análisis provisionales de los ensayos son monitoreados por un Comité Glo-

bal de Monitoreo de Datos y Seguridad, que es un grupo independiente de ex-

pertos.

Los países, o grupos particulares de hospitales, pueden querer colaborar en la

realización de más mediciones u observaciones en serie, relacionadas con áreas

como virología, oxígeno u otras mediciones en sangre e imágenes de pulmón.

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6

También es posible incorporar documentación de otros aspectos del estado de la

enfermedad, por ejemplo, mediante la vinculación en registros electrónicos de

atención médica y bases de datos médicos de rutina. Si bien los estudios de in-

vestigación adicionales bien organizados sobre la historia natural de la enferme-

dad o los efectos de los tratamientos de prueba podrían ser valiosos, no son re-

quisitos básicos.

Adultos (edad ≥18 años) recientemente hospitalizados, o ya en el hospital, con

COVID-19 confirmado y, en opinión del médico responsable, no se asignará al

azar ninguna contraindicación a ninguno de los tratamientos del estudio entre

Estándar de atención local

O estándar de atención local más uno de

Remdesivir

Hopes rise for coronavirus drug remdesivir

Despite conflicting studies, results from largest trial yet show the antiviral

speeds up recovery, putting it on track to become a standard of care in the

United States.

Cloroquina o hidroxicloroquina

The QT interval in patients with COVID-19 treated with hy

droxychloroquine and azithromycin

Chloroquine hype is derailing the search for coronavirus treatments

With politicians touting the potential benefits of malaria drugs to fight

COVID-19, some people are turning away from clinical trials of other therapies.

Lopinavir con ritonavir

Lopinavir–ritonavir in severe COVID-19

A Trial of Lopinavir–Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe

Covid-19

Lopinavir con ritonavir más interferón beta-1a

Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir–ritonavir, and

ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with

COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial

Las condiciones subyacentes registradas son: diabetes, enfermedad cardíaca, en-

fermedad pulmonar crónica, enfermedad hepática crónica y asma, que se extien-

de al VIH y la tuberculosis en la región africana.

La gravedad de la enfermedad al ingreso se determina mediante el registro: difi-

cultad respiratoria, recibir oxígeno, ya en un ventilador y, si se toman imágenes

de los pulmones, anormalidad bilateral mayor.

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LA LLAMA WINTER Y

SU PAPEL EN EL DES-

CUBRIMIENTO DE

UNA VACUNA PARA

LA COVID-19.

Anticuerpos proced-

entes de un ejemplar

de ‘Lama glama’ criado

en Bélgica neutralizan,

en pruebas de laborato-

rio, el nuevo corona-

virus

HOPING LLAMAS

WILL BECOME CO-

RONAVIRUS HEROES

Antibodies from Win-

ter, a 4-year-old llama

with great eyelashes,

have neutralized coro-

navirus and other in-

fections in lab experi-

ments.

A RESEARCH GROUP LED BY PROF. KAZUHIKO KATAYAMA AT THE ŌMURA SATOSHI MEMORIAL INSTITUTE OF KITASATO UNIVERSITY HAS DISCOVERED SARS-CORONAVIRUS-2 NEUTRALIZING VHH ANTIBODIES WITH THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL AGAINST COVID-19

A research group led by Prof. Kazuhiko Katayama and including re-

searchers from Laboratory of Viral Infection I at the Ōmura Satoshi

Memorial Institute at Kitasato University, Epsilon Molecular Engi-

neering, Inc. and Safety Science Research Laboratory of Kao Corporati-

on announced today that they have discovered VHH antibodies*1 that

neutralize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-

CoV-2) (Figure 1). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infec-

tious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The antibodies have the potential

to be developed as a new therapy and diagnostic tools for COVID-19

(Figure 2).

