January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh 1 Project SIGMA Principal Investigators: Anthony P.Macmillan Coxon, PhD Hon. Professorial Fellow, Graduate School of SPS, University of Edinburgh Thomas J. McManus, FRCOG Consultant, Royal London Hospital Project SIGMA, Edinburgh and Sigma Research (London) together constitute PROJECT SIGMA Researching and Serving the Gay and Bisexual Community for 18 years
33
Embed
Principal Investigators: Anthony P.Macmillan Coxon, PhD
Principal Investigators: Anthony P.Macmillan Coxon, PhD Hon. Professorial Fellow, Graduate School of SPS, University of Edinburgh Thomas J. McManus, FRCOG Consultant, Royal London Hospital Project SIGMA, Edinburgh and Sigma Research (London) together constitute PROJECT SIGMA. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
1
Project SIGMA
Principal Investigators:Anthony P.Macmillan Coxon, PhD
Hon. Professorial Fellow, Graduate School of SPS, University of Edinburgh
Thomas J. McManus, FRCOGConsultant, Royal London Hospital
Project SIGMA, Edinburgh and Sigma Research (London) together constitute
PROJECT SIGMA
Researching and Serving the Gay and Bisexual Community for 18 years
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
2
Project SIGMA
What’s
UNIQUE
about……. Sexual Diaries?
byProfessor Tony Macmillan CoxonSSPS, University of Edinburgh, Project Sigma
PARTICULARSPECIAL
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
3
Project SIGMA
DIARIES
Only good girls keep diaries. Bad girls don’t have the time.
Tallulah Bankhead (1903 – 1968) US Actress
What is a diary as a rule? A document useful to the person who keeps it, dull to the contemporary who reads it, invaluable to the student, centuries afterwards, who treasures it!
Ellen Terry (1847–1928) British actress,The Story of
My Life, Ch. 14
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
4
Project SIGMA
I never travel without my diary. One should always have something sensational to read in the train Oscar Wilde (1895) The Importance of Being
Earnest
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
5
Project SIGMA
0: BACKGROUND From earliest SIGMA pre-tests in 1982, estimates and self-
reports of frequency of sexual behaviours were shown to be [1988b]:
unreliable (test-retest;repeat questions in interview)
retrospection- biased
detail and accuracy of reports dependent (inversely) on elapse time
1-week retrospective “work-back from today” showed even 3-day lapse distorted detail and only gross properties survived
“chunked” (suspicious rounding of numbers and “grossing up”
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
6
Project SIGMA
... This led to basic re-thinking & development:
development of a schema/model of “structure of sexual behaviour” [1992] (which determined both form of Sexual Behaviour Inventory used in
interview schedule AND format for sexual diary method)
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
7
Project SIGMA
method of sexual diaries (Self-administered; month-long) to make possible ....
reliable, valid, accurate measurement of
detailed sexual behaviour and sequences of behaviour
in a contextual and relational setting.
Reduce retrospection bias; S.D.s are a non (interviewer)-reactive method (cf interpretation of “the condom broke”)
BAPN Both-Active-Passive-Neither: Modality (Sexual Role) Analysis by sexual act
5,35
COLLECT
Sexual Session length distribution and Mean length
36
CONDOM Percentage of sessions in which a condom was used
36
COOCUR Co-occurrence of sexual acts in a session. (Different definitions of co-occurrence: act-specific and session specific)
7-8;37
CPSANAL
Co-occurrence (similarity, symmetric), Precedence (asymmetric: how often a precedes b); Successor (asymmetric: how often a succeeds b). Output matrix to Scaling and Clustering programs.
7-8;39
EVER Prevalence (How often a sexual act has ever been done)
39
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
15
Project SIGMA
FREQACT Frequency of (sexual) act by modality 40-41
GINI / LORENZ
Frequency (and cumulative) frequency of Individuals who do exactly n acts and of Acts (basis for Lorenz distribution, qv) and Gini Coefficient
Suppl.
KWIC Key-word-in-context: Instances of specified modality/act in context of session, centred and referenced
43
MARKER Analysis of sexual acts that start and end sessions, and of the “destination” of the ejaculate/s, if it/they occur
44-5
MEDPOL Median Polish Tukey Means analysis of 2-way table, defined by SIGMA types
Suppl.
