Primary Source Analysis Portuguese population 1961-2003, in thousands, (2005 Data from FAO ) with emigration giving way to retornados , [2] [3] ranging from 500,000 to 1 million after the revolution.
Dec 31, 2015
Primary Source Analysis
Portuguese population 1961-2003, in thousands, (2005 Data from FAO) with emigration giving way to retornados,[2][3]ranging from 500,000 to 1 million after the revolution.
Means to Independence: Armed
Colonies seek independence by force
International support is needed for weapons
Usually lasted longer than negotiated independence
Long lasting issues
Means to Independence: Armed
Angola 1960’s: Soviet
influenced Guerillas fight Portugal
1974: Portuguese gov’t is overthrown by Portuguese citizens
1975: New government grants independence to Portuguese imperial possessions
Result: Redistribution of Resources
Retornados: 300,000 Portuguese leave for Portugal after
Independence Gov’t desires to redistribute abandoned
resources, but struggles to figure out: Who? What? When? Where? How?
Leads to conflict Angolan Civil War
Communist supported MPLA, eventual winner USSR and Cuba send resources and troops
Aids the “Spread of Communism”
Result: Transnational Movements Communism Pan-Arabism Pan-Africanism
“African peoples both on the continent and in the Diaspora, share not merely a common history, but a common destiny”
Pan-Africanism
Organization of African Unity / African Union Achieve greater unity
and solidarity between African countries and the peoples of Africa
Defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of its Member States
Result: Population Resettlement
Redrawing of Colonial boundaries Imposed boundaries Ex: India/Pakistan
Religious-based Partition
Hindus persecuted in Pakistan
(20%-1945, 1%-2003) Muslims persecuted in
India Forced migration
Result: Colonial Subject Migration Imperial powers view lax migration laws
as a form of apology to former colonies Algeria to France (After 1962) – Evian
Accord Seeking a “Better Life” Maintain family ties Fear of internal conflicts in Algeria
French Reaction is negative, but committed to Post-Colonial “Obligations”
Result: Colonial Subject Migration
DO NOT WRITE THIS!
Zinedine Zidane French National
Soccer Team Member
Parents were from Aguemoune Ath Slimane, Algeria
2006 World Cup Final
OIL REVENUE IN NIGERIA (5)
The Nigerian central government gains (and gained) a lot of its revenue from oil companies which pay a charge for the petroleum they ship out of Nigeria. This table shows the percentage of total government revenue which comes from these charges on oil. Year Percentage 1958-59 .08 1962-63 7.31 1966-67 18.26 1970-71 25.99 1974-75 80.81 1978-79 66.30 1982-83 67.00 1986-87 75.80 1989-90* 97.24 *Last year of information on the source. [Adapted from data in Eghosa E. Osaghae, Crippled Giant Nigeria Since Independence (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998), p. 20.]
www.ethnologue.com/statistics/country
Ethnolinguistic Diversity (6)
Living Languages Number of Speakers
Country Count
Percent
Indigenous
Immigrant
Total Mean Median
Nigeria 529 7.45 522 7 104,138,885
216,056
13,000
USA 420 5.91 214 206 278,640,074
787,119
440
Prompt (answer on your own) How did regional, religious, and ethnic
differences challenge the inherited imperial boundaries in Nigeria?
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20808106