*1; VHH antibodies: The heavy-chain single-domain antibodies. The antibo-

dies were originally discovered from camelids, a group that includes camels

and llamas. A key feature of the antibodies is their size. They are only one-

tenth the size of a conventional antibody. They are also very stable and can

8

Investigadores japoneses desarrollan artificialmente un anticuerpo efectivo

contra el coronavirus

El estudio puede derivar en el desarrollo de agentes terapéuticos y de

diagnóstico frente a las infecciones de la Covid-19

En Japón desarrollan un anticuerpo artificial contra la COVID-19

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Fecha (Semana X)

Newsletter PTI Salud Global/

Global Health Cov19

Principales novedades

internacionales sobre

IMPACTO

GRUPO TEMÁTICO DE TRABAJO 5

Coordinadores: Diego Ramiro y Ana Arenillas

Subtemáticas:

1.a. Social

1.b. Político

1.c. Económico

1.d. Medioambiental;

1. e. Dinámicas científicas e innovación

CENTROS E INSTITUTOS PARTICIPANTES

CBMSO, CEAB, CIB, CNB, EBD, EEAD, ICM, ICMAN, ICMAT, ICP,

ICTAN, ICTJA, ICTP, ICV, IDAEA, IEGD, IESA, IETCC, IFISC, IFS,

IIM, ILLA, IMEDEA, IMF, INCAR, INGENIO, IPE, IPP, IQOG, ITQ,

MNCN, RJB

CONTENIDO

Papers ...................... 2

Noticias relevantes... 6

Webs de interés ....... 8

Convocatorias .......... 9

Eventos virtuales ..... 9

HOT TOPICS DE LA SEMANA

Calidad publicaciones

Distanciamiento social

Secuelas de COVID-19

Igualdad de género

Economía en la

desescalada

Ciencia en decisiones

políticas

Semana 11/05—17/05

Desescalada FASE 0-1

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Hot topics: Calidad publicaciones; Nuestros mayores; Cierre de escuelas; Distanciamiento social; Confianza en la ciencia

National and global spread of COVID-19 is accelerating. To

reduce COVID-19-related hospitalisations, intensive care

unit admissions and deaths, we recommend that those aged

between 60 and 69 years are particularly stringent when

implementing public health measures such as social

distancing and personal hygiene. In the absence of

government guidance, people in this group can make their

own informed decisions on how to minimise their risks of

COVID-19 infection. This can include isolating themselves

in a similar manner to that recommended by the UK

government for people aged 70 years and over.

Autor: Osama, T.; Pankhania, B.; Majeed, A. (2020).

PROTECTING OLDER PEOPLE FROM COVID-19: SHOULD THE UNITED KINGDOM START AT AGE 60?

SEARCHING FOR SARS-COV-2 ON PARTICULATE

MATTER: A POSSIBLE EARLY INDICATOR OF COVID-19

EPIDEMIC RECURRENCE

The presence of SARS-COV-2 RNA on the particulate

matter of Bergamo, which is not far from Milan and

represents the epicenter of the Italian epidemic, seems to

confirm (at least in case of atmospheric stability and high

PM concentrations, as it usually occurs in Northern Italy)

that the virus can create clusters with the particles and be

carried and detected on PM10. Although no assumptions

can be made concerning the link between this first

experimental finding and COVID-19 outbreak progression

or severity, the presence of SARS-COV-2 RNA on PM10 of

outdoor air samples in any city of the world could represent

a potential early indicator of COVID-19 diffusion. Searching

for the viral genome on particulate matter could therefore

be explored among the possible strategies for adopting all

the necessary preventive measures before future epidemics

start.

Autores: Setti, L., Passarini, F., De Gennaro, G., Barbieri, P.,

Pallavicini, A., Ruscio, M., ... & Miani, A. (2020).

2

THE ARMCHAIR EPIDEMIOLOGISTS

The pandemic has triggered its own oft-repeated tropes. Like

‘no-one has had enough of experts now’ or variants thereon

(see this piece in the Irish Times). Or that while it’s good to

be guided by the science, the “science” is not just a single

monolithic block of knowledge (here’s an excellent piece by

Dominic Abrams). Here are OSR’s modest suggestions for

additional tropes that ought to be repeated widely, based on

our perspective as regulators of the statistics system. We are

all armchair epidemiologists now. People looking keenly at

the daily graphs and bar charts on the progress of the

pandemic. We are looking for patterns, for change, for a

flattening of the curve. We are building hypotheses from the

data like veteran disease modellers. We have become

armchair epidemiologists. We are seeing the power of

statistics to inform, to paint a picture. Trustworthiness really

matters. It’s crucial to be clear what stats do and don’t say.

