PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANA TILLAGE IN BANANA PREVIOUS NEXT END
Dec 23, 2015
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANATILLAGE IN BANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANABANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
Banana is cultivated in four systems, viz., Garden land
cultivation, homestead or backyard cultivation, mixed
cultivation and multi-storey system.
Of four, garden land cultivation contributes major
production. Tillage is the mechanical manipulation of soil, a
prime operation carried out in banana cultivation.
Though primary and secondary tillage operations are made
in banana cultivation, primary tillages are having greater
importance than the secondary tillage operations.
Abstract:
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANABANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
Main primary tillage implements used in banana cultivation are
country plough, cultivator, mould board plough, disc plough and
chisel plough.
Among these, country plough and cultivator are mainly used,
though disc and mould board ploughing provides deep ploughing
and needed for banana growth.
Secondary tillages are not much important and implements such
as country plough, disc harrow, cultivator and puddler are used for
completing secondary tillages.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANAPRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
To study the role of primary and secondary tillages in banana
cultivation.
To learn the different primary and secondary tillage implements
used for banana field preparation.
Learning objectives:
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANABANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
Banana (Musa sp.) is widely grown with great socio-economic
significance in the world.
It is also a dessert fruit for millions, apart from a staple food owing to
its rich and easily digestible carbohydrates. Banana can be grown in
all kinds of soils having good drainage.
Tillage or ploughing the soil is the first and foremost operation carried
out in banana cultivation.
Tillage operations are carried out in two stages. viz., opening up of
soils (generally called as primary tillage) and pulverization of soils
(generally called as secondary tillage).
Introduction:
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANAPRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
Based on the availability of implement, land area required to plough
and technology available, different types of implements are used all
over the world.
Country plough was primitive plough used for carrying out tillage
operations in banana, but, now-a-days, many modern implements
such as mould board plough, disc plough, chisel plough, cultivator,
harrow etc. are replacing or used in addition.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANABANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
Depending upon resource availability, cultivars, traditions and
marketing, different production systems are adopted.
1. Garden land cultivation
Pit planting is commonly followed in garden land system of
cultivation. Pits of 60cm × 60cm × 60cm sizes are dug-out and
suckers are planted in the centre of the pit.
In Gujarat and Maharashtra (India), furrow planting is
practiced. After land preparation, 30–40cm deep furrows are
made, either manually or with a ridge plough. Suckers are
placed at required spacing
Systems of planting
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANABANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
Trench planting is practiced in wet land cultivation of Tamil Nadu
(India). Land is prepared like in paddy cultivation (puddling).
Planting is done by simple pressing the suckers into the wet field.
After that, trenches are formed, deepened and widened.
2. Homestead or backyard cultivation
In traditional growing regions, homestead cultivation of banana is
common.
Homestead farming is characterized by improper spacing,
inadequate use of fertilizer and pesticides, high productivity and
longer crop duration.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANABANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
Banana is planted predominantly as a commercial shade
crop for coffee contributing to income in initial years.
Perennial system of cultivation is another important
feature.
Banana is intercropped with palm crops (coconut and
arecanut) and also inter planted with ginger, turmeric,
elephant-foot yam, cotton, gourd and other vegetables to
exploit maximum income/unit area.
3. Mixed cultivation
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANABANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
4. Multi-storey system
High-density planting with coconut and arecanut forming the
upper-storey followed by banana, next with tapioca and lower-
most storey with Colocasia, turmeric, ginger and garlic. High
input management is its important feature.
Primary and secondary tillages in banana
Though there are four different systems of banana cultivation,
area and production is more in garden land cultivation.
In addition, mixed cultivation and multi-storey system are also
playing important role in banana cultivation
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANABANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
In any of cultivation method, primary and secondary tillage
operations are to be practiced to ease planting of banana.
The tillage operations followed in various parts of the world
are given below.
Primary tillage implements
The following are the primary tillage implements used in
banana cultivation.