RISK Frequency of type and destination of outcome (ejaculation) by sexual act ( Anal Intercourse, Fellatio or Masturbation; denominator can be N Acts or N Individuals
8, 45-46
SESSTYPE
Session-Type: typology of sessions in terms of: Solo-Quick(1-act) - Role (preponderance of Active or Passive role) - Reciprocated - Other
9, 47
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
16
Project SIGMA
WHAT FOR? Applications
Primarily...
Counts of incidence and prevalence of sexual practices & variants, on both {Individual/month} and {Acts/month} bases
In contextual / sequential / vocational environment
Public Sex Environments (cottaging, tea-room) [1996] times – weekends, holidays, at parents
Different subgroups: SM/Leather [1996], Minority Ethnic groups; Young gay men
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
18
Project SIGMA
BRIEF EXAMPLE ... Concentration
• Example which combines Individual with Acts data derived from diaries.
• Concentration is akin to Property/Income distribution: What Percent of Individuals “own” what Percent of Risk Activity?
• Inter-relating two distributions cumulatively
• Useful Equality baseline ... where n% of individuals own n% of risk activity ... allows us to see how far actual concentration departs from equal shares ... Gini Coefficient.
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
19
Project SIGMA
BRIEF EXAMPLE ... Concentration/cont.
• This needs two cumulative distributions
• ... cross-related to each other
• to produce Lorenz diagram and
• measure of departure from “equal shares”
• and then go on to examine characteristics of the distribution and who the “risk-rich” are
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
20
Project SIGMA
(i) No of acts of anal inter-course (to ejaculation)
per/month
(ii)N of men (diary/m)
(Iii)Percent of men
(iv)Cumulative % of men
(v) N of acts ofanal in-tercourse
(vi)Percentof acts
(vii)Cumulative % acts
1 244 38.9 38.9% 244 9.8% 9.8%
2 136 21.7 60.5 272 11.0 20.8
3 62 9.9 70.4 186 7.5 28.3
4 49 7.8 78.2 196 7.9 36.2
5 34 5.4 83.6 170 6.9 43.1
6 20 3.2 86.8 120 4.8 47.9
7 11 1.8 88.5 77 3.1 51.0
8 13 2.1 90.6 104 4.2 55.2
9 7 1.1 91.7 63 2.5 57.7
10-19 36 5.7 97.5 466 18.8 76.5
20-49 14 2.2 99.7 405 16.3 92.8
50-104 2 (=628)
0.3 100.0 178=2481
7.2 100.0
Distributions of acts of anal intercourse to ejaculation (AIE) per month
Mean = 3.8, Md = 2 acts of AI/month. IQR = 3
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
21
Project SIGMA
% of Total Acts of AI per month
(SIGMA diary data)
No. of acts of AI/month
Pe
rc
en
ta
ge
0
10
20
30
40
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Percentage of acts of AI accounted for by those who do exactly x acts a month
Constituent Distributions of anal intercourse
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
22
Project SIGMA
% of Individuals who have exactly X acts of AI/month
(SIGMA diary data)
No. of acts of AI/month
Percen
tag
e
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Percentage of individuals who do exactly x acts of AI a month
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
23
Project SIGMA
Lorenz curve of all acts of Anal Intercourse/month
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
24
Project SIGMA
TYPE OF AIE[1]
UNPROTECTED WITH CONDOM
SummaryCharacteristics:
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
NUMBERS INVOLVED:No. of fuck-acts/month No. of individuals
Sexual Diaries….. At the humblest level, offer a markedly
different, non-reactive contrast to SAQ/interview data on sexual behaviour
data are more like a “trace” than an account; the significant data are “read-off” the sexual accounts, not estimated by the respondent
relate both acts and individuals and allow their integration ( e.g. concentration)
January 2004 Sociology, University of Edinburgh
32
Project SIGMA
CONCLUSIONSSexual Diaries…..
can be interpreted not only as scripts, but linguistically as a simple code (language) and as free text, thus making semantic and grammatical analysis possible ( e.g. KWIC, co-occurr)
allow development and definition of higher-level categories (risk; “oriented risk”, power session...)
allow definition of rules, patterns sequences of any complexity, which can be defined, retrieved, & tested