Don’t forget data quality. Nor Dark Data. Publish as a

default. Equality of access at the heart of it all. In fact, this

principle of equality of access is at the heart of everything.

After all, without published statistics, there can be no

armchair epidemiologists. Autor: Office for Statistics Regula-

tion UK

Autor: Ed Humpherson, Director General, Office for

Statistics Regulation UK

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implementing public health measures such as social

distancing and personal hygiene. In the absence of

in a similar manner to that recommended by the UK

TRUST IN SCIENCE AND EXPERTS DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN ITALY

LOWER STATE COVID-19 DEATHS AND CASES WITH EARLIER SCHOOL CLOSURE IN THE U.S.

This study quantifies the relationship between school closure timing and COVID-19

deaths and cases in the general population in all U.S. states. COVID-19 has higher sym-

ptomatic infection rates among the elderly, suggesting school closures could be unrela-

ted to transmission. However, predicting daily cumulative COVID-19 deaths by state,

earlier school closure is related to fewer deaths per capita and slower growth in deaths

per capita. Results are similar for COVID-19 cases per capita.

Autora: Rauscher, Emily (2020)

SPECIES DISTRIBUTION

MODELS ARE

INAPPROPRIATE FOR

COVID-19 NATURE

ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION

Species distribution models are

a powerful tool for ecological

inference, but not every use is

biologically justified. Applying

these tools to the COVID-19

pandemic is unlikely to yield

new insights, and could mislead

policymakers at a critical

moment.

Autores: Carlson, Colin Jr et al.

(2020)

ESTIMATING EXCESS

DEATHS IN THE UNITED

STATES EARLY IN THE

COVID-19 PANDEMIC

With the semiparametric meth-

od, we estimated 257-1024

more deaths in Illinois than

COVID-19 case numbers

(excess mortality 95% CI (939,

1706) vs. 682 COVID-19

deaths); 218-741 more deaths in

Massachusetts (95% CI (904,

1427) vs. 686 COVID-19

deaths); 313-1100 more deaths

in Michigan (95% CI (1704,

2491), vs. 1391 COVID-19

deaths); 2348-3661 more

deaths in New Jersey (95% CI

(4528, 5844), vs. 2183 COVID-

19 deaths); and 5875-9738

more deaths in New York State

(168-213% more) (95% CI

(14502, 18365) vs. 8627 COVID

-19 deaths). Conclusions:

Official COVID-19 mortality

figures substantially understate

actual mortality and also

suggest substantially greater

case fatality rates. Improving

mortality data dissemination

may improve public adherence

to non-pharmaceutical inter-

ventions and reduce mortality

in future pandemics.

Autor: Rivera, Roberto et al.

2020)

3

the daily graphs and bar charts on the progress of the

pandemic. We are looking for patterns, for change, for a

armchair epidemiologists. We are seeing the power of

t forget data quality. Nor Dark Data. Publish as a

Autor: Ed Humpherson, Director General, Office for

Trust in science and experts is extremely important in times of epidemics to ensure

compliance with public health measures. Yet little is known about how this trust

evolves while an epidemic is underway. In this paper, we examine the dynamics of

trust in science and experts in real-time as the high-impact epidemic of Coronavirus

(COVID-19) unfolds in Italy, by drawing on digital trace data from Twitter and survey

data collected online via Telegram and Facebook. Both Twitter and Telegram data

point to initial increases in reliance on and information-seeking from scientists and

health authorities with the diffusion of the disease. Consistent with these increases,

using a separately fielded online survey we find that knowledge about health

information linked to COVID-19 and support for containment measures was fairly

widespread. Trust in science, relative to trust in institutions (e.g. local or national

government), emerges as a consistent predictor of both knowledge and containment

outcomes. However, over time and as the epidemic peaks, we detect a slowdown and

turnaround in reliance and information-seeking from scientists and health authorities,

which we interpret as signs of an erosion in trust. This is supported by a novel survey

experiment, which finds that those holding incorrect beliefs about COVID-19 give no

or lower importance to information about the virus when the source of such

information is known to be scientific.