Country plough, Cultivator, Mould board plough, Disc plough,
Sub-soiler and chisel plough
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANAPRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
In traditional areas, country ploughs are used
for opening up of soil. Two or three repeated
ploughings are made to plough the soil to a
depth of 15-25 cm with country plough.
Cultivators attached to tractors are replacing
the country ploughs in recent past.
There are 5 or 9 or 11 tyne cultivators, put in
use for ploughing the lands. Five tyne
cultivators are used in opposite direction to
complete primary tillage operations.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANAPRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
Mould board and disc ploughs are used as primary tillage
implements for preparing the banana fields.
The depth of ploughing due to these ploughs is deeper than the
country ploughs or cultivators which are required for banana
cultivation, because, at least 40-50 cm deep ploughing is required
for banana.
Hence, ploughing either using mould board plough or disc plough is
necessary.
Disc ploughing
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANABANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
Sub soiler and chisel ploughs are not frequently used, however,
using these ploughs once in two to three years avoids the hard
pan formation below the plough layer which improve the root
penetration.
Secondary tillage implements:
Main secondary tillage implements used in banana fields are,
Country plough
Disc harrow
Cultivator
Puddler
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANAPRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
Banana is mainly planted in pits, the secondary tillage operations
are not playing greater role.
Country plough and cultivators (mainly 9, and 11 tynes) are
preferred for operating the ploughed soils.
Disc harrows are put in use in banana fields as secondary tillage
implements for getting finer soils.
The most realized implement in wetland cultivation of banana are
puddlers.
The puddlers are of three types based on draught power, viz.,
animal drawn, power tiller drawn and tractor drawn.
The fields are prepared using either of puddlers or after thorough
puddling, the banana suckers are pushed in to the soil gently at
required spacing.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANABANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
Banana is cultivated in four systems of cultivation, viz., garden
land cultivation, homestead or backyard cultivation, mixed
cultivation and multi-storey system. Of the four, garden land
cultivation has greater role.
Under garden land cultivation, pit planting is commonly followed.
Furrow planting and trench planting is also practiced
In homestead or backyard cultivation, the family requirement is
given preference and importance.
Summary:
CONT…
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANABANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
In mixed cultivation, banana is grown predominantly as a
commercial shade crop for coffee contributing to income in
initial years.
High-density planting with coconut and arecanut forming the
upper-storey followed by banana, next with tapioca and lower-
most storey with Colocasia, turmeric, ginger and garlic in multi-
storey system.
Primary tillage implements used in banana fields are, country
plough, cultivator, mould board plough, disc plough, sub-soiler
and chisel plough. Among these, country plough and cultivators
are mainly used in developing countries. CONT…
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANAPRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
Mould board and disc ploughs, ploughs deeper than the country
ploughs and hence, these are more important.
Main secondary tillage implements used in banana cultivation
are country plough, disc harrow, cultivator and puddler.
Banana is mainly planted in pits, and hence, the importance of
the secondary tillage operations is not realized.
The most realized implement in wetland cultivation of banana are
puddlers.
PREVIOUS NEXT END
Assessment
1.Pit planting is commonly followed in garden land system of
banana cultivation (True/False).
2.Mixed cultivation of banana is practiced to satisfy the home needs
(True/False).
3.Ploughing either using mould board plough or disc plough is
necessary in banana cultivation since it needs deep ploughed
soils (True/False).
4.Sub soiler and chisel ploughs are used to break hard pan
formation in banana fields (True/False).
5.Secondary tillage operations are more important than primary
tillages in banana (True/False).
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TILLAGE IN BANANABANANA
PREVIOUS NEXT END
Singh, S.P. 2000. Commercial fruits. Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana.
Kumar, N. 2000. Introduction to Horticulture. Rajalakshmi
Publications, Nagarcoil, Tamil Nadu.
Yellamanda Reddy, T. and G.H. Sankara Reddi. 2010.
Principles of Agronomy. Kalyani Publisher, Ludhiana.
References: