Prevention PATH 216 Mohamed M. B. Alnoor SUBSTANCE ABUSE.

preventionprevention

PATH 216PATH 216Mohamed M. B. AlnoorMohamed M. B. Alnoor

SUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSE

• Definitions

Contents

• Why do people use alcohol and other drugs

• Symptoms and Signs of substance abuse• Initiation of substance use

• Consequences of substance abuse

• Risk factors & Protective factors of substance abuse

• Prevention of substance abuse

• Substance abuse: is the behavior of excessive use of a substance

Definitions

to modify or control mood or state of mind in a manner that is illegal or harmful to oneself or others.


DefinitionsSUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSE

Potential consequences of abuse includePotential consequences of abuse include• Accidents or injuries• Blackouts• Legal problems• Poor job performance• Family problems• Sexual behavior that increases

the risk of HIV infection

• The word “substance” in substance abuse, is any chemical agent (natural or artificial) that affects the mind and is abusively used .

• Alcohol • Illegal street drugs • Addictive prescription and over the

counter drugs. • Other mind altering substances , and • Tobacco.

DefinitionsDefinitionsSUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSE

“Substance”

Symptoms and Signs Symptoms and Signs SUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSE

Abuse of alcohol and other drugs affects people:

• Emotionally• Behaviorally• Physically


Emotional effects:

Aggression, burnout , anxiety,

depression, paranoia and denial.


Behavioral effects:

Slow reaction time , impaired

coordination , slowed or slurred speech ,

irritability , excessive talking , inability to

sit still , limited attention span and poor

motivation or lack of energy.


Physical effects:

Weight loss, sweating , chills

and smell of alcohol


“tolerance”• "Tolerance" describes changes in the way an

addict reacts to a drug, where he needs more of the drug to get the same effect as before.

• When after repeated administration, increasingly larger doses of a drug must be administered to obtain the same effects with the original use.

OR


“Substance dependence”

The physiological state of neuro-

adaptation produced by repeated

administration of the drug, necessitating

continued administration to prevent the

appearance of the withdrawal syndromeAlcoholism means “alcohol dependence


Experiences withdrawal when not using.Seems unable to stop. Preoccupied by “getting” and “using”.Tolerance(needs more to get the same effect).Gives up important things in order to use.Compulsions or cravings to keep using.Rebound.

additional problems: additional problems:

“Substance dependence”


withdrawal when not using. (The psychological and physiological reactions to abrupt cessation of a dependence-producing drug.)Rebound. The exaggerated expression of the original condition sometimes experienced by patients immediately after cessation of an effective treatment

additional problems: additional problems:


Understanding Addiction

• Terminal/Permanent

• Chronic

Addiction to alcohol and other drugs is:

• Progressive

• Primary

• Characterized by denial

For 10% of people, abuse addiction.


Basic components of disease model

Chronic:

Once you have developed an addiction

problem to deal with it, recovery requires

life long abstinence and active participation

in recovery groups.


Progressive :

There are signs and symptoms of ddiction, no

known cure, affecting every area of a the

addict's life: physical, mental, emotional, and

spiritual. Addiction gets worse over time - can

be gradual or rapid, depending on the drug.

Repeated use causes progressive damage.


. Primary :

It is the main problem that needs to be

treated, not secondary to something else.

. Terminal/Permanent :

once addicted to a drug, always addicted

and to all drugs, not just the drug of choice.

If not stopped, often leads to disease and

possibly death.


Denial:

The user often seems to be the last to

know that his life is out of control. There

are effective strategies employed by

professionals for helping to break through

this denial, which must be overcome

before treatment can take place.

• Smoking is the ENTERANCE

• Risk to move on to marijuana is 65 times

greater for persons who smoke or drink

• Risk to move on to cocaine is 104 times

greater for persons who used marijuana

• The more risk factors someone has the

greater likelihood to use substances.

“Initiation of substance use” InternationallySUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSE

people use alcoholpeople use alcohol and other drugsand other drugs

• Experimentation• Social/Recreational• As a stress reliever

“use”SUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSE

Ways that Ways that

o

o Substance use as outlet for emotional

and physical stressors in life

o Financial and work problems

o Used to boost self image.

o Used to fit in/be accepted o Insufficient knowledge about drugs and

their effects

SUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSE people use alcoholpeople use alcohol and other drugsand other drugs

Why do Why do

“Consequences”SUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSE

In addition to effects on the body, other consequences occur at

• individual level• family level • community level.


At individual level:

Aggressiveness, injuring himself or

others, driving harming himself and others,

infections at injection sites or blood borne

(hepatitis B and C, and HIV), smoking

leading to lung cancer and life revolves

around substance use


. At family level:

Money on substance leads to family

conflicts, family conflict becomes destructive

emotionally and/or physically, money on

substance replace other family needs and

money on substance use treatment drains

family resources.

SUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSE. At community level:

To get money, substance abusers may

steal, use violence or engage in crime, drug

syndicates may commit violent crimes and/or

recruit youth for illegal activities and violence

and illegal activity that may harm individuals

and/or create a climate of mistrust.

“RISK FACTORS ”


“PROTECTIVE FACTORS ”

“Who uses substance ?”

“FACTORS”


Risk factors: Factors associated with greater potential to use substances:

1.Chaotic home environment.

2.Ineffective parenting.

3.Little mutual attachment and nurturing.

4.Parental/sibling substance abuse or mental

illness.5. 5. Academic failure


. 6. Inappropriate/shy classroom behavior.

7. Poor social coping skills.

8. Perceived external approval of drug

use(peer, family, community).

9. Affiliations with deviant persons

SUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSEProtective factors:Factors associated with reduced potential to use substances:1.Strong family bonds. 2.Parental engagement in child's life.3.Clear parental expectations & consequences. 4. Academic success.5. Conventional norms about drugs and alcohol.6. Strong bonds with pro-social institutions (School, Community, Mosque).

“PREVENTION”SUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSE

Primary prevention

Secondary prevention

Tertiary prevention

SUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSE“PREVENTION”

TWO STRATEGIES

1- to reduce supply

2- to reduce demand

Primary preventionTo prevent initiation of substance use or delaying the age at which use begins.

SUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSEPrimary prevention

Actions aimed to reduce supply:

(based on the principle that the decreased

availability of substances reduces the

opportunities for abuse and dependence).

Actions aimed to reduce demand:

(including health promotion and disease

prevention).


“RISK FACTORS ”

“PROTECTIVE FACTORS ”

To reduce demand


Secondary prevention

To target individuals in the early

stages of psychoactive substance use,

in order to prevent substance use

becoming a problem and thereby limit

the degree of damage to the individual.

SUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSETertiary prevention

To end dependence and minimize problems

resulting from use/abuse. This

is to enable the individual to achieve and

maintain an improved level of functioning and

health. This is also called rehabilitation and relapse prevention.

Prevention PATH 216 Mohamed M. B. Alnoor SUBSTANCE ABUSE.

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