Autor: Battiston, Pietro; Kashyap, Ridhi and Rotondi, Valentina (2020)

POLARIZATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH: PARTISAN DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL DISTANCING DURING THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC

This paper studies partisan differences in Americans’ response to the covid-19

pandemic. political leaders and media outlets on the right and left have sent divergent

messages about the severity of the crisis, which could impact the extent to which

republicans and democrats engage in social distancing and other efforts to reduce

disease transmission. We develop a simple model of a pandemic response with

heterogeneous agents that clarifies the causes and consequences of heterogeneous

responses. We use location data from a large sample of smartphones to show that areas

with more republicans engage in less social distancing, controlling for other factors

including state policies, population density, and local covid cases and deaths. We then

present new survey evidence of significant gaps between republicans and democrats in

beliefs about personal risk and the future path of the pandemic.

Autor: Allcott, Hunt and Boxell et al. (2020)

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Hot topics: Secuelas en la salud; Esperanza de vida; Igualdad de género; Seguimiento; Cuidados familiares

At 10% prevalence rate, the loss in life expectancy at birth is

likely above 1 year in North America and Europe and in Latin

America and the Caribbean. In South Eastern Asia and in

Sub-Saharan Africa, one year lost in life expectancy

corresponds to a prevalence of infection of about 15% and 25%,

respectively. Given the uncertainty in fatality rates, with a

prevalence of COVID-19 infections of 50% under 95%

prediction intervals, life expectancy would drop by 3 to 9 years

in North America and Europe, by 3 to 8 years in Latin America

and the Caribbean, by 2 to 7 years in South Eastern Asia and by

1 to 4 in Sub-Saharan Africa. In all prevalence scenarios, as long

as the prevalence rate of COVID-19 infection remains below 1 or

2%, COVID-19 would not affect life expectancy in a substantial

manner. Interpretation In the regions with relatively high life

expectancy, for a prevalence of infection threshold above 1 or

2%, the COVID-19 pandemic will break the secular trend of

increasing life expectancy resulting in a decline in period life

expectancy. With life expectancy being a key indicator of

human development, mortality increase, especially among the

vulnerable subgroups of populations would set the country back

on their path of human development.

Autores: Marois,Guillaume; Muttarak, Raya and Scherbov,

Sergei (2020)

ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON LIFE EXPECTANCY

PREDICTIVE MONITORING OF COVID-19

During the current COVID-19 pandemic, there have

been various efforts to forecast the infection cases,

deaths and medical or economic indicators. Various

models and methods have been adopted or developed

for different prediction contexts and purposes. Some

of the forecasting projects have influenced the

policies in some countries. However, the prediction

of future is uncertain by nature. No model or data can

accurately represent the complex, dynamic and

heterogenous realities of the pandemic in different

countries. In this case, we do not aim to make perfect

predictions about the future or test how accurate a

prediction will be. Instead, to address the uncertainty

of predictions in dynamic real-world scenarios, we

explore the potentials of using predictive monitoring,

or namely continually monitoring predictions, for not

just stable predictions but also changes of

predictions, to derive implications regarding what are

happening now in the real world and also make the

planning, behaviour and mentality now be more

“future-informed”.

Autor: Luo, J. (2020).

4

Virologist Peter Piot, director of the London School of Hygiene

& Tropical Medicine, fell ill with COVID-19 in mid-March. He

spent a week in a hospital and has been recovering at his home

in London since. Climbing a flight of stairs still leaves him

breathless.: “Many people think COVID-19 kills 1% of patients,

and the rest get away with some flulike symptoms. But the story

gets more complicated. Many people will be left with chronic

kidney and heart problems. Even their neural system is disrupt-

ed...”

