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A. Barg, M. Lyman, S.C. Morris, C.L. Saltzman Primary vs. Revision Ankle Arthrodesis: Comparison of Fusion and Complication Rates Department of Orthopaedics AOFAS Annual Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, 20 th 23 rd July 2016
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Primary vs. Revision Ankle Comparison of Fusion and ... · Primary vs. Revision Ankle Arthrodesis: Comparison of Fusion and Complication Rates ... The mean time to final follow‐up

May 22, 2018

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Page 1: Primary vs. Revision Ankle Comparison of Fusion and ... · Primary vs. Revision Ankle Arthrodesis: Comparison of Fusion and Complication Rates ... The mean time to final follow‐up

A. Barg, M. Lyman, S.C. Morris, C.L. Saltzman

Primaryvs.RevisionAnkleArthrodesis:ComparisonofFusion

andComplicationRates

Department of Orthopaedics

AOFAS Annual Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, 20th‐23rd July 2016

Page 2: Primary vs. Revision Ankle Comparison of Fusion and ... · Primary vs. Revision Ankle Arthrodesis: Comparison of Fusion and Complication Rates ... The mean time to final follow‐up

No conflict to disclose

Disclosure

Page 3: Primary vs. Revision Ankle Comparison of Fusion and ... · Primary vs. Revision Ankle Arthrodesis: Comparison of Fusion and Complication Rates ... The mean time to final follow‐up

Ankle arthrodesis is the standard treatment option in patients with end‐stage ankle osteoarthritis1‐3

Osseous non‐union or delayed union are major complications following ankle arthrodesis4,5

The risk of non‐union in patients with primary open ankle arthrodesis is 9%6

Revision ankle arthrodesis is the most common salvage procedure in patients with osseous non‐union7‐11

Only few studies have evaluated clinical outcome in patients with revision ankle arthrodesis

AnkleArthrodesisIntroduction Patients and Methods Results Discussion

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The objectives of this retrospective study were to compare patients with primary vs. revision tibiotalar arthrodesis:

– demographics– surgical technique– postoperative fusion rates– postoperative complication rates

ObjectivesIntroduction Patients and Methods Results Discussion

Page 5: Primary vs. Revision Ankle Comparison of Fusion and ... · Primary vs. Revision Ankle Arthrodesis: Comparison of Fusion and Complication Rates ... The mean time to final follow‐up

Study design– patient identification by searching the University of Utah Department of Orthopaedics’ medical database between March 2002 and November 2014

Patients:– 455 ankle arthrodeses in total

• 385 ankles with primary arthrodesis• 70 ankles with revision arthrodesis

– 234 male and 221 female with a mean age of 56±15 years (range, 18‐89 years)

– both patient groups were compared with regard to demographics and comorbidities

PatientsIntroduction Patients and Methods Results Discussion

Page 6: Primary vs. Revision Ankle Comparison of Fusion and ... · Primary vs. Revision Ankle Arthrodesis: Comparison of Fusion and Complication Rates ... The mean time to final follow‐up

SurgicalTechniqueIntroduction Patients and Methods Results Discussion

Technique Primary AD Revision AD P Value

Approach open/AS 322/63 70/0 <0.001

Approachanteriorposteriorlateralmedialmed./lat.

12822201331

19113325

0.021

Main fixationscrewsplateblade plateIM nailext. fix.

25766201824

102319711

<0.001

Autograft use 275/110 49/21 0.886

Allograft use 107/278 38/32 <0.001

BMP use 44/341 30/40 <0.001

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SurgicalTechniqueIntroduction Patients and Methods Results Discussion

A 53‐year‐old female patient who presented with tibiotalar non‐union 9.6 months following open tibiotalar arthrodesis with screw fixation. Revision ankle arthrodesis was performed using an anterior plate fixation.

A 38‐year‐old female patient who presented with tibiotalar non‐union 7.5 months following arthroscopic tibiotalar arthrodesis with screw fixation. Revision ankle arthrodesis was performed using screws fixation.

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RadiographicAssessmentIntroduction Patients and Methods Results Discussion

Parameter Primary AD Revision AD P ValueMedial distal tibial angle 87.8 ± 6.2 88.5 ± 6.0 0.466

Tibiotalar tilt ‐0.7 ± 9.5 ‐1.3 ± 10.5 0.747Calcaneal moment arm ‐4.4 ± 21.9 7.1 ± 17.3 0.023

Anterior distal tibial angle 82.1 ± 7.1 83.5 ± 9.6 0.247

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The mean time to final follow‐up was 38±27 months (range, 12‐150 months)

OsseousUnionIntroduction Patients and Methods Results Discussion

Parameter Primary AD Revision AD P ValueMean follow‐up (range) 38 (12‐150) 40 (12‐126) 0.736

Osseous union yes/no/delayed 251/37/97 49/6/15 0.735

Mean time to osseous union (range)

5.0 (1.3‐18.2) 4.7 (1.9‐12.3) 0.900

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The complication rate was comparable in both groups The rate of secondary surgeries was comparable in both groups:

– removal of hardware was the most common secondary procedure in both groups

ComplicationsIntroduction Patients and Methods Results Discussion

Parameter Primary AD Revision AD P ValueWound complications sf/deep/none

76/26/283 15/7/48 0.565

Thrombemboliccomplications PE/DVT/none

2/10/373 1/1/68 0.583

Return to OR 127/258 29/41 0.137

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The rate of osseous union was comparable in both groups with 90.4% and 91.4% in patients with primary and revision arthrodesis, respectively (P = 0.735)

Similar to the current literature:– Easley et al.,10 45 patients, union rate 88.9%– O’Connor et al.,11 82 patients, union rate 77%

In our study, patients with revision ankle arthrodesis has similar complication rate as patients with primary ankle arthrodesis

DiscussionIntroduction Patients and Methods Results Discussion

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1. Nihal et al., Foot Ankle Surg 2008; 14:1‐102. Rammelt et al., Foot Ankle Int 2013; 34:1245‐553. Shah & Younger, Foot Ankle Clin 2011; 16:115‐364. Cooper, Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001; 391:33‐445. Kitaoka, Instr Course Lect 1999; 48:255‐616. Chalayon et al., Foot Ankle Int 2015; 36:1170‐97. Tulner et al., Acta Ortho 2011; 82:250‐28. Verhulst & Swierstra, Acta Ortho 2009; 80:256‐89. Cheng et al., Foot Ankle Int 2003; 24:321‐510. Easley et al., J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008; 90:1212‐2311. O’Connor et al., Foot Ankle Int 2016, epub ahead of print

References