PREVIEW OF HAZMAT TECHNICIAN CHEMISTRY POWERPOINT TRAINING PRESENTATION
PREVIEW OF
HAZMAT TECHNICIAN CHEMISTRY
POWERPOINT TRAINING PRESENTATION
DESCRIPTIONThis presentation covers the HAZMAT Technician training section. Modules include definitions (Over 60), Lesson on how to use the Periodic Table, and Various chemical compound groups. Most slides contain illustrating photos and common chemical examples. Meets OSHA, EPA, and NFPA training requirements.
OBJECTIVES
To identify and interpret the types of hazard and response information availableUnderstand hazardous material terminology
FREEZING POINT
Temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid
Normally is the same as the melting pointNitrogen -345.9o F
Water 32o FLead 621.4o F
VAPOR DENSITY
Weight of a volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal amount of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
Dry air has a Vapor Density of 1Hydrogen 0.07Ammonia 0.59
Carbon Monoxide 0.96
FLAMMABLE SOLIDS
Material that can ignite through friction absorption of moisture, or chemical reactionDOT Class 4 Materials
SodiumCalciumLithium
OXIDIZERChemical which supplies its own oxygen
and helps other combustible material burn more readily
Make a fire to burn faster, hotter, and may cause an explosion
May provide their own oxygen when the source of air is removed from the fireOxygen, Acids, Chlorine
ORGANIC PEROXIDES
An organic peroxide is any organic (carbon containing) compound having two oxygen atoms joined together (-O-O-)
CHLORATES & PERCHLORATES
Unstable molecules containing excess oxygen that support combustion
Chlorate Perchlorate
DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE
The temperature at which the substance chemically decomposes
Normally a endothermic reactionExample
Copper Sulfate 2000o C
ALPHA PARTICLES
Travel short distances from the source (4”) and can be shielded by as little as a piece of paperThey normally can not penetrate the skinThey are extremely hazardous if the enter
through the mouth, lungs, or eyesIn most cases structural firefighting gear
with SCBA will provide protection
ATOMThe atom is a basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central nucleus surrounded by a could of negatively charged electronsConsists of
ProtonsNeutronsElectrons
ATOMIC NUMBER
Indicates the number of protons in the nucleusElectrons must equal the number of protonsElements are listed on the periodic table
by increasing atomic number
PERIODIC TABLE
Elements can be divided into metals and non-metals
Representative elementsGroup I- Alkali MetalsGroup II- Alkaline Earth MetalsGroup III- HalogensGroup IV- Inert or Noble Gases
METALS
MalleableDuctileConduct electricity & heatUsually solidHave a shinny lusterMost metals loose electrons in chemical reactions
ALKALI METALS
Group IHighly reactive with waterResulting solution may be very causticProduces hydrogen gas on contact with water
3 LiLithium6.941
1
11 NaSodium22.9898
1
19 KPotassium39.0983
1
37 RbRubidium85.4678
1
55 CsCesium
132.90541
THE OCTET/DUET RULEThe noble gases have 8 electrons in the outer orbitThis satisfies a need of nature called the
“Octet Rule”The noble gases have achieved the highest level of stabilityAll other elements are trying to achieve stability by having 8 electrons in the outer shell
BINARY SALT
Metal + Non-metal except oxygenName ends with “IDE”K+S= K2S Potassium Oxide
HYDROXIDE
Metal + Hydroxide RadicalName ends with “Hydroxide”K+OH= KOH Potassium Hydroxide
COVALENT BONDING
Occurs when two atoms come close together, and one is not
capable of taking electrons from another, a covalent bond may be formedOccurs between two non-metalsElectrons may be shared
Methane
BASIC HYDROCARBONS
Carbon atoms bond to form polymersAll hydrocarbon families are flammable &
toxicThree types of Hydrocarbons
SaturatedUnsaturatedAromatic
ISOMERS
Same chemical formula but different molecular structurePrefixes “iso, neo, tert, cis, trans”May change chemical properties
Iso-Butane more difficult to liquefy1,1,2 Trichloroethane TLV 35 ppm1,1,1 Trichloroethane TLV 10ppm
ALCOHOLS
Methyl alcohol when ingested leads to formic acid that destroys the GI tract and produces blindnessEthyl alcohol leads to intoxication and deathSharp odor, very acidic alcohols should be handled very carefully if at all
KETONES
PolymerizeExtremely toxic, rapid loss of consciousnessAlso oxidizes to form organic peroxides that are shock sensitive & explosiveNeurotoxin (Narcotic effects)Chronic exposure leads to kidney & liver
damage
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