Autor: Dirk Draulans (2020)

‘FINALLY, A VIRUS GOT ME.’ SCIENTIST WHO FOUGHT EBOLA AND HIV REFLECTS ON FACING DEATH FROM COVID-19.

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OTROS ARTÍCULOS DE INTERÉS

Social distancing amidst a crisis in social isolation and loneliness

[Cudjoe, T.K.M. y Kotwal, A.A. (2020)]

Family-Centered Care During the COVID-19 [Hart, J.L.; Turnbull, A.E.;

Oppenheim, I.M.; Courtright, K.R. (2020)]

BETRAYAL OF TRUST?

THE IMPACT. OF THE

COVID-19 GLOBAL

PANDEMIC ON OLDER

PERSONS.

Overall, we highlight that the

impact of emergency triage

decisions and robust public

health preventive measures

during this pandemic may

exert a disproportionate

impact on older persons. We

signal that even in challenging

times such as these, dignity

and rights of older people

must, and can, be preserved.

To optimize physical and

mental health of older persons

during these moments of

extreme restrictions, we argue

that public health measures to

control the pandemic should

be accompanied and balanced

with supportive programs that

will protect older persons from

physical and mental decline.

To avoid “betrayal of trust” in

the times of pandemic, we

must protect older people’s

rights, on one hand, by

ensuring that the allocation of

scarce life-saving resources is

solely based on clinical

judgments and not fueled by

ageism, stereotypes, and

biases, and on the other hand,

by providing safe, innovative,

and accessible supportive

services that will help older

people maintain their physical

and mental health.

Autor: Landry, M.; Van den

Bergh, G.; Hjelle, K.M.; Ja-

lovcic, D.; Tuntland, H.K.

(2020)

5

Existing studies commonly rely on national official reports to estimate the impact of

COVID-19 on human life. This is problematic because classification, estimation and

reporting of COVID-19 mortality are not consistent across countries. To overcome

these problems, this study exploits all cause daily death registrations data provided

by the Italian Statistical Office (ISTAT) from January 1 to April 15, 2020. This allows

us to: 1) calculate excess mortality in 2020 compared to the average of the years

2015 to 2019; and 2) estimate life expectancy on a seasonal and annual basis.

Focusing on the five most severely hit provinces in Italy (Bergamo, Brescia,

Cremona, Lodi and Piacenza) and Lombardy region, this analysis captures the

impact of COVID-19 on mortality and life expectancy, which are likely to be

underestimated when only national level data are considered. We find that seasonal

life expectancy in 2020 in the five provinces reduced by 5.1 to 7.8 and 3.2 to 5.8

years for men and women, respectively. For annual life expectancy for the year 2020,

in a scenario with no harvesting effect i.e. mortality rates resume to an average level

of the years 2015-2019 after the end of the first epidemic wave, the years of life lost is

equivalent to 2 to 3.5 years for men and 1.1. to 2.5 years for women in the five

provinces. This represents the largest decline in life expectancy after the 1918

influenza pandemic and the Second World War.

Autor: Ghislandi, Simone et al.(2020)

THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON GENDER EQUALITY

The economic downturn caused by the current COVID-19 outbreak has substantial

implications for gender equality, both during the downturn and the subsequent

recovery. Compared to “regular” recessions, which affect men’s employment more

severely than women’s employment, the employment drop related to social distancing

measures has a large impact on sectors with high female employment shares. In

addition, closures of schools and daycare centers have massively increased child care

needs, which has a particularly large impact on working mothers. The effects of the

crisis on working mothers are likely to be persistent, due to high returns to experience

in the labor market. Beyond the immediate crisis, there are opposing forces which

may ultimately promote gender equality in the labor market. First, businesses are

rapidly adopting flexible work arrangements, which are likely to persist. Second,

there are also many fathers who now have to take primary responsibility for child

care, which may erode social norms that currently lead to a lopsided distribution of

the division of labor in house work and child care.

