Preventing Residues in Tissues and Milk- Craig Shultz

Preventing Residues in Tissues and Milk

Ensuring the Wholesomeness of Food Animal Products

For Both Milk and Dairy Beef The Performance Bar Continues to Rise

Tissue Residues in Dairy Beef – (circa. 2005)• Surveillance to include non-antibiotic drugs Flunixin

Milk – 2010 Proposed FDA Bulk Milk Sampling Plan - • 26 animal drug residues • Not limited to antibiotics

Tissue findings at slaughter drive expanded surveillance in milk

The Dairy Cow is the Regulatory Surveillance Target

7.7% of cattle slaughtered in the US are dairy cows – account for 67% of violative residues detected by FSIS in all slaughter cattle.

Why? Age at slaughter -

inflammatory conditions

Use – multiple lactations and parturitions

Individual value – greater incentive to treat

These factors increase the complexity of on-farm residue avoidance strategies.

Residue Avoidance

Complicated in the dairy cow

Not simply a matter of knowing the drug used and its minimum pre-slaughter withhold

Residue Avoidance

Other equally important factors:• Dosage

• Duration of dosage

• Route of administration

• Use of multiple drugs over time in treating a chronic condition

Animal Condition Compromised and

debilitated animals do not metabolize and eliminate drugs as efficiently as those with normal bodily functions – a VCPR in the culling decision process is critical.

Critical Factors in Residue Avoidance

Accurate treatment record-keeping

Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship

Over-the-counter drugs• Must follow label directions exactly• If you change anything it is extra-label use and you must

have a VCPR Dosage Duration of dosage Route of administration

VCPR is required for all prescription drugs

Selection of Slaughter Cattle for Surveillance Screening

ANTE MORTEM CONDITIONS POST MORTEM CONDITIONS

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point – Based Slaughter

Inspection HACCP Final Rule for large plants (1998)

Inspected establishment must :• identify hazards in its process • set critical control points with critical limits to

control hazards

If violative residues are an identified hazard• they must be addressed in HACCP Plan

Goal – to reduce hazard to an undetectable level

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point – Based Slaughter

Inspection

Under HACCP, Industry is responsible for• Addressing violations,• Reducing risks• Ensuring the safety of its product

Industry must trace violations, obtain corrective actions and prevent recurrence

Industry is required to avoid high risk sources of animals

Feedback Loop

Producer

SlaughterPlant

ViolationsAvoidance HACCP Notification(Days)

FDA Investigation(Months)

Tissue Residue Points to Remember

Only high risk animals based on ante and post mortem presentation are screened• High quality dairy cows: 5-8%• Lower quality lean dairy cows : up to 15%

Tissue samples from screen-positive animals are submitted to a Federal laboratory for analysis• Identify specific residue in tissue• Amount of residue in tissue

Tissue Residue Points to Remember

Violative residue levels may be restricted to a tissue (e.g. Kidney) or may involve entire carcass resulting in condemnation

Cattle with high violation-risk conditions are screened even if they are condemned on post mortem inspection

Food Safety

Animal Health Public Health

Animal Well Being Human Well Being

•Human Antimicrobial Use •Immune compromise (HIV, chemo)•Animal drug use and resistance of human pathogens•Disease data

•Multi-drug resistant food borne pathogens•Public expectation of safe food

• Pathogen free raw products•Farm to fork surveillance•Food product liability•Food Product traceability•Food borne illness data

•Perception of human well being•Food preferences•Food affordability and quality•Antibiotic effectiveness and human well-being•Environmental sustainability – carbon footprint of non-intensive animal production

• Perception of animal well being - Companion animal vs. production animal•Food production practices – different conditions for animal vs. human antimicrobial therapy •NSAIDS use vs. abuse•Environmental sustainability – carbonfootprint of intensive animal production

•Preventive & disease control antimicrobial use•Antimicrobial drug availability•Animal traceability•Disease data

Use of Food Animal Drugs and “One Health”