Autor: Alon, Titan M. et al.(2020)

NEWS FROM THE FRONT: ESTIMATION OF EXCESS MORTALITY AND LIFE EXPECTANCY IN THE MAJOR EPICENTERS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN ITALY

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HOW CAN

RESEARCHERS

SUPPORT

PARLIAMENT IN ITS

SCRUTINY OF THE

GOVERNMENT’S

DECISIONS AND

ACTIONS AROUND

THE COVID-19

OUTBREAK?

The COVID-19 pandemic

and the conditions of

uncertainty that surround

it have led to an

unprecedented demand for

knowledge from Parlia-

ment and policymakers. In

this post, Parliament’s

Knowledge Exchange team

outline how researchers

can engage and contribute

to Parliament’s response to

the COVID-19 pandemic

and its wider impacts.

Autor: Foxen, Sarah; Saint,

Naomi and Laura Webb.

(2020) LSE impact blog.

GOOD SCIENCE IS

GOOD SCIENCE FOR

THE SAKE OF BOTH

SCIENCE AND ACTION

IN THE COVID-19

PANDEMIC, WE NEED

COLLABORATION

AMONG SPECIALISTS,

NOT SECTS

Scientists of all stripes

should work together to

improve public health, and

none should mistake a

professional tendency or a

specialist’s rule of thumb

for an unshakable

epistemological principle.

Autor: Marc Lipsitch,

Boston Review [12 May

2020 ]

ESTUDIO ENE-COVID19: PRIMERA RONDA ESTUDIO NACIONAL DE SERO-EPIDEMIOLOGÍA DE LA INFECCIÓN POR SARS-COV-2 EN ESPAÑA INFORME PRELIMINAR 13 DE MAYO DE 2020

Resultado provisionales del Estudio de seroprevalencia.

ENSEÑANZAS DEL CORONAVIRUS: 8 MEDIDAS PARA HACER CIUDADES MÁS HABITABLES Y SALUDABLES

6

Las ciudades pueden ser el problema, pero también la solución. Son centros de

innovación y creación de riqueza y tienden a ser más receptivas y ágiles en su

gobierno. Como parte de cualquier paquete de estímulos, las ciudades podrían y

deberían tomar medidas para convertirse en ciudades neutras de carbono, más

habitables y más saludables al cambiar sus prácticas actuales de planificación

urbana y de transporte.

NINE POLICY TABOOS OVERTURNED BY COVID-19

An economy is defined as a “circular flow of income”. One person’s spending is

another person’s income. National income is the sum of everyone’s spending and

loosely speaking, growth comes from increased velocity of that spending. Social

distancing or lockdown is a deliberate interruption in that flow of income. A

circuit-breaker for the virus is necessarily a circuit-breaker for the economy. The

pandemic-driven slowdown of 2020 is not an ordinary recession represented by a

slower pace of spending; it is a proactive attempt to freeze large parts of the

economy into standstill. To that extent, policy responses could not come from any

ordinary toolkit; they had to be focused on immediate pragmatism, not

philosophical tribalism.

10 TECHNOLOGY TRENDS TO WATCH IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

During the COVID-19 pandemic, technologies are playing a crucial role in keeping

our society functional in a time of lockdowns and quarantines. And these technolo-

gies may have a long-lasting impact beyond COVID-19.

STOP COVID OR SAVE THE ECONOMY? WE CAN DO BOTH

Contrary to what you’ve heard, shutting down the country is also the quickest way

to get it started back up again

Autor: David Rotman. MIT Technology Review

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OTRAS NOTICIAS RELEVANTES

Health data. The pandemic has spawned a new way to study medical

records It preserves confidentially while liberating useful information

Coronavirus and the social impacts on Great Britain

Americans Keep Clicking to Buy, Minting New Online Shopping Win-

ners. Change in consumer spending

Coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by occupation, England and

Wales: deaths registered up to and including 20 April 2020

Hot topics: Influencia ciencia en decisiones políticas; Economía en la desescalada; Políticas públicas; Stay-at-home economy

Many newspaper articles and commentaries are currently wondering what the

world post-COVID-19 will look like. In this blog, we are concerned with what it

should look like. In our first blog post in this series, we discussed what was wrong

with the Old Normal. In our second and third, we detailed four elements of a path

into a better New Normal. This fourth and concluding post presents the three

remaining elements of our proposed solution. This time we talk money.

THE PROBLEM OF MODELLING. PUBLIC POLICY AND THE CORONAVIRUS

7

Las ciudades pueden ser el problema, pero también la solución. Son centros de

innovación y creación de riqueza y tienden a ser más receptivas y ágiles en su

habitables y más saludables al cambiar sus prácticas actuales de planificación

IS STAYING IN THE NEW GOING OUT? HOW THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IS FUELLING THE STAY-AT-HOME ECONOMY

The COVID-19 pandemic is fuelling the growth of the stay-at-home economy.

E-commerce and grocery delivery services can test new concepts to better meet

consumer needs for convenience and health and well-being. The pandemic is likely

to speed up adoption of video streaming and online education, and contribute to

more inclusive access.

Autor: World Economic Forum [14th May 2020]

¿QUÉ EDAD TIENEN LOS

ANCIANOS?

En plena crisis del COVID-19,

hoy más que nunca los concep-

tos de “anciano”, “tercera

edad”, “personas mayores”,

“abuelos”,etc. necesitan de una

objetivación social que nos

permita, además de ser

“políticamente correctos”, defi-

nir debidamente al grupo so-

cial que representan dichos

conceptos.

BLOG MEDIUM THE NEW NORMAL

¿Qué políticas públicas son las más apropiadas para contextos de "incertidumbre

radical"? Los modelos valen lo que los datos que se introducen en ellos" y en estos

contextos los datos cambian, es necesario aprender continuamente de otros y de lo

errores. Hay que olvidarse de los prejuicios y la descentralización puede ser una

gran ventaja para la gestión

Autor: Paul Collier , Times [24 abril, 2020]

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8

PÁGINAS WEB DE INTERÉS

1.- INE Información estadística para el análisis del impacto de la crisis

COVID-19: Recopila información para el estudio de distintos fenómenos que pueden ser de

interés para analizar la situación económica, social y demográfica del periodo de alerta sanitaria

provocada por los efectos de la COVID-19. Se presentan indicadores, gráficos e informes que el

INE elabora habitualmente como parte de su actividad estadística, así como otros materiales

preparados específicamente para un mejor seguimiento de la realidad durante la actual crisis.

2.- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. COVID 19

information

3.- Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Coronavirus (COVID-19)

4.- Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center

5.- OpenSAFELY: A new secure analytics platform for electronic health records in the NHS,

created to deliver urgent results during the global COVID-19 emergency. It is delivering analyses

across more than 24 mill. patients’ full pseudonymised primary care NHS records, with more to

follow shortly. All our analytic software is open for security review, scientific review, and re-use.

Uses a new model for enhanced security and timely access to data: we don ’t transport large

volumes of potentially disclosive pseudonymised patient data off-site; instead, trusted analysts

can run large scale computation across live pseudonymised patient records inside the data centre

of the electronic health records software company. This pragmatic and secure approach has

allowed us to deliver our first analyses in just five weeks from project start.

6.- Nuevo recurso del Centro Nacional de Epidemiología

7.- Longitudinal Covid-19 studies in countries internationally exploring the

effects of the pandemic on mental health: Repositorio muy interesante de estudios

longitudinales que se están desarrollando en el mundo.

8.- Epidemias y salud global Reflexiones desde la Historia

9.- Biblioteca Virtual del CSIC Recursos sobre COVID19

10.- British Library online: recuerda los diferentes repositorios en los que se están

diseminando preprints, working papers y research data

11.- L’#Observatoire_19: Proyecto dedicado a evaluar los efectos de la pandemia sobre el

Periodismo. Aborda la censura estatal, la desinformación deliberada y sus efectos sobre el dere-

cho a la información fiable. Trata de proporcionar recomendaciones para promover la práctica

del periodismo.

12.- OCDE Country Policy Tracker: What are countries doing to contain the spread of

the coronavirus? How are countries helping people, small businesses and the economy to weather

the crisis and beyond? This Country Policy Tracker helps you to navigate the global response.

13.- University of Oxford. CORONAVIRUS GOVERNMENT RESPONSE

TRACKER: Systematic information on which governments have taken which measures, and

when, can help decision-makers and citizens understand the robustness of governmental

responses in a consistent way, aiding efforts to fight the pandemic. The Oxford COVID-19

Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) systematically collects information on several different

common policy responses governments have taken, scores the stringency of such measures, and

aggregates these scores into a common Stringency Index.

14.- Acción Matemática contra el Coronavirus Comité Español de

Matemáticas: Repositorio de fuentes de datos y web de interés relacionadas con COVID19.

15.- Worldmeters. Web con sección especial de COVID19

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Recuerda que puedes encontrar información de TODAS las convocatorias abiertas en la wiki de la PTI Salud Global

1.- Social Research Call 2020. La Caixa Foundation.

2.- SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020-2D (RIA). “Social and economic im-

pacts of the outbreak response”

3.- EIT-Health.

EIT Health was established in 2015, as a ‘knowledge and innovation communi-

ty’ (KIC) of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). The EIT is

made up of various KICs who each focus on a different sector, or area, of innovation

– in our case, that is health and aging. The idea behind the EIT KICs is that innova-

tion flourishes best when the right people are brought together to share expertise.

The so called ‘knowledge triangle’, is the principle that when experts from business,

research and education work together as one, an optimal environment for innova-

tion is created. EIT Health is seeking to build a strong and impactful portfolio of

activities to run in 2021 and beyond. With this call for proposals, we specify what

activities we are expecting and explain the details on how to participate.

CONVOCATORIAS ABIERTAS

9

VIRTUAL EVENTS OR WORKSHOPS

1.- The IUSSP will hold the first roundtable discussion of its webinar series next

Wednesday 20th of May at 13:00 UTC (9:00 in New York, 15:00 in Paris, 18:30 in

New Delhi) on "Positioning population studies to understand the short and long-

term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic". Panelists Alberto Palloni

(IEGD), Parfait Eloundou- Enyegue and Sonalde Desai. Moderated by Zeba Sathar.

Please register (in advance) to attend this zoom webinar here. (The webinar is limited

to 500 attendees).

2.- Call for nominations: IPBES workshop on biodiversity and pandemics

Considering the extraordinary situation caused by the novel Coronavirus and given

the role that IPBES can play in strengthening the knowledge base on biodiversity

links of current and future pandemics such as COVID-19 and in reaching a wide

public, the IPBES Bureau and Multidisciplinary Expert Panel, after recent

discussions, decided that IPBES will organize a virtual Platform workshop on the link

between biodiversity and pandemics, from 27-31 July 2020.

3.- Population, Climate Change and Food Security May 18 2020

World Population Deputy Program Director Raya Muttarak is organizing a cyberse-

minar on 18-25 May 2020 in the context of the Population and Environment Net-

works (PERN) that she is also chairing.

4.- La démographie des

décès par COVID-19 :

mise à disposition de

données internationa-

les le Vendredi 15 Mai

2020 à de 16h à 17h la pré-

sentation par l’équipe du

site sera suivie d’une discu-

ssion collective sur des pro-

jets d’analyses de ces

données avec tous les co-

llègues intéressés

Abierto en video conferen-

cia en el siguiente link

ID de reunión : 992 1176

0733/ Contraseña : 014437

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NUESTRA WIKI

Para información

actualizada de la

actividad de las temáticas

puedes consultar la wiki

de la PTI Salud Global

OTRA INFORMACIÓN QUE DEBES CONOCER

Puedes consultar la web pública de la PTI Salud Global para

conocer más noticias y novedades de la actividad de nuestros

investigadores en la lucha contra la pandemia provocada por la

COVID-19

Y si tienes cualquier consulta , puedes hacérnosla llegar a través del

email: [email protected]